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tin dung giup cho nganh cao su cua tinh phat trien, hdn ntta trien vpng phat trie'n cua nganh cao su Gia Lai eung da dttdc lanh dao tinh danh gia tdng hdp qua nhieu nam va quy hoaeh [r]
(1)• I l l ' SINH VIEN & NGHIEN CUfU KHOA HQC
TIN DUNG NGAN HANG DOI VOfI PHAT TRIEN NGANH CAO SU GIA LAI
Nguyen Tan Hoang BIDV Gia Lai
• m ^ ^Tghien cdu ndy nham ddnh gid tinh hinh ddu td tin dung ngdn hdng ddi v&i f ^ k / ngdnh cao su Gia Lai thdi gian qua Nghien cdu tap trung vdo cdc vdn
I ^^M de ve nguon vdn ngdn hdng ddu td vdo ngdnh cao su, tdi sdn ddm bdo ntf vay,
^ L yf thu tuc vay vdn, ldi sudt cho vay ddi vdi ngdnh cao su vd ndng lde cdn bg Td
do diia cdc gidi phdp nhdm phdt trien ngdnh cao su tinh Gia Lai Trong gidi phdp ve nguon vdn ddu td cho cao su bao gom: md rgng huy dgng vdn td khu vdc ddn cd; huy dgng nguon vdn re td trung dotng, nguon vdn uy thdc cua cdc to chdc vd ngodi nddc; huy dgng vdn td ben ngodi; thdnh lap quy tin dung ddu td phdt trien rieng cho sdn xudt cao su; dong thdi ket hcfp eo hieu qud ecu: nguon vdn ddu td Gidi phdp ve chinh sdch bao ddm tien vay vd ket hcfp linh hoat cdc Men phdp ddm bdo tien vay Cdc gidi phdp ve cdi tien thu tue vay vdn, ndng cao ndng lde cdn bg vd ldi sudt cho vay
Dat van de
Qua gan 20 nam hinh t h a n h va phat trien (ke ttt tach tinh Gia Lai va Kon Tum nam 1991) nen kinh te Gia Lai da cd nhieu thay ddi va phat trien dn dinh vtti tdc dp tang trttdng kinh te' tren 12% mdi nam Tuy nhien, nen kinh te' chu yeu van la nong nghiep vtti cac loai cay trdng thu Ittt nhtt ca phe, cao su, tieu, mia, sttn, dieu Trong dd, cao su la mpt loai tay mang lai gia tri kinh te tao, da giai quyet dttdt cdng an viet lam cho hang ngan lao ddng va ddng vai tro quan trpng viec phat trien, dn dinh kinh te dia phttdng ndi rieng; ddng thtti gdp phan dam bao chinh tri xa hdi va an ninh qud'c phong cho khu vttc vanh dai bien gitti ndi ehung
Tuy nhien tiem nang cua nganh cao su tinh Gia Lai chtta dttdc khai thac, phat huy mpt each hieu qua, triet de Nhttng ban che dd nhieu nguyen nhan, ma mdt nhttng nguyen nhan la chtta dttttc dau ttt vd'n diing mttc Tdng ngudn vd'n dau ttt cho nganh cao su thtti gian qua khoang 5.400 ty ddng Trong dd, ngudn vdn ngan sach dau ttt cho nganh cao su khoang 600 ty ddng (chie'm 10%/tdng ngudn vd'n dau ttt cho nganh cao su) va vdn ttt Ittc dau ttt cua doanh nghiep, hp gia dinh
|c6nanah ngan hang
So 62»Thang 05/2011
tho nganh tao su la 1.300 ty ddng, edn lai la vd'n vay ngan h a n g [2]
Trong bai viet nay, tac gia danh gia thttt trang vd'n tin dung ngan h a n g va de tat giai phap tin dung gdp phan phat trien nganh tao su tinh Gia Lai
Thtfc trang dau id tin dung ngan hang doi vtti nganh cao su tinh Gia Lai
Nguon von cho cao su
Bang cho tha'y dtt nd eho vay nganh tao su tren dia ban chiem ti tttdng ddi tren tdng dtt nd cua t a t ngan hang tren dia ban va ty trpng dtt nd giam dan qua cac nam sau Nhtt vay, vi tri cua nganh cao su ludn la phan
B a n g 1: Cho v a y n g a n h c a o s u c u a cac n g a n h a n g tren dia ban tinh Gia Lai tii n a m 2005 d e n 30/9/2010
Nam
Tone du n(^
Du n(/ nganh cao su -Ngan han -Tmng, dai
han
Ty tr^ng dir n^ nganh cao su (%)
2005
8.265.282 1.339.7 IS
285.867 1,053.848 16.21
2006
10,345,836 1.616.607
347,975
1,268,632 IS.63
2007
14,380 153 1.513.498
270,083 1,243,415 10.52
2008
15,552,165 1.270.551
254,724 1,015,827
S.I7
Don vj tinh 2009
18,903,479 I.2S9.0S7
336,293 952,794 6,82
tneu dong 3092010
20,942,757 1.308.722
331,332 977,390 6.25
(2)SINH VIEN & NGHIEN ClJfU KHOA HQC 1 1
quan trpng khdng chi ddi vdi n e n k i n h te cua tinh Gia Lai m a cdn gitt vai trd r a t quan t r p n g ddi vdi boat ddng n g a n h a n g t r e n dia b a n t i n h Gia Lai
Dtt nd cho vay t r u n g h a n ddi vtti n g a n h cao su giam tac doanh n g h i e p vay vdn t r u n g dai han dau ttt dtt a n t r d n g cao su da den giai doan CO doanh thu t r a nd vay n g a n h a n g va doanh sd vay mdi t h a p h d n doanh sd t r a nd vay n g a n hang Vd'n vay n g a n h a n g giam dan mpt p h a n nganh tao su luon td lai cao n e n cac doanh nghiep, hd gia d i n h tich luy dttdc ngudn vd'n de tai dau ttt md r d n g s a n xua't; p h a n k h a c nhu tau vd'n de dau ttt md r d n g dien t i t h cao su dai dien va cao su tieu dien cang Ittn nhttng vd'n vay tai cat n g a n h a n g t a n g t h a m , khong tttdng xttng vtti t d t dp p h a t t r i e n cua nganh tao su
Ngoai ra, nhu cau ngudn von trung, dai de' dau ttt cho n g a n h cao su r a t ldn, nhttng cac ngan hang chi mtti dap ttng dttdc ngudn ngttn ban Nhieu dtt a n t r d n g mtti, cham soc cao su va mua sam may mdc t h i e t bi, xay dttng n h a xttdng che bien mu cao su ddi hdi ngudn vd'n dai ban, nhttng budc phai vay vdn n g a n b a n de dau ttt, dSn den khach hang kh6ng du ngudn thu de tra nd khoan vay ngan han, budc ngan hang phai giam mttc cho vay va dieu da gay khong it khd khan cho viec md rpng kinh doanh tiia khath hang
lai Thtti gian hinh t h a n h gia tri vttttn cay cao su, dac biet t a t dtt an trdng mtti tao su td thtti gian xay dttng ctt ban len den bay n a m mdi dtta vao khai t h a t , quy m6 dtt an cao su dai dien cang khd tiep can vdn tin dung ngan hang
Thu tuc vay vdn
Mac du cac ngan hang da tich cttc cai each thu tuc cho vay nhttng van cdn phttc tap, thtti gian xet duyet cho vay keo dai gay phien ha, lam cho khach hang cd ttt tttttng ngai tiep can vtti viec vay vdn
Nang lde cdn bg
Van cdn tinh trang can bp quan he khach hang (can bp tin dung), can bd quan ly rtti ro (can bd t h a m dinh) va xet duyet cho vay cdn yeu kem nghiep vu; tham dinh, xet duyet nhieu m a n g tinh cam tinh, chu quan, thieu khoa hpc, thttc tien va dac biet thien ve tai san the chap hdn la tinh hieu qua cua dtt an dau ttt
Phttdng p h a p lam viec chua khoa hpc, k h a n a n g t h a m dinh cac dtt an, phUdng an san xuat k i n h doanh, n h a t la nhttng dtt an Ittn, dtt a n phttc hop nhieu linh vttc yeu Dieu a n h httttng r a t Ittn den chat Ittdng tin dung va k h a n a n g canh t r a n h ciia cac ngan hang Do vay boat dpng n g a n h a n g ben canh van de dao dttc nghe nghiep, phai am hieu ve cac nghiep vu ngan hang
Tai sdn bao ddm Ldi sudt cho vay
Hau het k h a t h h a n g vay vdn hien de phat trien nganh cao su tren dia ban tinh Gia Lai la vay cd dam bao bang tai san Hien tai ngan hang xem tai san dam bao la mot nhttng dieu kien tien quyet de cho vay; cho vay tin chap trttc tiep ddi vdi hd gia dinh hoac thdng qua td vay vdn, cac hiep hdi, doan the, td thttc t h i n h tri - xa hpi ton rat ban t h e Do vay mot sd doanh nghiep va hp gia dinh tdn gap phai van de dam bao nd vay, tai san dam bao chii yeu tiia ngtttti trdng cao su la tai san h i n h t h a n h tttttng
Ddi vtti n g a n h cao su, trttdc n a m 2004 cac doanh nghiep vay vdn dau ttt dtt an trdng, k i n h doanh cay eao su dttdc ttu dai ve lai suat vay thong qua Ngan h a n g Dau ttt va P h a t trien Viet Nam Theo dd cac doanh nghiep n h a nudc dttdc vay theo lai suat ttu dai, t h i dinh cua n h a nttttc t h a p hdn lai suat thttdng mai tai thtti diem vay ttt 3-5%' P h a n chenh lech gitta lai suat cho vay ttu dai va lai suat thi trttttng, n h a nuttc se thttc h i e n cap bu cho ngan h a n g h a n g nam Ttt n a m 2004, viec hd trd lai suat ddi vtti n g a n h
Congnghengan hang
(3)I l l SINH VIEN & NGHIEN cufu KHOA HQC
cao su chuyen s a n g Quy hd t r d p h a t t r i e n (nay la N g a n h a n g P h a t t r i e n Viet N a m ) ; ddi tttttng vay vd'n dttttc mtt r d n g r a cho t a t ca t a t t h a n h p h a n k i n h te' Tuy n h i e n , viee eho vay t h i t a p t r u n g vao k h a i h o a n g t r d n g mtti t a o su, k h d n g cho vay c h a m sdc cao su t r o n g thtti gian k i e n thie^t cd b a n Ddng thdi dieu k i e n cho vay va t h u tuc vay vdn tai N g a n h a n g P h a t t r i e n h e t sttc nhieu lehe phttt t a p n e n ed it dttn vi, ca n h a n tiep can dttdc ngudn vd'n
Cac giai p h a p n h a m p h a t t r i e n n g a n h c a o s u t i n h Gia Lai
Dinh hddng chinh sdch
D i n h httttng dau ttt t i n dung nhieu n g a n h a n g chtta ro r a n g [4], cdn nhieu b a t cap, de dau t u tin dung cd hieu qua, a n t o a n t h i p h a i xac d i n h dttttc diing huttng dau ttt va khdi Ittdng dau ttt cu t h e Vd'n n g a n h a n , vd'n t r u n g dai h a n , ngudn v6'n vay cua n g a n h a n g , vdn ttt cd t u a k h a t h h a n g va xu httttng p h a t t r i e n cua n g a n h t a o su nhtt t h e nao, de xac d i n h suat dau ttt, d i n h mttc cho vay va thtti h a n cho vay hop ly, ttt dd mtti p h a t huy tdt vai trd eua tin dung n g a n h a n g , gop p h a n thttt day p h a t t r i e n s a n xuat n g a n h cao su tai dia phttdng
Nguon vdn eho cao su
- Mtt r d n g huy dpng vdn ttt khu vttc d a n ctt:
day la ngudn vdn on d i n h va lau dai, ne'u k h a i thae, tiep t h i tdt t h i k h a n a n g ve ngudn v6'n n a y r a t Ittn T a m ly ngtttti d a n d n n g t h o n van thttdng tich luy t a i s a n dtttti d a n g v a n g va USD, hp mua sttm v a n g va USD cat trtt tai n h a dd lam tai san H i e n nay, gia v a n g t a n g len n h a n h t h d n g n e n viee huy dpng vdn cua d a n ttt se gap nhieu kho k h a n , lam de d a n ctt k h d n g dau ttt vao v a n g va USD la mdt v a n de k h n g ddn gian Ben canh viec n h a nttttc p h a i cd chinh sach linh b o a t de dn dinh t h i trttttng vang, ty gia ngoai te t h i cac n g a n h a n g thttdng m a i can cd nhttng ehinh sach de thu hUt k h a c h h a n g gtti tien
riM ngan hang
So 62 • T h a n g 05/2011
(4)SINH VIEN & NGHIEN CUfU KHOA HOC „ 1
tinh va cac t a p t h i n h quyen t i n h kien nghi vdi trung ttdng, quan t a m hdn ntta ddi vtti boat ddng n g a n h a n g a mdt t i n h cdn nhieu khd k h a n nhtt t i n h Gia Lai Chi n h a n h N g a n hang N h a nttttt t i n h Gia Lai p h a i la dau mdi gitta t a t ngan h a n g thttttng mai t r e n dia ban va Uy ban N h a n dan t i n h Gia Lai de xay dttng ke hoaeh ngudn vd'n cho viet p h a t t r i e n n g a n h cao su tai dia phttttng, t r e n td sd dd t r i n h dtt an xin tac ngudn vd'n uy t h a c ttt trung ttdng cua t a t td thttc nttdt ngoai Khi td dttdt ngudn vdn ldn, dai h a n , dia phttdng se ehu ddng hdn viec p h a t t r i e n n g a n h cao su mpt each dn dinh va ben vttng
- Huy dpng vd'n ttt b e n ngoai: t h n g qua cat chttdng t r i n h xuc tien dau ttt va keu gpi dau ttt ttt cac tinh t h a n h ca nUttc, dac biet la Ha Noi va Tp Hd Chi Minh Tinh Gia Lai ap dung nhieu chinh sach ttu dai de thu hut cac n h a dau ttt ngoai t i n h den dau ttt vao cac dtt a n cua tinh dd td t a t dtt a n n g a n h cao su Tuy
n h i e n de viec dau ttt thttc stt di vao chieu sau, ve phia t a t cd quan ban n g a n h t u a t i n h t a n day m a n h cai c a t h thtt t u t h a n h chinh de t a t n h a dau ttt a n t a m dau ttt vdn va day n h a n h tien dp thttt h i e n dtt an Trong dieu kien ve ngudn vdn hi h a n t h e td t h e tim kiem ngudn vdn ddng tai trd dtt a n hay eho vay hdp v6h ttt cat n g a n h a n g khac ngoai dia ban t i n h cd ngudn vdn huy dpng t6t nhttng thieu dtt a n dau ttt, n h a t la cat dtt a n dau ttt trung, dai b a n vao n g a n h cao su
- Ke't hdp CO hieu qua cac ngudn vdn dau ttt: de thuc day p h a t trien n g a n h cao su cua t i n h Gia Lai mdt each ben vufng ddi hdi stt k e t hdp cd hieu qua cua nhieu ngudn von khac M6i ngudn vdn dong mpt vai tro n h a t dinh qua t r i n h dau ttt p h a t trien n g a n h cao su Ddi vtti ngudn vdn ODA t a p trung vao dau ttt p h a t trien h a t a n g giao th6ng, thuy ldi va he thdng dien de cung vtti v6n ngan sach t h a m gia vao cong tac den bii h6 trd ngtttti dan, cap giay chttng n h a n quyen stt dung dat, quy hoaeh vung dtt an t u n g n h u td sd h a t a n g vung dtt an p h a t trien cay cao su Von tin dung Uu dai ciia n h a nttdc dau ttt vao cac h a n g mue nhtt khai hoang, trdng mtti va cham soc vUdn cay cao su thtti gian kien thiet cd ban va dau ttt may moc thiet bi che bien Ddi vtti von vay dau ttt chu yeu vao vat ttt va n h a n cong de cham sdc wiidn cay cao su va vdn Ittu dpng de k h a i t h a c mu cao su va dau tU mpt p h a n m a y mdc t h i e t bi che bien Ddi vtti von ttt cd cua cac ddn vi t h a m gia ttt dau vao suot qua t r i n h s a n xuat Viec ke't hdp tdt cac ngudn v6'n can cd stt t h a m gia ttt nhieu phia n h a nUttc, td chttc tin dung, ddn vi s a n xuat k i n h doanh cay cao su
- T h a n h lap quy tin dung dau ttt p h a t t r i e n rieng cho san xuat cao su: day la n g a n h co hieu qua ca ve kinh te^, xa hpi va moi trttttng; vay day m a n h md rdng dien tich cao su la can thiet Tuy nhien trdng cao su doi hdi thtti gian cung nhtt nhu cau vdn dau ttt kien t h i e t cd b a n Ittn, dd n a n g Ittc tua ngUtti dan
Cong nghe ngan hang V
(5)I l l " SINH VIEN & NGHltN CUTU KHOA HQC
nhat la t a t ndng hd rat han che'; vi vay de eae ndng hd cd the tham gia vao chttttng trinh tao su tieu dien, nhat la t a t hd ddng bao dan tdt thieu so, hp vung sau vung xa thi nha nttttc tan lap quy tin dung dau ttt phat trie'n tao su, tao td hdi va dieu kien tho ngtttti dan ed the trdng dttttc cao su tieu dien dtttti dang ndng hd hoac trang trai
Quy tin dung dau ttt phat trie'n eao su nam ngan hang phat trien, nhttng can cd chi nhanh kiem soat rieng de tao dieu kien nhanh chdng va de kiem soat qua trinh cho vay
Tdi sdn hdo ddm
- Chinh saeh bao dam tien vay: de' mtt rdng
tin dung giup cho nganh cao su cua tinh phat trien, hdn ntta trien vpng phat trie'n cua nganh cao su Gia Lai eung da dttdc lanh dao tinh danh gia tdng hdp qua nhieu nam va quy hoaeh chien Ittttc phat trien kinh te^ cua tinh theo httttng cd hieu qua kinh te' cao, thi cat ngan hang nen tham khao chtt kh6ng nen coi trpng tai san dam bao la mdt nhttng dieu kien tien quyet de xem xet cho vay, ma nen xem day chi la mpt nhttng dieu kien bd trd de tho vay Cat ngan hang cd the xem xet cho vay ttt nhttng tai san hinh tttdng lai, cho vay tin chap theo td vay vdn boat nhttng hp gia dinh trdng cao su cd hdp ddng tieu thu san pham; ddi vtti cat doanh nghiep uy tin vttng quy hoath cua dtt an, td the cho vay kh6ng can tai san dam bao vtti mpt dinh mttc tho vay nhat dinh tren mpt eao su va dttdc dam bao bttng ngudn tra nd ttt viec thu hoaeh cao su
- Ke't http linh hoat cac bien phap dam bao tien vay: ben canh tai san hien cd cua khach hang can danh gia tai san hinh tttttng lai la nha xudng va vttttn cay cao su vi boat ddng nganh cao su tai san chu yeu va quan trpng nhat la cay cao su
Congnghengan hang
So 62'Thang 05/2011
Thu tuc vay vdn
Ddi vtti cat doanh nghiep, hd gia dinh, trang trai san xua't nam vung quy hoaeh phat trie'n cay cao su eua tinh, ngan hang cd the xay dttng quy trinh thtt tuc vay vdn dttn gian httn cac ddi tttttng khac Chang han, khath hang ed giay chttng nhan trdng va cham sdt tao su theo dttng tieu thuan tua vung dtt an, thi ngan hang td the ap dung mau hd stt rieng eho vay eua vung dtt an dd [5], ma khdng nhat thie't yeu eau khach hang phai lap phttttng an vay vd'n, chttng minh ngudn thu nhap va td the thtti gian giai quyet cho vay la hoac tdi da la ba
Ndng lde cdn hg
Nang cao trinh dp, ky nang, dao dttc nghe nghiep eho dpi ngu can bd tin dung va ed chinh sach dai ngo d6'i vtti can bd tin dung
- Cae ngan hang thttdng mai tren dia ban can thtt trpng viet dao tao nghiep vu cho can bd, dac biet la can bd tin dung; lam can bd tin dung phai cd trinh dp phan tich, tham dinh dttdc cac dtt an dau ttt phttc tap
(6)SINH V l l N & NGHIEN ClJfU KHOA HQC » 1
khath h a n g la h d p ly hay khdng, ttt dd t h a m mttu tho l a n h dao quyet d i n h t h o vay hay khdng cho vay, tao dieu kien tdt cho k h a c h hang n a m bttt kip thdi cd hdi dau ttt va giup ngan h a n g b a n che dttdc rui ro
- Phai n a n g cao dao dttc n g h e n g h i e p cua tttng can bd ngan h a n g , dac biet la nhttng can bd thttdng tiep xuc k h a c h h a n g , t h d n g qua chinh sach dai ngd t h d a d a n g t r e n cd stt t r a c h n h i e m va hieu qua dat dttdc
Lai sudt
Uu dai ve lai suat cho nhttng k h a c h h a n g vay vdn de dau ttt, cham sdc cao su thupc ddi tttdng nam vung quy hoaeh p h a t trie'n n g a n h cao su cua tinh
Hien nay, cac n g a n h a n g thttdng m a i t r e n dia ban tinh Gia Lai chtta dtta r a chinh sach cho vay rieng d6i vtti n g a n h cao su Vi vay cac doanh nghiep, hd gia dinh va n g a n h cao su tren dia ban t i n h Gia Lai r a t khd tiep can dttdt ngudn vdn ttu dai ttt chinh sach cua n g a n hang de p h a t trie'n s a n xuat k i n h doanh Thiet nghi, n g a n h n g a n h a n g t r e n dia ban tinh Gia Lai can b a m s a t chu trttdng, chinh sach quy h o a t h n g a n h t a o su cua l a n h dao tinh de t h a m dinh, d a n h gia t i n h k h a thi cua
cae dtt an, cua vung quy h o a t h t a o su t o a n t i n h , d a n h gia t i n h hieu qua ddi vtti dau ttt s a n xuat t r e n titag h a eao su m a xay dttng mdt dinh mttt t h o vay va thdi b a n t h o vay hdp ly T r e n td stt dd, lap ke' hoaeh ngudn vdn cho vay ttu dai d a n h r i e n g cho cay cao su cua t i n h Gia Lai
Day thude ve chinh sach ttu tien p h a t t r i e n n g a n h cao su cua tttng n g a n h a n g , bu lai n g a n h a n g se t a n g thu ttt ngudn tien gtti va cac dich vu n g a n h a n g ttt k h a c h h a n g vay vd'n, nhtt r a n g budc dieu kien vay vdn hdp ddng tin dung la khach h a n g phai chuyen 100% doanh thu thu ttt dtt a n ve tai n g a n h a n g va stt dung t a t ca t a c d i t h vu tai n g a n hang K e t lu|Ln
N g a n h cao su t r e n dia b a n t i n h Gia Lai da va dang chie^m mdt vi tri h e t sttc quan trpng, cay cao su da dttdc Chinh phu quy hoaeh t h a n h cay trdng chu Ittc chien Ittdc p h a t t r i e n k i n h te cua dia phttdng Viec day m a n h p h a t trien n g a n h cao su theo httttng cong nghiep hda, h i e n dai hda la mpt bttdc di t a t yeu cua nUttc ta noi ehung va t i n h Gia Lai ndi rieng Ttt nhttng nghien cttu cua ban t h a n , tac gia mong dttttc gop mot p h a n nhd ve phttdng p h a p luan va thttt tien vao viec p h a t trien n g a n h cao su t i n h Gia Lai, t u n g nhtt md rdng va n a n g tao chat Ittdng tin dung vao n g a n h n a y "
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Bdo cdo tong hgp cua chi nhdnh Ngdn hdng Nhd niidc tinh Gia Lai (tunam 2005 den 30/9/2010)
2 Bdo cdo quy hogch phdt triin cdy cao su tren dia bdn tinh Gia Lai den ndm 2015, dinh hudng den ndm 2020 cua Sd Nong ng-hiep vd Phdt trien Ndng thdn tinh Gia Lai
3 Chinh phu (2009), Quyet dinh sd 750/QD-TTg, ngdy 3/6/2009 ve phe duyet quy hogch phdt triin cao su din ndm 2015 ud tdm nhin den ndm 2020
4 Binh hudng chiin luge kinh doanh din ndm 2015 cua cdc ngdn hdng BIDV, Agribank, VCB
5 Uy ban Nhdn ddn tinh Gia Lai (2009), Quyet dinh so 871 /QD-UBNB, ngdy 28 /12/2009 vi quy hogch phdt triin cdy cao su trin dia bdn tinh Gia Lai din ndm 2015, dinh hiidng den ndm 2020
Congnghengan hang