Gerund and Present Participle Perfect gerund and Perfect Participle

Hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau ®©y víi d¹ng ®óng cña ®éng tõ vµ cho biÕt chóng lµ Gerund hay Present Participle.. hungry, he went into the kitchen and opened the fridge.[r]

Để vàng đầy rơng chẳng quý dạy học sách. Cho ngàn vàng chẳng dạy biết nghề ( S¸ch H¸n Th)

Language focus of unit

Gerund and Present Participle/ Perfect gerund and Perfect Participle I Gerund and Present Participle

1 Gerund (danh động từ) đợc cấu tạo động từ + ING để trở thành danh từ. - Gerund có chức làm chủ ngữ câu

VÝ dô: Swimming in a swimming pool on a hot day is very interesting -Gerund có chức làm tân ngữ câu

VÝ dô : He likes playing football

- Gerund có chức làm bổ ngữ c©u

VÝ dơ : Conservation is safeguarding and preservation of natural resources

- Cũng nh danh từ khác, Gerund đợc dùng sau mạo từ, tính từ sở hữu,… Ví dụ: Do you mind opening the door?

The reclaiming is important for farmers Thank you for your coming

-Gerund để thành lập danh từ kép

VÝ dô : a diving board, driving licence, landing car

2 Present Participle( Phân từ tại) đợc cấu tạo động từ + ING

_ Present participle (V_ing) sau đông từ TO BE để diễn tả hành động xảy Ví dụ: I am studying English now

- Present Participle ( V_ing) đợc dùng thay mệnh đề quan hệ

VÝ dô: The train arriving at the station is one hour late ( The train which is arriving at the station is one hour late.)

Present Participle ( V-ing) dùng để miêu tả hai hành động + xảy thời điểm, chủ ngữ

VÝ du; We sat in front of T.V, watching football + xảy nối tiếp nhau, chung chủ ngữ

Ví dụ: Closing all the windows and the door carefully, she went to bed - Present participle ( V_ ing) đợc dùng nh tính từ

VÝ dô: running water, a boring story…

Present participle đợc dùng sau cấu trúc have + sb + V_ing Ví dụ: I had him cleaning his bike

Present Participle.: đợc dùng sau động từ “go” Ví dụ: go swimming, go fishing

Present participle ( V_ ing ) cịn đợc dùng sau số động từ thuộc giác quan nh: see, hear, smell…

VÝ dô : I see him passing my house everyday

Present Participle ( V_ ing) đợc dùng sau động từ catch, find, leave, object Ví dụ : I caught them stealing my apples

He found a tree lying across the road I left her talking to my mother

II Perfect gerund and Perfect Participle.

1 Perfect gerund đợc dùng thay cho dạng hiên danh động từ đề cập tới hành động khứ

VÝ dô : The boy was accused of having stolen/ stealing her money She apologized for having broken / breaking my vase

Perfect gerund thêng dïng sau DENY

VÝ dô: He denied having stolen her money

2 Perfect Participle.( phân từ khứ) có cấu trúc : Having + PII Phân từ khứ dïng

để nhấn mạnh hnàh động xảy hoàn tât trớc hành động khác xảy khứ

VÝ dô: Having finished all my exercises, I went to bed Exercises

I Hoàn thành câu sau với dạng động từ cho biết chúng Gerund hay Present Participle.

1 ( Feel) ……… hungry, he went into the kitchen and opened the fridge My boss spends two hours a day ( travel) …….to work

3 ( Swim) ……… is my favourite sport

4 One of life’s pleasure is ( have) ……….breakfast in bed ( Whistle) ……… to himself, he walked down the road In spite of ( miss) ……… the train , we arrived on time They found the money ……….( lye) on the ground He was trapped in a (burn)……… house

10 She always puts off (go) ………… to the dentist

II Hoàn thành câu sau với dạng động từ Gerund ,Present Participle, perfect participle

1 She admitted ( kill) her husband I reget ( write) ………… her that letter I enjoy ( play)…… tennis with my friends

4 Martin denied (see) …… the accused man on the day of the crime

5 ( Tell) …… me that she would never speak to me again , she picked up her stuff and stormed out of the house

6 – Will you enter for the next eloquence contest?

- (Win) ……… twice , I don’t want to try again Let’s give chances to other ( Improve ) …… her English Pia’s promotion prospects are much better

III Viết lại câu sau cách thay phần in nghiêng với PerfecParticiple mà nghĩa ko đổi.

1 We switched off the lights before we went to bed -> Having switched off the lights, we went to bed

2 The boy asked his mother s permission’ and then went out to play

->………

3 As he had drunk too much, he didn’t drive home himself

->………

4 We have done two tests today, so we are exhausted

->………

5 She filled the washing machine and switched it on

->………

6 She had been to disco the night before and she overslept in the morning

->………

7 We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening

->………

8 She had not slept for two days and therefore she wasn’t able to concentrate

->………

9 Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn’t recognize him

->………

10 I had not ridden a horse for a long time and I found it very difficult to keep in the saddle

->………

11 Zoe had practiced a lot, so she was sure of her winning in the competition

->………

IV Viết lại câu sau mà nghĩa không đổi.

1 Nam won a scholarship We are excited about that fact

-> We’re ………

2 Entering the room, I was surprised at what I saw

-> When ………

3 The volunteers couldn’t mow the old lady’s lawns because of the rain -> The rain prevented ……… David did his homework and the went to bed

-> After having ……… ………

5 It is easy for anyone to learn how to cook

-> Learning………

VII ViÕt l¹i câu sau dùng After and Before. I told him off Then I realized I was wrong -> After I had told him off, I realized I was wrong I worked very hard for the exam Then I passed it

-> Before………

3 First I considered what to study Then I decided to major in Maths

-> After………

4 She wrote a letter Then she went to bed -> After………

5 He bought a radio First he checked the price

-> After………

6 They argued Then they fought

-> After………

7 She went out for a walk Then she had a fatal accident

-> Before………

8 She decided to go away First she faced the matter -> After………

9 We read the book, then we wrote the assignment

10 She watched the film, then she wrote a report

-> After………

VIII Viết lại câu sau dùng Gerund Phrase ( cụm danh động từ) A good way of keeping fit is to swim everyday

-> Swimming everyday is a good way of keeping fit It takes a long time to learn a foreign language

->………

3 Grow your own food It’s less expensive

->………

4 It is uncomfortable to sit in one place for so long

->………

5 You are not allow to smoke here

->

Cách phát âm

I Cách phát âm từ tận lµ- ed

Những động từ q khứ có quy tắc kết thúc - ed đựoc phát âm nh sau:

1. /d/ sau nguyên âm a, e, i, o, u phụ âm hữu ( trừ /d/): /ð/, /b/, /v/, /z/, / ʒ/, /dʒ/, /g/, /m/, /n/, /l/, /η/

tried /traid/ clothed /kləuðd/ used /ju:zd/ failed /feild/

2. / t/ sau phụ âm vô (trừ /t/): / /, /p/, /f/, /s/, /∫/, /t∫/, /k/

stopped /stɔpt/ laughed /la:ft/ worked /wз: kt/ passed /pa:st/ watched /wɔt∫t/

3 /id/ sau chØ phô ©m /d/ vµ /t/

ended / ‘endid/ started/ ‘sta:tid/

II Cách phát âm danh từ số nhiều có quy tắc.

Những danh từ kết thúc /s/, /z/ âm gió khác Sau âm gió: /s/, /z/, //, /ʒ/, / t∫/, vµ /dʒ/,

v ới danh từ số nhiều kết thúc –(e)s đợc phát âm /iz/ buses /‘bʌsiz/ crashes /‘krổ∫iz/ watches /‘wɔt∫iz/ quizzes / ‘kwiziz/ garages /‘gổra:∫iz/ bridge / ‘bridʒz/

2.Nh÷ng danh tõ kÕt thúc âm vô

Sau phụ ©m v« thanh: ( /p/, /f/, /θ/, /t/, v /k/)à

v ới danh từ số nhiều kết thúc –(e)s đợc phát âm là/s/ cups /cʌps/ cloths /klɔθs/ books /buks/ beliefs / bi‘li:fs/ plates /pleits/

Những danh từ kết thúc phụ âm hữu Sau nguyên âm, phụ âm hữu trừ /z/,/ʒ/, /dʒ/, với danh từ số nhiều kết thúc –(e)s đợc phát âm /z/

days /deiz/ boys /biz/ trees /tri:z/ knives /naivz/ hills /hilz/ dreams /dri:mz/ legs /legz/ ends /endz/ clothes /kləuðz/