UNIT 9: UNDERSEA WORLD - ocean (n) / /: The Pacific Ocean: Atlantic Ocean: Indian Ocean: Antarctic Ocean: Artic Ocean: - divide something into (v): Ex: My mother (divide) the cake into three pieces. division (n): dividend (n): divisible (adj): divisibility (n): divisor (n): divisive (adj): divisively (adv): divisiveness (n) divider (n): 8 is …………. by 2 and 4, but not for by 3. Are you any good at ……………… The train …………….at York. - gulf (n) / /: - bay (n) / / - cover (v) / /: covered (adj) (in/ with st): covering (n): cover-up (n) cover (n): coverage (n): coverlet (n): Some chairs are fitted with loose …… She ………… her knees (up) with a blanket. There’s little ………………. of foreign news in the news paper. - challenge (v) / /: Ex: She (challenge) the newspaper to prove her story. challenge (n): challenger (n): challenging (adj): This new discovery ……………. traditional beliefs. I like a ………………… job. I like my job to be a ………………… . - mystery (n) / /: a thing of which the cause or origin is unknown or impossible to explain mysterious (adj) / /: mysteriously (adv): mysteriousness (n): She gave me a ……………… look. The main witness had …… disappeared. He’s a bit of a ……………………………. - beneath (prep.) under sb/ st - lie (v) – lied: lie (n): lie (v) – lay – lain (V ing: lying): - overcome (v) – overcame: Ex: We will …………… that difficulty when we get to it. - submarine (n) / /: submarine (adj): submariner (n): - investigate (v) / /: investigation (n): investigative (adj) = investigatory: investigator (n): The police are ……………… the murder. The matter is under ……………………. Accident ………………. found out the causes of air crashes. - sea bed: đáy biển - sample (n) / /: - marine (adj) / /: marine (n) The Marines: mariner (n) marine life: life in the sea - satellite (n) / /: - a wide range of: - precious (adj) / /= valuable: precious (adv): precious (n): preciously (adv): preciousness (n): She talks about nothing except her ……………………. car. - fall into st – fell – fallen: to be able to be divided into st Ex: The lesson is ……………. into three parts. - live on st (v): sống nhờ vào cái gì, sống bằng cái gì Ex: You can’t live on 200 calories a day. - depend on sb/ st = rely on (v): nhờ vào, dựa vào Ex: We …………… on the radio for news. depend on st (v): tuỳ thuộc Ex: A lot work will ………………… on how she responds to the challenge dependable (adj): dependability (n): dependably (adv): dependant (n) (= dependent (US)): dependence (n): dependency (n): dependent (adj) # independent dependently (adv) # independently She is a ………………… friend. Find a job and end your ………………… on your parents. He is …………………… on his parents. - bottom (n): - starfish (n): - shark (n): - dolphin (n): - jellyfish (n): - seal (n): - turtle (n): - tiny (adj) = small: - current (n) / /: - water current Ex: She had to swim against the current. - oversized (n) / /: oversized (adj): Ex: Many children are being taught in oversized classes. - contribute (v) / /: contribution (n): contributory: Everyone should ………… what he or she can afford. The editor is short of ……………… for the May issue. - diversity (n) / / biodiversity (n) - maintain (v) / /: maintenance (n) - at stake: - refer to (v): - surround (n) / /: surrounding (adj): surroundings (n): - balance (n) / /: balance (v) balanced (adj): - analyse (v) / /: analysis (n): analytic = analytical (adj): analytically (adv): analyst (n): in the last/ final analysis: suy cho cùng By …………… the parts of the sentence we learn more about English Grammar. He presented a detailed ………………. of the situation. - experiment (n) / /: experiment (v): experimentation (n): experimental (adj): experimentally (adv): The researcher are repeating the ………… on rats. Many people object to ……………… on animals. We are using the substance ……………. at first. - organism (n) / /: a living being Fill each gap with one suitable word with the first letter give: 1. Our teacher divided the class ………………………… smaller groups for discussion. 2. The ocean …………………………… 75% of the earth’s surface. 3. Scientific devices have ……………………… used to …………………………… the ocean depth. 4. Clean air provides us with a healthy source of …………………………. 5. A male whale can grow up to 18 …………………… long. 6. All of the rivers………………………… into the sea. 7. One of the most dangerous sea ……………………… is the ………………………. 8. ………………… and whales can use sounds in ways ………………………………… to a human language. 9. Her mother gave ……………………………… to a healthy baby last night. 10. The boy always ………………………… the difficulty whenever he gets to it. - rubbish (n) / /: rubbish (v): rubbishy (adj): plastic (n): plastic (adj): plasticity (n): plastic bag: Many items in daily use are made out of …………… - dustbin (n) (US: garbage can, trash- can): - sparing (adj): (with, of, in s.t): sparingly (adv): not wasting st - fish (n) plural: fish/ fishes fishy (adj) fish (v): fisherman (n): fishery (n): There’s something rather …………. going on here. I often …………… at weekend. I often go …………… at weekend. - species (n): - dispose (v): - dispose of sb/ st: to get rid of st that one does not want or cannot keep disposed (adj) (to do st): - herbicide (n): a substance that is poisonous to plants, used to destroy plants growing where they are not wanted - pesticide (n): a chemical substance used to kill insect - fertilize (v): fertilization (n): fertilizer (n): Flowers are often …………. by bees as they gather nectar. (hút mật) Get some more …………… for the garden. - release sb/ st from st (v): to allow a person or an animal to come out of a place release from st (n): - threat (n): threaten sb (with st) (v): threateningly (adv): - consequence (n): in consequence of st: consequent (adj) on/ upon st: consequently (adv): My car broke down and ……………… I was late. - butt (n): - explosive (n): explosive (adj): explosively (adv) - spill from/ out of st: spill (n): spillage (n): spill (n): - litter (n) litter st (up) (with st): litter-bin/ litter-basket: litter-lout (n) (US: litter-bug): - mammal (n): mammalian (adj) - entire (adj): entirely (adv) entirety (n): The …………… village was destroyed. Although they are twins, they look …………… different. We must examine the problem in its …………………………. - whale (n): whale (v, n): hunt for whales whaler (n): whaling (n): whalebone (n): - krill (n): - migrate / mai’greit/= transmigrate (v): to move from one habitat to another according to the seasons migrant (n): migration = transmigration (n): migratory (adj): These birds ………………… to North Africa in winter. - bear (v) – born: birth (n) give birth - calf (n): plural: calves - conservation (n): preservation of the natural environment and wildlife conservationist (n): conservation area: She is interested in ……………. - sperm whale (n): - carnivore (n): carnivorous (adj): - squid (n): (v): - gestation (n): the process of carrying a young person or animal inside the mother’s body for the period before birth - span (n): (v): (adj) life span: the length of time that st is likely to live - accidental (adj): accidentally (adv) - entrap (v) sb/st by/ in st: entrapment (n): - range (n): (v): - habitat (n): the natural environment of an animal or plant habitation (n): û - offspring (n): a child, the young of an animal GRAMMAR POINTS 1. Should: Should là động từ hình thái, được dùng để diễn đạt: a. Trách nhiệm, bổn phận: Ex: You should send this letter before September 5 th . She should clean her room. b. Xin lời khuyên hoặc đưa ra lời đề nghò: Ex: Shoul I call her? S + suggest + S + should + Bare inf. + … Ex: He suggests that I should leave for Paris. c. Nói rằng điều gì có thể xảy ra (theo sự suy đoán hợp lí), moat mong đợi: Ex: Hồng should get here soon. She has just called me. It should rain tomorrow. d. Để chỉ giả thiết: Ex: I should help her if I were you. If it should rain, I won’t come. e. Ngoài rat a còn dùng should với những cấu trúc sau: It + is/ was + adj + that + S + should + Bare inf. + ………… (Các tính từ dùng trong trường hợp này: necessary, imperative, essential, vital.) Ex: It is necessary that we should help them now. Lest (e rằng) For fear (sợ rằng) Unless + S + should + Bare inf. + ………… In case If Ex: It’s raining. Don’t go out now lest you should catch a cold. You don’t do this job for fear you should be punished. f. Notes: ► Các ngữ cũng có ý nghóa tương tự như should:: had better S + ought to + Bare inf. + ……………. be supposed to Ex: John had better study tonight. ► Must/ Mustn’t có ý nghóa mạnh hơn should/ shouldn’t ( bắt buộc): Ex: You must take your passport when you travel abroad. 2. I don’t think/ believe/ suppose …… + S + V Khi chúng ta muốn đưa ra một ý phủ đònh với các động từ think/ believe/ suppose/ imagine …………, chúng ta thường dùng những động từ này ở thể phủ đònh chứ không phải động từ ở mệnh đề sau. Ex: I don’t think you have met my family. (Tôi nghó bạn chưa gặp gia đình tôi.) EXERCISES I. Choose the word in each group that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest: 1. a. dear b. clear c. year d. bear 2. a. here b. where c. wear d. pair 3. a. floor b. poor c. usually d. casual 4. a. jealous b. weather c. heavy d. ideal 5. a. four b. pour c. tour d. course II. Choose the word in each line that has different stress pattern: 1. a. carnivore b. entrapment c. herbicide d. jellyfish 2. a. dolphin b. offspring c. reveal d. challenge 3 a. submarine b. organism c. mysteries d. satellite 4. a. investigateb. technology c. diversity d. population 5. a. starfish b. maintain c. photograph d. temperature Part II: Vocabulary: Fill each gap in the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets: 1. At what (deep) ………………… does the wreck lie? 2. The government is responsible for the (provide) ………………………………… of medical services. 3. The hours of waiting at the employment center seemed (end) ………………………… me. 4. Air (polute) ……………………… has had a serious effect on human life. 5. (environment) ………………………………………… are fighting against the hunting of whales. 6. Scientists have made important (discover) …………………………………… for the last few decades. 7. The (major) …………………………… actually prefer TV to radio. 8. We should stop doing anything to (danger) ……………………………………… wildlife. 9. The safe (dispose) …………………………………… of nuclear waste is a major problem. 10. He was (accident) ………………………… hurt by a piece of glass from the broken window. 11. Scientists are (investigate) ……………………… to find out the cause of the incident. 12. Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main (challenge) ………………………… facing the government. 13. She gave me a (mystery) ……………………… look and said noting. 14. We must be careful not to do anything that might (danger) ……………………… the economic recovery. 15. Your success is (depend) …………………………… on how hard you work. Part III: Grammar I. Give advice to the following people. Use “I (don’t) think …………… should” and one of these phrases: go to the dentist take them back to the shop tell the bank wait watch videos too much go to work tell them to buy fruit drive be more careful tell the truth write to people work so hard apologise to his wife go out very night and spend money 1. Jenny and Tom are only sixteen, but they say they want to get married. (I think they should wait.) 2. Kate is crying because I knocked her over. We were playing a game. 3. Peter’s got a very bad cold. 4. Ann’s phone bill was enormous! Three hundred pounds! 5. Keith wants to drive home, but he hasn’t got his glasses. 6. Alan had a terrible quarrel with his wife at the weekend. It was his fault. 7. Ann watches videos every night. 8. David and Jane haven’t got much money. But they go out every night and spend money. II. What would you say in these situations? Add a sentence with “should (not)” and the words in parentheses Why do people often catch birds in this area? (birds/ keep/ songs) I think birds should be kept for their songs. 1. A polluted lake will kill the fish. (we/ dump/ all trash/ the lake) 2. That movie isn’t for under – sixteens. (you/ take/ younger brother/ there) 3. The precious wildlife in this national park can be disturbed. (tourist/ strictly obey/ park’s regulations) 4. Why don’t we turn off some lights? It’s too bright here. (we/ waste/ electricity) 5. Too many trees in this forest have been cut down. (trees/ preserve/ prevent floods) III. Write conditional sentences according to the ideas suggested: 1. Go right now or you will be late for the train. 2. I don’t know enough about the machine, so I can’t mend it myself. 3. Nick couldn’t find the way because he didn’t have a map. 4. I can’t look the word up because I haven’t got a dictionary. 5. John ignores Nancy, so she gets angry at him. 6. We didn’t visit our grandparents because they lived so far away. 7. Finish all exercises I have given you, or you will be punished. 8. Unless you have invitation card, you won’t be let in. 9. He wouldn’t be famous unless he acted a lot of films. 10. Linus is smart, so he finds clever solutions to life’s problems. IV. Put the verb into the correct form: 1. If my grandfather (be) still alive, he would help me solve this problem. 2. I (offer) to give you a gift if I had my car here. 3. Where (you/ choose) if you could live anywhere in the world? 4. If you (drive) from London to Glasgow, which way would you go? 5. If I (live) out of town, I (take) up the garden. 6. We (not have) any money if we (not work). 7. I (not mind) living in England if the weather (be) better. 8. If I were you, I (not wait), I (go) now. 9. If we (have) more reliable car, we (drive) to Spain rather than fly. 10. If Mr. Morgan (be) still head teacher, he (not permit) such bad behaviour. 11. If he (eat) all that, he will be ill. 12. She could give us some advice if she (be) here now. 13. What will happen if my parachute (not / open) ? 14. The baby (wake) up if you spoke louder. 15. If he had learned maths, he (not -cheat) by that salesman. 16. Will you phone if there (be) any problems ? 17. If I (know) the answer, I would tell you. 18. You (not / have) so many accidents if you drove more carefully. 19. If she (not - get) married young, she wouldn’t have had many children. 20. If he (get up) earlier, he’d get to work on time. V. Fill in blank with one proper word: Jane went ………………… London …………………… her father on a sight-…………………… tour. While staying …………………, they visited many interesting …………………… of the city. They also ………………………… shopping in Regent Street and Oxford ……………………, two famous business center not far …………………. their hotel. Choose the best answer: 1. We are going to Ha Long Bay as soon as ………………………. taking our final exam. a. we’re finish b. we’ll finish c. we’d finish d. we finish 2. Children ……………………… pingpong when their mother comes back home. a. will play b. play c. will be playing d. would play 3. I don’t mind how you deal ………………. the problem. It’s …………… you. a. with/ down on b. with/ in at c. with/ up to d. with/ over by 4. You are bad ……………… English. You should study harder. a. in b. at c. for d. with 5. If modern technology did not exist, we would never have such precious information. a. valuable b. precise c. confidential d. detailed 6. The floor was covered in tiny pieces of paper. a. unimportant b. many c. very large d. extremely small 7. We enjoy the warm water of the Gulf of Thailand. a. a small sea b. a large area of ocean almost surrounded by land c. a part of the sea enclosed by a wide curve of the shore d. a large area of water surrounded by land 8. How many offspring does a sperm whale usually have? a. eggs b. mammals c. babies d. diets 9. The country is divided ………………………………… nine regions. a. to b. on c. into d. up 10. Whale feed on krill. a. tiny shellfish b. small fish c. sea plants d. small animals 11. ……………………. is a chemical used for killing weeds. a. Pesticide b. Herbicide c. Fertilizer d. Antibiotic 12. These birds ……………………… to North Africa in winter. a. settle b. go c. relocate d. migrate 13. Whales and sharks are carnivores, ………………… means they eat meat. a. this b. that c. it d. which 14. We wondered why ……………………… leave a tip. a. to b. should we c. we should d. don’t we 15. “Would you like some cake?” “No, thanks. If I ………………… cake, I ………………. fat.” a. ate/ will get b. ate/ would get c. would eat/ could get d. am eating/ will get 16. If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I ……………………… in a bank. a. work b. will work c. have worked d. would be working 17. I really think you …………………………… go and see the doctor, you look very tired. a. would b. should c. will d. need 18. The price on this packet is wrong. It says 5,000$ but it ……………………… be 3,000$. a. would b. shouldn’t c. should d. wouldn’t 19. If I ……………………… someone else, I’d to be a film star. a. can be b. could be c. may be d. had been 20. The shrimp is a kind of …………………………… a. krill b. mammal c. plant d. fish 21. Tam ……………………… more if he ………………………. more time. a. will read/ had b. would read/ has c. read/ had d. would read/ had 22. I wonder where Mai is. She should ………………………. here by now. a. be b. to be c. being d. have been 23. I wouldn’t work for them if they ………………………… me twice my current salary. a. paid b. had paid c. have paid d. pay 24. You really ……………………. stop smoking, you know. It’s bad for you. a. must b. should c. ought d. would 25. Here ……………………… notebook and report that I promised you last week. a. is the b. has been a c. was the d. are the 26. I think the problem can be got ……………………… without too much difficult. a. over b. through c. into d. on 27. Tom really ………………………… go out. He has too much homework to do. a. can’t b. shouldn’t c. wouldn’t d. oughtn’t 28. What would you do if you …………………………by a snake. a. are bitten b. had been bitten c. were bitten d. has been bitten 29. If we took the 10:30 train we ………………………… arrive early. a. should b. may c. will d. would 30. ……………………………. refers to the existence of different plants and animals in a place. a. undersea b. plant c. biodiversity d. marine 31. The cause of the fire is being investigated. a. examined b. endangered c. booked d. checked 32. it was great to see monkeys in their natural habitat. a. sky b. land c. forest d. home 33. We’ll only be able to come if we can get some time off. a. We’ll only be able to come unless we can get some time off. b. We’ll not only be able to come unless we can get some time off. c. We would only be able to come if we can get some time off. d. We wouldn’t only be able to come if we can get some time off. 34. photos/ the/ take/ a/ in/ London/ last week/ studio. a. The photos were taken in a London studio last week. b. The photos was taken in a London studio last week. c. The photos have been taken in a London studio last week. d. The photos had been taken in a London studio last week. 35. If only you’d come, …………………………………… a. I’ll the happiest girl alive. b. I’d have had a lovely time. c. I look forward to it. 36. Thanks to the doctor’s help, ……………………………………… a. I would still feel bad now otherwise. b. I would tell much better. c. I feel fine now. There is a mistake in the four underlined parts of each sentence. Circle the mistake: 37. (a) Can you (b) turn the television up (c) a bit? It’s (d) too loud. 38. (a) Can you look (b) the plane (c) in (d) the sky? 39. If you had (a) the chance (b) to meet famous (c) writers, what (d) do you ask them? 40. (a) Have you ever (b) learned (c) how to do (d) a cake? 41. If he (a) didn’t speak (b) so quick, we could (c) understand (d) him. 42. Whales are (a) under danger (b) because of the (c) incsease in the number of (d) hunters. 43. (a) Will Linh (b) mind if I (c) took his motorbike without (d) asking him? 44. I would be (a) surprise if Phöông (b) would agree to (c) lend you (d) some money. 45. Do you (a) think I (b) ought (c) apply (d) for this job. 46. If (a) driver obeyed the (b) speed limit, (c) fewer accidents (d) occur. READING COMPREHENSION A. Read the passage carefully and then choose the best answer. Man is a land animal, but he is closely tied to the sea. Throughout history, the sea has served the needs of man. The sea provided man with food and convenient way to travel to many parts of the world. Today, nearly two-thirds of the world’s population lives within 80 kilometres of the seacoast. In the modern technological world, the sea offers many resources to help humankind survive. Resources on land are beginning to be used up. The sea, however, still can be hoped to supply many of man’s needs. The list of riches of the sea yet to be developed by man’s technology is impressive. Oil and gas exploration have been carried out for nearly 30 years. Valuable amounts of mineral exist on the ocean floor ready to be mined. Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food. The culture of fish and shellfish is an ancient skill practised in the past mainly by the Oriental people. Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new source of energy. Experts believe that the warm temperature of the ocean can be used in a way similar to the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents and waves offer possible use as a source of energy. Technology is enabling man to explore ever more deeply under sea. The development of strong, new materials has made this possible. The technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. Experts believe that by the year 2020 the problems that prevent us exploiting fully the food, minerals and energy sources of the sea will be largely solved. 47. The major thing that the sea offers man is _____________. 48. The sea serves the needs of man because _____________. 49. We can conclude from this passage that __________. 50. The words “Oriental people” in underlined probably mean _____________. 51. The best title for this passage is _____________. B. Read the passage and choose the part (A, B, C or D) that best fits each numbered blank WHALES How far would you travel for a good meal? If you were a humpback whale, the answer would be five thousand miles. These large sea animals travel at least that far from their winter home off the (56)……… of Columbia to their summer (57) ………. areas off Antarctica. The distance covered by some types of whale is amazing, especially when you (58) ………. their enormous size. The blue whale is the largest animal that has ever (59) ……. and it can weigh as much as thirty elephants. It (60) ………. as no surprise, therefore, to hear the ancient folk legends tell of sailors (61) ………. these creatures for islands. The more we (62) ………. about whales, the more wonderful they seem. Some species can (63) ……. their breath for more than an hour and dive to a (64) ………. of over 2,000 meters. They use a system of sounds (65) ……. as echo- location to find the fish they eat and they have further sounds to keep in (66) ……. with each other. The noises they (67) ……… can travel hundreds of miles under water. Some species seem to sing complicated songs which (68) ……. of number of separate themes, sung in a specific order which can (69) ………. up to half an hour or more. If you ever get the (70) ……… To see one of these great creatures in the wild, you will understand why they have inspired so many legends. 52. A. beach B. coach C. seaside D. ground 53. A. feeding B. dining C. eating D. chewing 54. A. view B. think C. consider D. believe 55. A. been B. stayed C. born D. lived 56. A. gets B. comes C. goes D. seems 57. A. supposing B. mixing C. confusing D. mistaking 58. A. find out B. look out C. show up D. turn up 59. A. store B. keep C. hold D. save 60. A. depth B. length C. width D. breadth 61. A. called B. known C. referred D. named 62. A. reach B. touch C. call D. range 63. A. provide B. propose C. process D. produce 64. A. consist B. compose C. include D. involve 65. A. long B. last C. play D. give 66. A. break B. choice C. chance D. luck . UNIT 9: UNDERSEA WORLD - ocean (n) / /: The Pacific Ocean: Atlantic Ocean: Indian Ocean:. at first. - organism (n) / /: a living being Fill each gap with one suitable word with the first letter give: 1. Our teacher divided the class …………………………