Hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau ®©y víi d¹ng ®óng cña ®éng tõ vµ cho biÕt chóng lµ Gerund hay Present Participle.. hungry, he went into the kitchen and opened the fridge.[r]
(1)Để vàng đầy rơng chẳng quý dạy học sách. Cho ngàn vàng chẳng dạy biết nghề ( S¸ch H¸n Th)
Language focus of unit
Gerund and Present Participle/ Perfect gerund and Perfect Participle I Gerund and Present Participle
1 Gerund (danh động từ) đợc cấu tạo động từ + ING để trở thành danh từ. - Gerund có chức làm chủ ngữ câu
VÝ dô: Swimming in a swimming pool on a hot day is very interesting -Gerund có chức làm tân ngữ câu
VÝ dô : He likes playing football
- Gerund có chức làm bổ ngữ c©u
VÝ dơ : Conservation is safeguarding and preservation of natural resources
- Cũng nh danh từ khác, Gerund đợc dùng sau mạo từ, tính từ sở hữu,… Ví dụ: Do you mind opening the door?
The reclaiming is important for farmers Thank you for your coming
-Gerund để thành lập danh từ kép
VÝ dô : a diving board, driving licence, landing car
2 Present Participle( Phân từ tại) đợc cấu tạo động từ + ING
_ Present participle (V_ing) sau đông từ TO BE để diễn tả hành động xảy Ví dụ: I am studying English now
- Present Participle ( V_ing) đợc dùng thay mệnh đề quan hệ
VÝ dô: The train arriving at the station is one hour late ( The train which is arriving at the station is one hour late.)
Present Participle ( V-ing) dùng để miêu tả hai hành động + xảy thời điểm, chủ ngữ
VÝ du; We sat in front of T.V, watching football + xảy nối tiếp nhau, chung chủ ngữ
Ví dụ: Closing all the windows and the door carefully, she went to bed - Present participle ( V_ ing) đợc dùng nh tính từ
VÝ dô: running water, a boring story…
Present participle đợc dùng sau cấu trúc have + sb + V_ing Ví dụ: I had him cleaning his bike
Present Participle.: đợc dùng sau động từ “go” Ví dụ: go swimming, go fishing
Present participle ( V_ ing ) cịn đợc dùng sau số động từ thuộc giác quan nh: see, hear, smell…
VÝ dô : I see him passing my house everyday
Present Participle ( V_ ing) đợc dùng sau động từ catch, find, leave, object Ví dụ : I caught them stealing my apples
He found a tree lying across the road I left her talking to my mother
II Perfect gerund and Perfect Participle.
1 Perfect gerund đợc dùng thay cho dạng hiên danh động từ đề cập tới hành động khứ
VÝ dô : The boy was accused of having stolen/ stealing her money She apologized for having broken / breaking my vase
Perfect gerund thêng dïng sau DENY
VÝ dô: He denied having stolen her money
2 Perfect Participle.( phân từ khứ) có cấu trúc : Having + PII Phân từ khứ dïng
để nhấn mạnh hnàh động xảy hoàn tât trớc hành động khác xảy khứ
VÝ dô: Having finished all my exercises, I went to bed Exercises
I Hoàn thành câu sau với dạng động từ cho biết chúng Gerund hay Present Participle.
1 ( Feel) ……… hungry, he went into the kitchen and opened the fridge My boss spends two hours a day ( travel) …….to work
3 ( Swim) ……… is my favourite sport
4 One of life’s pleasure is ( have) ……….breakfast in bed ( Whistle) ……… to himself, he walked down the road In spite of ( miss) ……… the train , we arrived on time They found the money ……….( lye) on the ground He was trapped in a (burn)……… house
(2)10 She always puts off (go) ………… to the dentist
II Hoàn thành câu sau với dạng động từ Gerund ,Present Participle, perfect participle
1 She admitted ( kill) her husband I reget ( write) ………… her that letter I enjoy ( play)…… tennis with my friends
4 Martin denied (see) …… the accused man on the day of the crime
5 ( Tell) …… me that she would never speak to me again , she picked up her stuff and stormed out of the house
6 – Will you enter for the next eloquence contest?
- (Win) ……… twice , I don’t want to try again Let’s give chances to other ( Improve ) …… her English Pia’s promotion prospects are much better
III Viết lại câu sau cách thay phần in nghiêng với PerfecParticiple mà nghĩa ko đổi.
1 We switched off the lights before we went to bed -> Having switched off the lights, we went to bed
2 The boy asked his mother s permission’ and then went out to play
->………
3 As he had drunk too much, he didn’t drive home himself
->………
4 We have done two tests today, so we are exhausted
->………
5 She filled the washing machine and switched it on
->………
6 She had been to disco the night before and she overslept in the morning
->………
7 We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening
->………
8 She had not slept for two days and therefore she wasn’t able to concentrate
->………
9 Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn’t recognize him
->………
10 I had not ridden a horse for a long time and I found it very difficult to keep in the saddle
->………
11 Zoe had practiced a lot, so she was sure of her winning in the competition
->………
IV Viết lại câu sau mà nghĩa không đổi.
1 Nam won a scholarship We are excited about that fact
-> We’re ………
2 Entering the room, I was surprised at what I saw
-> When ………
3 The volunteers couldn’t mow the old lady’s lawns because of the rain -> The rain prevented ……… David did his homework and the went to bed
-> After having ……… ………
5 It is easy for anyone to learn how to cook
-> Learning………
VII ViÕt l¹i câu sau dùng After and Before. I told him off Then I realized I was wrong -> After I had told him off, I realized I was wrong I worked very hard for the exam Then I passed it
-> Before………
3 First I considered what to study Then I decided to major in Maths
-> After………
4 She wrote a letter Then she went to bed -> After………
5 He bought a radio First he checked the price
-> After………
6 They argued Then they fought
-> After………
7 She went out for a walk Then she had a fatal accident
-> Before………
8 She decided to go away First she faced the matter -> After………
9 We read the book, then we wrote the assignment
(3)10 She watched the film, then she wrote a report
-> After………
VIII Viết lại câu sau dùng Gerund Phrase ( cụm danh động từ) A good way of keeping fit is to swim everyday
-> Swimming everyday is a good way of keeping fit It takes a long time to learn a foreign language
->………
3 Grow your own food It’s less expensive
->………
4 It is uncomfortable to sit in one place for so long
->………
5 You are not allow to smoke here
->
Cách phát âm
I Cách phát âm từ tận lµ- ed
Những động từ q khứ có quy tắc kết thúc - ed đựoc phát âm nh sau:
1. /d/ sau nguyên âm a, e, i, o, u phụ âm hữu ( trừ /d/): /ð/, /b/, /v/, /z/, / ʒ/, /dʒ/, /g/, /m/, /n/, /l/, /η/
tried /traid/ clothed /kləuðd/ used /ju:zd/ failed /feild/
2. / t/ sau phụ âm vô (trừ /t/): / /, /p/, /f/, /s/, /∫/, /t∫/, /k/
stopped /stɔpt/ laughed /la:ft/ worked /wз: kt/ passed /pa:st/ watched /wɔt∫t/
3 /id/ sau chØ phô ©m /d/ vµ /t/
ended / ‘endid/ started/ ‘sta:tid/
II Cách phát âm danh từ số nhiều có quy tắc.
Những danh từ kết thúc /s/, /z/ âm gió khác Sau âm gió: /s/, /z/, //, /ʒ/, / t∫/, vµ /dʒ/,
v ới danh từ số nhiều kết thúc –(e)s đợc phát âm /iz/ buses /‘bʌsiz/ crashes /‘krổ∫iz/ watches /‘wɔt∫iz/ quizzes / ‘kwiziz/ garages /‘gổra:∫iz/ bridge / ‘bridʒz/
2.Nh÷ng danh tõ kÕt thúc âm vô
Sau phụ ©m v« thanh: ( /p/, /f/, /θ/, /t/, v /k/)à
v ới danh từ số nhiều kết thúc –(e)s đợc phát âm là/s/ cups /cʌps/ cloths /klɔθs/ books /buks/ beliefs / bi‘li:fs/ plates /pleits/
Những danh từ kết thúc phụ âm hữu Sau nguyên âm, phụ âm hữu trừ /z/,/ʒ/, /dʒ/, với danh từ số nhiều kết thúc –(e)s đợc phát âm /z/
days /deiz/ boys /biz/ trees /tri:z/ knives /naivz/ hills /hilz/ dreams /dri:mz/ legs /legz/ ends /endz/ clothes /kləuðz/
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