Gerund and Infinitive hay

ChÊm døt viÖc ®ang lµm He stopped smoking last year Need CÇn lµm viÖc g× (chñ ®éng) She needs to work harder. It needs cleaning[r]

Infinitive with to(Động từ nguyên thể có ‘to’) Động từ nguyên thể có ‘TO’ dùng trường hợp sau:

1 Để diễn đạt mục đích. We are saving to buy a house

My sister is preparing dinner to serve some guests 2 Sau mét sè tÝnh tõ.

able Lành nghề exciting Thích, vui thú strange Xa lạ agreeable Dễ chịu, vừa ý good/nice=pleasant Vui vẻ, tốt sure Chắc chắn

awful Khủng khiếp generous Rộng lượng stupid Ngu ngốc

careless Cẩu thả, bất cẩn happy Hạnh phúc terrible Ghê sợ careful Cẩn thận horrible Khủng khiếp wonderful Tuyệt vời

clever Thông minh lovely Dễ thương

welcome Thú vị, hoan nghênh

disagreeable Khó chịu lucky May mắn

I’m veryhappyto receiveher present / It’scarelessof himto passthe traffic light It’sexcitingto talkto a foreigner for the first time / I find itusefulto consultmy teacher

Her son iscleverenoughto dothe crossword / The exercises are toodifficultfor themto finishin 15 minutes 3 Sau đại từ bất định: something, anybody, nowhere, everyone etc.

Who wantssomethingto eat? / We are so bored, we havenothingto 4 Sau từ để hỏi: what, where, when, how, etc.

He wonderedhowto tell her the bad news / Have you decidedwhereto go for your holidays? 5 Sau từ: the first/second/third the next/ the last/ the only.

If I have any more news, you will bethe firstto know

Everybody was late except me I wasthe onlyto arrive on time 6 Sau số đông từ.

 Verb + To Infinitive

Afford Có thể chi trả Hesitate Do dự Prepare Chuẩn bị

Agree Đồng ý Hope Hi vọng Pretend Giả vờ

Aim Nhằm mục đích Intend Có ý muốn Promise Hứa hẹn

Appear Cã vỴ Learn Häc tËp Refuse Tõ chèi

Arrange Thu xếp Manage sắp xếp Seem Dường như

Attempt Nỗ lực Mean Chủ ý, cố tình, ý định Tend Có khuynh hướng

Claim địi hỏi, yêu cầu Need Cần Threaten Đe dọa

Decide Quyết định Offer đề nghị Want Mong muốn

Demand Yêu cầu Plan Lên kế hoạch Start Bắt đầu

Expect Trông chờ Wait đợi

Fail Thất bại Wish Mongước Would you like/love/ prefer/hate + to-inf? I agree tolendhim some money / Wedecidednot to go out because of the weather

 Verb + Object + to Infinitive

Enable Cho phép Order Yêu cầu Teach Dạy dỗ

Force Bắt buộc Offer Đề ngh Tell Bảo, lệnh

Get Nhê lµm, khiÕn cho Persuade Thut phơc Warn Cảnh báo

Invite Mời mọc Remind Nhắc nhở

 Verb + (Object) + to Infinitive

Would hate GhÐt Ask B¶o, lƯnh Mean Chđ ý, cố tình

Would like Thích, muốn Beg Cầu xin Want Mong muèn

Would love Yêu, thích Expect Trụng ch Instruct Hng dn

Would prefer1HĐ Ưa thích h¬n Would rather thÝch……… h¬n……

Iexpectto be late IexpectTom to be late

He doesn’twantto know He doesn’twantanyone to know

Infinitive without to (Động từ nguyên thể ‘to’) Động từ ngun thể khơng có ‘TO’ dùng trường hợp sau:

1 Sau have / help / make vµ let (have / help / make / let + S.O + V1)

Her parents wouldn’tlethergoout alone (Her parents wouldn’tallowherto goout alone.) Their boss made them work on night – shifts (Their boss forced them to work on night – shifts Hehelpedmewashmy car They were made to work on night – shifts.) Ihadmy fatherrepairmy bicycle

2 Sau động từ: see, hear, watch, listen to, smell, feel, observe and notice. See, hear + bare infinitive:diễn tả việc nghe

nhìn hành động hoàn tất, từ lúc bắt đầu tới lúc kết thúc

See, hear + V_ing: diễn tả việc nghe nhìn phần hành động hành động diễn I hear them talk about me vs I hear them talking about me

She saw a boy cross the busy road vs She saw a boy crossing the busy road 3 Sau động từ khiếm khuyết: may, might, can, could, have to, must, should, had better.

Do you think I should apply for the job?

I have to get up early tomorrow I’m going away and my train leaves at 7.30 Can you speak any foreign languages?

Gerund (V + ing) (Danh động từ)

Danh động từ danh từ có dạng phân từ động từ (V_ ing), dùng trường hợp sau:

1 Là chủ ngữ câu.

Doing exercises regularly keeps you fit Shopping takes her a lot of time 2 Là bổ ngữ động từ “TO BE”.

His hobby is playing soccer / One of her bad habits is watching TV for hours 3 Trong c¸c danh tõ ghÐp.

Washing machine, living room, sleeping bag etc 4 Sau giíi tõ.

 Before, after , by, without

What did you after leaving school? / Before going out, I phoned Sarah

You can improve your English by reading more / It’s nice to go on holiday without having to worry about money

 Verb + Preposition + V_ing Go on

TiÕp tôc

Decide against Quyết định chống lại

Carry on Care for Chăm sóc, quan tâm

Keep on Put off Trì hoÃn

Insist on Khăng khăng Feel like Thích, yêu thích

Approve of ủng hộ, tán thành Give up Tõ bá

Dream of Mơ ước Object to Phản đối

Talk of Nói chuyện Look forward to Mong chờ, trông đợi

Think of Suy nghÜ Accustomed to/ Quen với

Succeed in Thành công Confess to Thó nhËn

 Be + Adjective + Preposition + V_ing

Be afraid of E ngại Be bored with Buồn chán Be opposed to Phản i

Be capable of Có khả năng Be busy with/ in BËn rén Be keen on Say mª

Be fond of Thích thú Be satisfied with Hài lòng Be surprised at Ngạc nhiên

Be frightened of Sợ h·i Be disappointed with ThÊt väng Instead of Thay v×

Be tired of Mệt mỏi Be amused at Buồn cười In spite of Mặc dù

Be terrified of Khiếp sợ Be interested in Quan tâm, thích thú

Be excited about Hµo høng Be / get used to Quen víi

Be worried about Lo l¾ng Be good/ bad at Giái/ kÐm viƯc g×

Are you interested in working with us? / All of them are excited about camping overnight Her mother is busy with typing the documents / My little brother isn’t frightened of spiders

 Verb + Object + Preposition + V_ing

Blame for Đổ lỗi Prevent from Gây cản trở

Fine for Xử phạt Stop from Ngăn chặn

Thank for Cám ơn Congratulate on Chúc mừng

Forgive for Tha thø Apologise to for Xin lỗi

Accuse of Buộc tội Warn against Cảnh báo

Suspect of Nghi ngờ Criticize for Phê bình

I forgot tothankthemforhelping me / Nobodysuspectedthe boyofbeing the thief 5 Sau số động từ.

Admit Thõa nhËn Finish Hoµn thành Miss Bỏ lỡ,

Avoid Lảng tránh Hate GhÐt bá Postpone Tr× ho·n

Consider Coi như Imagine Tưởng tượng Practise Thực hành

Delay Tr× ho·n Involve Liên quan Prefer ưa thích hơn

Deny Phủ nhận Keep Lặp lặp lại Risk Liềulĩnh, mạo hiểm

Dislike Không thích Like Yêu thích Resist Chống lại

Enjoy Yêu thích Love Yêu mến Appreciate đánh giá

Fancy Mê mẩn, mến Mind Ngại, phiền Suggest Gợi ý, đề nghị

Loathe Ghét, kinh tởm Discuss Thảo luận Tolerate Tha thứ, chịu đựng

Quit Tõ bá Escape Trèn tho¸t Resent O¸n giËn, bùc béi

Mention đề cập Recall Nhớ lại

Understand HiÓu Find NhËn ra

I’ll the shopping when I’vefinishedcleaning the floor /I quite understand you needing some time alone When I’m on holiday, Ienjoynot having to get up early /I suddenly found myself running down the street

6 Sau mét sè cÊu tróc.

Can’t stand Khơng thể chịu đựng ni Its no good

Không ích gì

Cant bear It’s no use

Can’t help Kh«ng thĨ kh«ng There’s no point in

Have difficulty in Gặp khó khăn It’s (not) worth Khơng đáng gì I’m sure you’llhave no difficulty (in)passing the exam

I live only a short walk from here, soit’s not worthtaking a taxi

notes

 Verb + V_ing vs Verb + Object + to Infinitive

She doesn’tallowsmoking in her room vs Shedoesn’t allowus to smoke in her room

Theysuggestvisiting the museum vs Theysuggestme to visit the museum

Advise Khuyªn nhñ Allow Cho phÐp

Suggest Gợi ý, đề nghị Permit

Recommend Đề nghị, căndặn Forbid Ngăn cấm

Encourage KhuyÕn khÝch

 Verb + V_ ing or Verb + O + to Infinitive

Không có khác biệt nghĩa:begin, start, intend, continue, bother Johnintendsto move to another flat vs Johnintendsmoving to another flat Hebeganto work here last year vs Hebeganworking here last year

*Kh«ng sư dơng V_ing sau mét V_ing. It’s starting to rain (notIt’s starting raining.)

 Cã sù kh¸c biƯt vỊ nghÜa.

To - infinitive V_ing Remember Nhớ phải làm việc gìPlease remember to call me as soon as you

get there

Nhớ làm việc gì

I remembered locking the door before going out

Forget Quên việc phải làm (chưa làm việc đó)Oh, I forgot to turn off the gas stove. Quên việc làmHe will never forget meeting Uncle Ho. Regret Lấy làm tiếc (sẽ phải làm việc gì)I regret to say that the result is not very

good

Hối tiếc làm việc gì

He regrets saying such words He shouldn’t have said it

Go on

Làm việc khác

He became an assistant manager two years ago A few months later he went on to be the manager of the company

Tiếp tục việc làm

I can’t go on working here anymore I want a different job

Try Cố gắng làm việc gìHe tried to learn well for the final exam. Thử làm việc gìTry pressing the green button It may be help. Stop Ngừng việc làm để làm việc khácHe stopped to have a rest because he felt

tired

Chấm dứt việc làm He stopped smoking last year Need Cần làm việc (chủ động)She needs to work harder. Cần làm việc (bị động)Her shirt is dirty It needs cleaning.

Like Làm việc đắn, cần thiếtI like to repaint the house I think it’s a good thing to

Yêu thích làm việc g×

I like cooking It’s my hobby Prefer

Chỉ có hành động kiện S +would prefer+to+ V1 + O

I would prefer to study English

Có Hành động kiện

S +would prefer+V-ing+ O +to+V-ing+ O

She would prefer learning English to watching TV

Passive gerund and infinitive

(Bị động danh động từ động từ nguyên thể có ‘to’)

Dạng bị động danh động từ động từ nguyên thể có TO dùng nhằm nhấn mạnh hành động, kiện diễn người thực hành động

Active Passive

Gerund V_ing Being + V3/ed

Having been + V3/ed I don’t like my sister waking me up early

Do you mind people calling late at night? I don’t like being waken up early by my sister.Do you mind being called late at night?

To _ Inf To_ infinitive To be + V3/ed

I expect them to invite me to the party They wanted people to highly appreciate their preparation

I expect to be invited to the party

They wanted their preparation to be highly appreciated

- to want sb to sth

- to advise, recommend, urge, order +Direct Object + to Infinitive

Example: He urged the council to reduce the rates

> to want sth to be done

>advise,… , orderthat sth should + be done He urged that the rates should be reduced

The council was/ were urged to reduce the rates (dạng bị động thông thường)

Chú ý: Act: NEED + V-ing Pass: Need to be V3/ed.

Ex: These shoes need polishing  These shoes need to be polished