Pollution is the fouling of the environment – that is, land, water and air – by waste, smoke, chemicals and other harmful substances.. Every industrial country faces the problem of waste[r]
(1)PRACTICE TEST 02 – Teacher: Mrs Phan Thi Loan I Pronunciation
Choose the word that is stressed differently from that of the other words a A symbolic B historic C fantastic D comic b A ceramic B specific C oceanic D aquatic c A geographic B energetic C arithmetic D economic d A romantic B phonetic C classical D linguistic II Vocabulary
1 What are the effects of pollution on the environment and on the people? Look at the labeled pictures and complete the table
headache Hole in the ozone layer
smog Disease /
sickness
Chemical reaction
Skin rash
burn Breathing
problem
Acid rain stomachache deafness weakness Effects of pollution on people Effects of pollution on the environment
2 Match a word in column A with it definition in column B.
A B
a Light pollution the release of unwanted radioactive material into the environment
b Noise pollution the destruction of the earth's surface caused by the misuse of resources and improper dumping of waste
c Land pollution anything unattractive or visually damaging to the nearby landscape
d Air pollution the contamination of air by smoke and harmful gases
e Visual pollution any loud sounds that are either harmful or annoying to humans and animals
f Thermal pollution the brightening of the night sky preventing us from seeing stars by improper lighting of
communities
g Water pollution the increase of temperature caused by human activity
h Radioactive pollution the contamination of any body of water, such as lakes, groundwater, oceans, etc
3 Choose the best answer.
Many human activities over the last 200 years have been responsible (a) ………… polluting the air and (b) ………… people’s health Automobile engines and power plants (c) ………… combustible fuels like gasoline and coal and allow (d) ………… gases and smoke to escape into the (e) ……… Some pollutants help destroy the ozone (f) ……… , which is the thin blanket of gases that protects Earth from the Sun’s (g) ………… ultraviolet rays Other pollutants contribute (h) ………… global warming by adding to the planet’s natural greenhouse effect Still others help to create (i) ……… rain, a
(2)a A into B of C at
b A healing B breathing C damaging
c A burn B burned C burning
d A noisy B fluid C toxic
e A air B land C water
f A liar B lawyer C layer
g A hazard B hazardous C hazards
h A in B to C into
i A harmful B toxic C acid
4 Give the correct form of the words in the brackets in each of the following sentences. a elements have been found in both ground and underground water sources (pollute) b The soil becomes because of the use of so many pesticides and fertilizers (contaminate) c People believe that the water has brought cancer to the local residents (pollute)
d A number of cleaning products contain chemicals (harm)
e Astronomers are concerned about light because they have in viewing activities in the sky and out space (difficult)
f waste spills can contaminate groundwater (industry) g Noise is considers as pollution (environment)
h Water samples collected at these villages were seriously with bacterial (contaminate) i habitats have been destroyed in recent years (nature)
j Light pollution makes us to see the stars in the sky (able) III Grammar
1 Give the correct form of verb.
a If I (study) _, I (pass) _ the exams
b If the sun (shine) , we (walk) _ to the town c If he (have) a temperature, he (see) _ the doctor d If my friends (come) _, I (be) very happy
e If she (earn) _ a lot of money, she (fly) _ to New York f If we (travel) _ to London, we (visit) _ the museums
g If you (wear) sandals in the mountains, you (slip) on the rocks h If you (wear) sandals in the mountains, you (slip) on the rocks i If Rita (forget) _ her homework, the teacher (give) _ her a low mark j If they (go) to the disco, they (listen) _ to loud music k If you (wait) a minute, I (ask) my parents
2 Give the correct form of verb.
a If it (rain) , the children (not go) for a walk
b If she (not read) the novel, she (not pass) the literature test c If I (not argue) _ with my father, he (lend) _ me his motorbike d If we (take) _ the bus, we (not arrive) in time
e If Dick (not buy) _ the book, his friends (be) _ angry with him
f If Tom (not tidy up) his room, Victoria (not help) _ him with the muffins
g If the boys (not play) _ football, the girls (not come) _ to the football pitch
h If you (eat) _ too much junk food, you (not lose) _ weight i If I (not make) _ breakfast tomorrow morning, my girlfriend (not love) _ me anymore
j If they (not hurry) , they (not catch) _ the train k If we meet at 9:30, we (to have) _ plenty of time
l If we (to send) _ an invitation, our friends (to come) _ to our party m He (not/ to understand) you if you (to whisper)
n They (not/ to survive) in the desert if they (not/ to take) extra water with them o If you (to press) CTRL + S, you (to save) the file
3 Choose the correct answer.
a If I ……… you, I ……… buy this hat
A was/would B were/would C were/will D A&B b If I were in your shoes, I……… that
(3)c If I ………a little taller, I would be able to water the plant A am B was C were D B &C d If I ……… 20 years younger, I………her
A were/would love B am/will love C were/ loves D had/would love e If I were you, I ………… go the the supermarket to buy food
A will B can C may D would f If he were to …, I would accept
A came B comes C come D had come 4 Answer the questions in the way shown.
For example:
A: Shall we catch the 10.30 train?
B: No (arrive too early) If we caught the 10.30 train, we would arrive too early a A: Is Kevin going to take his driving test?
B: No (fail) If he b A: Why don't we stay at a hotel?
B: No (cost too much) If c A: Is Sally going to apply for the job?
B: No (no/get it) If d A: Let's tell them the truth
B: No (not/believe us) If e A: Why don't we invite Bill to the party?
B: No (have to invite his friends too)……… V Reading
1 Read the text and the tasks below.
Saving the planet
Years ago there wasn't a problem with rubbish because things like plastic and disposable nappies hadn't been invented There wasn't so much packaging on items you bought either But now with everything so over packaged wrapped and disposable we are suffering the consequences of far too much waste The trouble is not everything can be recycled or will rot away You used to be able to get a refund on glass bottles when you took them back to the shop Now they are either collected from your house by the council or you can take them to a bottle bank
The fact that paper can be recycled and is easy to dispose is great, but remember paper is made from trees, which are important to the environment The rainforests have been slowly disappearing for a while now We need them not just because it helps with the climate They are important as like all plants they give us oxygen They are also a home to many animals who rely on them for their survival
The best waste is organic, dead leaves; carrot tops, onion skins and so on all rot down and make fertile soil This in turn will help the plants and vegetables giving them much needed food So if you are able to have a compost heap in your garden you'll be helping the environment and your garden will love you for it
Acid rain is another serious problem it is damaging to plants and is caused by pollutants such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides These come from the burning of coal, oil and gas
Dropping litter is not just a lazy thing to it makes work for other people, is bad for the environment and looks ugly So think before you drop litter either bin it or keep it and then bin it
When rivers and seas are polluted by waste we are not only stealing their beauty but were spoiling it for ourselves too Our health can also suffer Sadly accidents occur; oil slicks sometimes happen and wreck the environment Animals tend to suffer the most from these incidents We should really have in place something that will prevent so much destruction, rather than just waiting for it to happen, then trying to clean up the damage
Nuclear waste has been the cause of controversy over the years Radioactive material leaking out would be very serious indeed, it can cause real harm This is why it is the most worrying
Although we are trying to stop the hole in the ozone layer getting any bigger, nuclear waste is still a serious problem The ozone layer protects us from harmful ultra - violet rays Its hole has been caused by chlorofluorocarbons (cfc's) a chemical that was found in some products Refrigerators used to contain them So we care enough about the earth we have inherited and our passing onto future generations? Or is it now all too late to anything? Each one of us can make a difference and each and every one of us is responsible to the environment It takes care of us; we should take care of it
(4)1.1 Say who or what the following words refer to (Giải thích đại từ sau thay cho danh từ trong bài):
a them -b they -c them -d us e who f them g these -h their i these -j we -k them -l it -1.2 True or False.
a Some years ago diapers weren’t used b Nowadays products are over packaged c Some products are difficult to destroy
d Both animals and humans need trees to survive e Acid rain is caused by organic waste
f Ozone layer depletion and nuclear waste are two most serious problems g It’s useless for us to try and make a healthier environment
2 Read the passage and the tasks below.
Pollution
A Pollution is the fouling of the environment – that is, land, water and air – by waste, smoke, chemicals and other harmful substances Every industrial country faces the problem of waste As factories make new goods for people to buy, old ones are thrown out with the household trash Burning this garbage pollutes the air; throwing it in rivers and seas pollutes the water; and rubbish tips are unpleasant and take up much- needed space Getting rid of plastic is particularly difficult- with time wood and paper decay through action of bacteria, but plastics never decay
B As industry needs a regular supply of raw materials, the best solution to the problem of waste is to make use of it as a raw material by reusing or ‘recycling’ it For example, old cars can be taken apart and the valuable metal used again
C The world’s oceans have been used as ‘dustbins’, with millions of tons of litter being thrown into the seas every year, endangering marine life If too much sewage is poured into sea, lakes and rivers the water can no longer dilute it – all the oxygen gets used up and the fish die The bacteria which normally break down the refuse into harmless matter also die; only harmful bacteria which not need air remain, and these cause disease
D In the 1950s, people in Japan became ill with a new disease, named Minamata disease It was found that they had been eating tuna fish containing mercury The mercury had come from chemicals poured into the sea by factories
E Smoke from factories and gases from motor vehicles pollute the air Chemicals in the air combine with the wetness in the air make acids, which eat away stone and brick, and damage buildings Carbon monoxide gas and substances called hydrocarbons – given out by the engines of cars and lorries and buses – can damage people’s health
F Smog formed by chemical reactions among the fumes (gases) in strong sunlight darkens the skies It is bad for health, especially for people with lung problems Smog also damages trees and other plant life G Chemicals in the fumes, especially from coal – fired power stations mix with moisture to make acid rain which may fall hundreds of kilometers away
(5)algae (a very small sea plant) grow so fast that they use up all the oxygen in the water, and kill all life in it
J Nuclear energy has two main drawbacks It can result in accidents, as at Chernobyl in the Soviet Union in 1986 It also produces radioactive wastes which need to be dealt with By its very nature this form of deadly pollution will be around for thousands of years The present solution is to put away radioactive waste in concrete and bury them or drop them to the sea bed But we cannot go on doing this forever K Making our world free of pollution is an unimaginably big task There are so many people, for one thing Also many governments and big companies are slow to act, since anti pollution measures are not welcome or are expensive Many people like the idea of reducing pollution, but not when it changes the way they live
L Pollution must be controlled, and the sooner the better It will cost a great deal, both in terms of money and a change of life style For example, acid rain can be stopped by checking the harmful fumes before they go out from power stations chimneys This may push up the price of electricity Perhaps the packaging of goods in bright plastic and the ‘throw away’ culture should also be discouraged
M There are different pollutants (substances which cause pollution) in the modern world Scientists are trying to find ways to avoid using them so as to bring back the ‘balance of nature’ which man has upset 2.1 Choose correct answer.
a Pollution refers to:
A cleaning of land, water and air
B fouling of the environment by waste, smoke, chemicals and other harmful substances C closing down of factories
b Getting rid of plastics is particularly difficult because A they never decay, unlike wood and paper
B they can never be broken down into pieces C they cannot be burnt
c When too much sewage is poured into the sea
A the water turns brown B the sea water turns salty C it kills marine life d “Recycling” means
A using bicycles instead of cars and other motor vehicles B the build-up of carbon monoxide in the upper layer of air C using waste materials again for making new things
e When chemicals in fertilizers are washed from the soil into rivers A this river water helps plants grow very fast
B plants on the land die
C they make algae grow very fast they use up all the oxygen in the water and kill all the life in it
2.2 Find the words in the passage which best fit the meanings given below A paragraph letter tells you where to look (Tìm từ phù hợp với định nghĩa cho đoạn văn Các đoạn văn được đánh dấu bảng chữ để bạn tìm được):
a causing danger (C) b make a liquid thinner (C) _ c chemicals used to kill insects (I) d difficulties or disadvantages (J) e keep away from (M) _ 2.3 Answer the following questions.
a The world’s oceans have become dustbins How?
b Name the disease that caused because of eating tuna fish
c What is the harmful effect of sewage poured into the sea and lakes?
d What is green house effect?
e Write two drawbacks of nuclear energy
f Making our world free of pollution is a big task Why?
g Name some of the pollutants that cause pollution?
(6)h How does smog affect our life and plant life?
i What will happen to the low – lying lands if polar ice caps melt?
j Do fertilizers and insecticides cause pollution? How?
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