Effect of leaf characteristics on different brinjal genotypes and their correlation on insects pests infestation - Trường Đại học Công nghiệp Thực phẩm Tp. Hồ Chí Minh

In 2013-2015 investigation, interaction between jassids incidence and morphological characteristics on brinjal revealed that the population of jassids, whitefly, shoot[r]

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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(11): 3752-3757

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Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.439 Effect of Leaf Characteristics on Different Brinjal Genotypes and

their Correlation on Insects Pests Infestation

S.P Bindu* and A Pramanik

Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur - 741 252, West Bengal, India

*Corresponding author

A B S T R A C T

Introduction

Brinjal or eggplant, Solanum melongena L is one of the important vegetable crops grown in India and other parts of the world Insect pests are the main constraint in the successful cultivation of brinjal Among them, leafhopper and whitefly are cosmopolitan in distribution and are found wherever brinjal is grown The use of resistance genotypes is familiar as the imperative tool for the bio-intensive pest management system The morphological and physical characteristics of plants and fruits are associated with attraction, feeding and oviposition of the insect pests Development of varieties resistant to the insect pests is an important strategy of integrated pest management (Bhatti et al.,

1976) The identification of biophysical

characteristics from insect resistant varieties is of most practical significance

The degree of hair of trichome, on the leaves occurs in large numbers and plays a vital role in the plant defense particularly among phytophagous insects

Uthamasamy (1985) found that the resistant varieties had more hairs than susceptible ones Keeping in mind the seriousness of attack and the increasing incidence of the major insect pests on brinjal a humble attempt has been undertaken to find out the source of resistance and correlation of different morphological plant characteristics of different brinjal cultivars

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume Number 11 (2017) pp 3752-3757

Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

The field and laboratory experiments were carried out with twenty-two brinjal varieties during post–kharif season of 2013-2015 in the Central Research Farm, Gayeshpur, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya The morphological characteristics of brinjal leaves are associated with attraction, feeding and oviposition of the insect pests In 2013-2015 investigation, interaction between jassids incidence and morphological characteristics on brinjal revealed that the population of jassids, whitefly, shoot and fruit borer, and epilachna beetles was negatively correlated with leaf thickness and trichomes The jassids, whitefly, epilachna beetles population was negatively correlated with leaf area but the aphid and shoot and fruit borer were positively correlated Jassids, whitefly and aphids was negatively correlated with coccinellids predators and spiders while, the population of shoot and fruit borer and epilachna beetles showed positive correlation

K e y w o r d s

Brinjal, Leaf area, Trichome, Leaf thickness

Accepted: 26 September 2017 Available Online: 10 November 2017

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3753 Materials and Methods

A fields experiment was carried out during 2013-2015 at Central Research Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Gayeshpur, Nadia, West Bengal Twenty two (22) cultivars of brinjal were screened for their relative susceptibility to major insect pests The plot size was 3m × 2.5m with 60cm and 50cm spacing The experiment was laid out in a Randomized block design with three replications Ten leaves of almost similar age from each replication were plucked from each variety/genotype at peak infestation period of insect pests The following observations were taken for morphological characteristics of different varieties/cultivars of brinjal: a) Leaf area (sq cm) – measured by using graphpaper, b) Number of trichome on leaf lamina and midrib – the number of trichome per sq cm of leaf of under surface (base, middle and tip portions) were counted with the aid of calibrated ocular grid under a dissecting microscope and c) Leaf thickness (mm) – the cross section of such leaves at three different parts of the lamina was taken and measured using stage and ocular micrometer Several morphological characters of the twenty two varieties of brinjal were correlated each with the number of major insects

Results and Discussion

The morphological characteristics of brinjal leaves are associated with attraction, feeding and oviposition of the insect pests The effect of leaf morphological characters of brinjal on different varieties have been recorded during 2013-2015 and presented in Table In the present study revealed that the mean leaf thickness in different varieties ranged between 0.26 to 0.80 mm The varieties Sada Jhuri Begun (0.80 mm) was recorded highest leaf thickness followed by the varieties Punjab Sadabahar and Garia Begun (0.57

mm).While, the lowest leaf thickness was observed on the varieties BCB-50 (0.26 mm) followed by BCB-11(0.27 mm) and 13 BRL-2 (0.29 mm)

The mean leaf area on different brinjal varieties ranged from 32.35 to 64.20 cm2 The highest leaf area was observed on the varieties Muktakeshi (64.20 cm2) at par with each varieties and followed by 13 BRL-6 (58.30 cm2) and on par with each other The least leaf area was found on the varieties 13 BRL-2 (32.35 cm2) and 13 BRL-4 (33.00 cm2) The mean trichome density on different varieties ranged between 778.05 and1138.40 per cm2 The highest trichome density was recorded on the varieties 12 SPL-BL-7 (1138.40 per cm2) followed by the varieties 13 BRL-6 (11.4.63 per cm2) but the lowest trichomes density was observed on the varieties 13 BRL-4 (778.05 per cm2)

The present investigations are in partial agreement with the finding by Amin et al.,

(2014) who reported that the higher leaf area (63.53cm2/leaf) and leaf trichome (256.7/25 mm2) had lower shoot and fruit infestation Wagh et al., (2012) also reported that the mean trichome density of leaf surface recorded in different brinjal genotypes ranged from 458.67 to 1192.67 per cm2 and maximum trichome density was found in less susceptible genotypes The earlier results reported by Naqvi et al., (2008) specify the trichome density in the range of 550.5 to 1068.5 per cm2, the leaf area ranged 68.8-22.9 cm2 and leaf thickness ranged 0.343-0.157 mm from thirteen (13) brinjal varieties Correlation between insect pests of brinjal with leaf morphological characteristics of brinjal

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3754 correlated with insect pests population, so that the promising brinjal varieties can be identified for future benefit Weekly average of the screening incidence of insect pests population during 2013-2014 were analyzed and correlated on Table

Jassid, Amarasca biguttula biguttula

Interaction between jassids incidence and morphological characteristics on brinjal revealed the population of jassids showed significantly negatively correlated with leaf thickness (-0.431), while the leaf area (-0.703) and trichomes density (-0.569) showed significantly negative correlation The

variation in population of jassids observed about 79 % was due to all the leaf morphological characteristics (Table 2) According to Naqvi et al., (2008) who reported that the leaf area, leaf thickness exerted no effect on leafhopper population, while trichome density had negative correlation However, Giekwad et al., (1991) reported positive correlation between thickness of leaf and leaf area with leafhopper infestation The most resistant varieties with longer more numerous and more branched trichomes and significantly correlated with leafhopper (Lit and Bernardo, 1990)

Table.1 Morphological leaf characters in different brinjal varieties/ genotypes

Varieties Leaf thickness (mm)

Leaf area (cm2)

Trichomes (density/cm2)

13BRL-1 0.45 48.20 788.45

13BRL-2 0.29 32.35 942.10

13BRL-3 0.46 43.80 852.35

13BRL-4 0.31 33.00 778.05

13BRL-5 0.44 43.80 880.00

13BRL-6 0.51 58.30 1104.63

Punjab Sadabahar 0.57 46.90 993.05

Kashi Taru 0.41 40.00 825.35

12SPL-BL-1 0.31 47.25 877.20

12SPL-BL-2 0.34 41.65 873.50

12SPL-BL-4 0.41 45.70 951.65

12SPL-BL-5 0.48 40.00 871.85

12 SPL-BL-7 0.46 57.95 1138.40

BCB-11 0.27 49.90 793.70

BCB-30 0.49 52.15 874.95

BCB-50 0.26 56.40 832.40

Garia Begun 0.57 44.00 964.80

Sada Jhuri Begun 0.80 43.00 878.60

Muktakeshi 0.52 64.20 814.55

Punjab Round 0.36 40.95 863.20

Punjab Barshati 0.29 40.10 933.45

Makra 0.48 49.25 895.10

SE.m 0.06 5.39 67.98

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Table.2 Correlations between insect pests with leaf morphological characteristics of brinjal

Insect pests/ Natural enemies

Leaf thick

Leaf

area Trichomes R

2

Regression equation Jassids -.431* -.703** -.569** 0.791 Y=7.88 -.01X1 -.05X2 - 1.21X3 Whitefly -.352 -.051 -.356 0.696 Y=-4.11 -.02X1 -.81X2 - 4.82X3 Aphid -.371 041 -.019 0.825 Y=-1.29 -.51X1 - 1.09X2 - 2.81X3 Shoot and fruit borer -.190 033 -.204 0.703 Y=-3.21 - 2.01X1 -.85X2 - 2.19X3 Leafrollers -.101 030 -.304 0.731 Y=-2.82 - 1.08X1 - 2.19X2 -1.81X3 Epilachna beetles -.307 -.086 -.447* 0.400 Y=.85 - 0.29X1 - 0.14X2 - 2.81X3

* Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed), **significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)

Table.3 Correlations between insect pests with their natural enemies of brinjal

Insect pests/

Natural enemies Coccinellid Spider R

2

Regression equation Jassids -0.208 -0.409* 0.780 Y= 7.88 -.05X1 - 2.02X2 Whitefly -0.032 -0.197 0.705 Y= -4.11 -.08X1 - 3.05X2 Aphid -0.061 -0.202 0.830 Y= -1.29 -.05X1 - 1.15X2 Shoot and fruit borer .439* -0.026 0.690 Y= -3.21 -.09X1 -.04X2 Leafrollers 0.421 -0.097 0.721 Y= -2.82 - 2.03X1 -.09X2 Epilachna beetles 616** 0.154 0.390 Y=.85 - 3.12X1 -.07X2

* Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed), **significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)

Whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci

In 2013-2014, interaction studies between the whiteflies incidence and morphological characteristics on brinjal showed that the leaf thickness, leaf area and trichomes density had negatively non-significant correlation with whiteflies population

The variation in population of whiteflies observed about 69 % was due to all the leaf morphological characteristics (Table 2) The present findings are in agreement with Naqvi

et al., (2008) who reported that the leaf area had positive significant effect on whitefly population, whereas leaf thickness, trichome density had no significant effect Soundarajan and Baskaran (2001) reported negative significant correlation between trichome

density and whitefly population are in supportive with the present findings

Aphids, Aphis gossypii

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3756 Brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis

The population of brinjal shoots and fruit borer revealed that the leaf thickness (-0.190) and trichomes density (-0.204) was negatively non-significant correlation but the leaf area (+0.033) was found positively non-significant correlated The variation in population of shoot and fruit borer observed about 70 % was due to all the leaf morphological characteristics (Table 2).Wagh et al., (2012) observed that the shoot thickness showed strong and positive correlation (r = 0.632) in relation to incidence of shoot borer Javed et al., (2011) reported that strong and negative correlation between trichome density and infestation of L orbonalis which are in agreement with present study

Leaf roller, Eublemma olivacea

During 2013-2014, the leaf roller population showed negatively non-significant correlation with the leaf thickness and trichomes density While, the leaf area was positive correlated The variation in population of leaf roller observed about 73 % was due to all the leaf morphological characteristics (Table 2)

Epilachna beetles, Epilachna

vigintioctopunctata

The epilachna beetles population was negatively non-significant correlated with the leaf thickness (-0.307) and leaf area (-0.086) but negatively significantly correlated with trichomes density (-0.447) The variation in population of epilachna beetles observed about 40 % was due to all the leaf morphological characteristics (Table 2).Wagh

et al., (2012) reported that the maximum trichome density was found in less susceptible genotypes Ishaque and Chowdahary’s (1984) supported that they had high positive correlation between the leaf area of the

varieties and the degree of susceptibility They also found less susceptible varieties had thick and closely placed leaf trichome

Correlation between insect pests with their natural enemies of brinjal

Coccinellid predators

The population of coccinellid predators was negatively correlated with the population of jassids (-0.208), whiteflies (-0.032) and aphid incidence (-0.061) While brinjal shoot and fruit borer (+0.439) and epilachna beetle (+0.616) were significantly positively correlated But, the population of leafroller (+0.421) was positively non-significant correlated (Table 3)

Spider

In 2013-2014, the spiders showed negatively significant correlation with jassids but the whiteflies, aphids, brinjal shoot and fruit borer and leafroller incidences was negatively non-significant correlated While, epilachna incidence (+0.154) was positively non-significantly correlation with the population of spiders (Table 3)

The variation in population of insect pests of brinjal observed about 39% to 83% was due to their natural enemies According to Vishav

et al., (2014) supported that the conservation of natural enemies will help in suppressing the E vigintiocpunctata population in brinjal Kalaichelvi (2008) reported that the natural enemies population was found to have direct correlation with sucking pest population References

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How to cite this article:

Bindu, S.P and Pramanik, A 2017 Effect of Leaf Characteristics on Different Brinjal Genotypes and their Correlation on Insects Pests Infestation Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci.