The invention of cars has made transportation much easier, but cars are among the greatest contributors of air pollution.. Although the invention of cars has made transportation much ea[r]
(1)ĐỀ THI THỬ ĐẠI HỌC NĂM 2010 MƠN: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian 120 phút (khơng kẻ thời gian giao đề) Read the following passage and choose the correct answer.
A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled – a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today As
technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions
Many of the more important are pollutants, such as sulfur dioxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen
oxides, are found in nature As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil On a global basis, nature is output of these compounds dwarfs resulting from human activities However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city
In this localized region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural
purification scheme of the cycles The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities The actual concentrations need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm
46 What does the passage mainly discuss? A The economic impact of air pollution B What constitutes and air pollutants C How much harm air pollutants can cause
D The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere
47 The word ‘adversely’ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to: A negatively B quickly C admittedly D considerably
48 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that A water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas B most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled C the definition of air pollution will continue to change D a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities
49 The word ‘altered’ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to A eliminated B cancelled C slowed D changed
50 Natural pollutants can play an important role in controlling air pollution for which of the following reasons?
A They function as part of a purification process
B They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants
C They are less harmful to living beings than are other pollutants D They have existed since the Earth developed
51 According to the passage, which of the following is true about human generated air pollution in localized regions?
A It can be dwarfed by nature’s output of pollutants in the localized region B It can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants
(2)52 The word ‘noxious’ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to A harmful B noticeable C extensive D weak
53 According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is only useful if
A the other substances in the area are known B it is in a localized area
C the naturally occurring level is also known D it can be calculated quickly
54 The word ‘detectable’ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to A beneficial B special C measurable D separable
55 Which of the following is best supported by the passage?
A To effectively control pollution, local government should regularly review their air pollution laws B One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws C Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants
D Human activities have been effective in reducing air pollution Read the following passage and choose the correct answer.
Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective Satire rarely offers original ideas Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form Satirists not offer the world new philosophies What they is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these
conditions seem foolish, harmful, of affected Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism None of these ideas is original Chivalry was suspected before Carvantes; humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huzley; and people were aware of famine before Swift It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular It was the manner of expression, the satiric method that made them interesting and entertaining Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome of ethically instructive They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude
Satire exists because there is need for it It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear and read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental and only partially true Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it Soldiers rarely hold the ideas that movies attribute to them, nor ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they not hear them expressed
56 What does the passage mainly discuss? A Difficulties of writing satiric literature B Popular topics of satire
C New philosophies emerging from satiric literature D Reasons for the popularity of satire
57 The word ‘realization’ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to A reality B awareness C surprise D confusion
58 Why does the author mention Don Quixote, brave New World and A Modest Proposal in the first paragraph?
(3)59 The word ‘aesthetically’ is closest in meaning to
A artistically B exceptionallyC realistically D dependably 60 Which of the following can be found in satiric literature? A Newly emerging philosophies
B Odd combinations of objects and ideas C Abstract discussion of morals and ethics D Wholesome characters who are unselfish
61 According to the passage, there is a need for satire because people need to be A informed about new scientific developments
B exposed to original philosophies when they are formulated C reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurate
D told how they can be of service to their communities 62 The word ‘refreshing’ is closest in meaning to A popular B ridiculous C meaningful D unusual 63 The word ‘they’ is closest in meaning to A people B media C ideals D movies
64 As a result of reading satiric literature, readers will be most likely to A teach themselves to write fiction
B accept conventional points of view
C become better informed about current affairs D reexamine their opinions and values
65 The various purposes of satire include all of the following except A introducing readers to unfamiliar circumstances
B brushing away illusions
C reminding readers of the truth D exposing false values
Finding mistakes
66 The first woman governor in the United States history was Nellie Taylor Ross, who was elected to be governor of Wyoming in 1925
67 Rainwater carries unused chemicals from fields into streams or lakes, where various compounds promote the rate grown of weeds
68 Nuclear reactors produce energy by split the atom in the target material into two nearly equal parts 69 The final cost of the project has been estimated about anything between four and five million dollars 70 Plants require much less moist on cold weather than in warm weather
Choose the correct answer
71 The new shopping mall is gigantic It’s advertised as a place you can find just about anything _
A attractive for you to buy B you can want to buy C suitable for buying for you D you might want to buy 72 _, we couldn’t talk him out of his crazy scheme A We tried very hard B Try as we might
C Trying very hard D As hard as we tried
73 My friend is an interesting storyteller and conversationalist His brother, on the other hand,
(4)C has four children: a boy and three girls D knows a lot of stories, too
74 that the doubts being expressed about the project will be unfounded A It is a chance B They have a chance
C A chance is given that D There’s every chance 75 _ people can move back into their homes
A Now the flood having receded B The flood being receding
C Now that the flood has receded D Because of the flood’s receding
Choose the answer that indicates the correct and natural combination of each pair of sentences 76 This ticket entitles you to a free meal in our new restaurant
A This ticket is worth a meal in out new restaurant
B Buy a meal in our new restaurant, you can have a seat in the theater C If you buy this ticket, you can have a free meal in our new restaurant 77 The student next to me kept chewing gum That bothered me a lot A The student next to me kept chewing gum, that bothered me a lot B The student next to me kept chewing gum, which bothered me a lot C The student next to me kept chewing gum bothering me a lot D The student next to me kept chewing gum bothered me a lot
78 Transportation has been made much easier thanks to the invention of cars However, cars are the greatest contributor of air pollution
A The invention of cars has made transportation much easier, but cars are among the greatest contributors of air pollution
B Although the invention of cars has made transportation much easier, people use cars to contribute to the pollution of air
C It is cars that are the greatest contributor of air pollution although the invention of cars has made transportation much easier
D However easier the invention of cars has made transportation, it is cars that are among the greatest contributors of air pollution
79 He was suspected to have stolen credit cards The police have investigated him for days A He has been investigated for days, suspecting to have stolen credit cards
B Suspecting to have stolen credit cards, he has been investigated for days C Having suspected to have stolen credit cards, he has been investigated for days D Suspected to have stolen credit cards, he has been investigated for days
80 The man wanted to get some fresh air in the room He opened the window