Trpng bai viet nay tac gia khdng ban nhieu den kieu nha d , bdi ndi cho ciing kieu nha d truyen thdng d u o c xay dung kien cd cd phan chac chan cua ngudi Viet vung Ddng Nam Bo hay[r]
(1)^ V A N DE QUAN TAM
Nha dnong thon
Dong bang song CQu Long
XOA VA NAY
B P G S TS NGUYiN MINH HOA - Truong khoa Ihi hex va Quan ly df) tin, liuoiiy UH KHXH ft Nhan van
Chi ddi chuc nam trudc, nha ngudi dan miet vUng ddng bang Sdng CL(U Long hau het deu quay mat sdng, rach vdi mdt phan ehinh Ian sdng, phan phu gae len bd TU sau nhOng nam 2000, Idc dd thj hda da lam thay ddi gan nhu toan bd bUc tranh cu tru ctJa ngudi dan miet Md hinh nha d cho nhOng ngudi dan noi day sao eho vUa dam bao an toan, vUa tan dung duoc ca, tdm sdng nude truyen thdng van cdn la mdt dau cham hdi gili den cac chuyen gia
KHONG GIAN CU TRU TRUYEN THONG CUA NGUOI DAN NAM BO
Trpng bai viet tac gia khdng ban nhieu den kieu nha d , bdi ndi cho ciing kieu nha d truyen thdng d u o c xay dung kien cd cd phan chac chan cua ngudi Viet vung Ddng Nam Bo hay mien ddng bang sdng Ciru Long chi ia nhung bien the cua kieu nha ba gian bai chai cua ngudi Viet Bac Bp ma ngudi di e u tir phia Bac mang vao Nam qua nhung thdi diem ijch sir khac S u khac ciia ngudi dan Nam Bp so vdi Bac Bd va Trung Bo chu yeu la d each chon dja diem c u trii, td chirc khdng gian sdng cua mdt q u i n c u va td chirc khdng gian ben trong, ben ngoai ngdi nha cua mdi ho gia dinh
Neu d khu vuc ddng bang va trung du Bac Bo ngudi ndng dan sdng nhung lang xdm cd quy md nhd d u a c khep kin ben nhirng luy tre lang vay xung quanh, khoang each giua lang vdi lang khac chinh ia nhung canh ddng lua Mdi ho gia dinh thudng sdng mdt can nha chinh theo kha nang kinh te ma cd mot gian hai chai, ba gian hai chai, va mot nha ngang phu ia bep, ehuong bd, bao xung quanh khudn vien nha ia mot hang rao
uoc le bang hang cay che xanh luu nien,
ram but, x u o n g rdng, d rd phia trudc nha t h u d n g trdng eau edn phia san sau trdng chudi Md hinh truyen thdng da thay ddi rat nhieu sau Ian sdng dd thj hoa tran ve ndng thdn, thay eho nhung khudn vien nha la nhung day nha hinh dng nam dm sat mat d u d n g , khdng gian yen tTnh va tho mdng ciia ndng thdn Bac Bd bi
bam nat bdi phong trao "xe tbjf d i t rudng, phan Id ban nen
Cach chirng 15 - 20 nam ve trudc, d mien Tay Nam Bd, p h i n Idn ngudi ndng dan khdng sdng co cum lai diem dan c u tap trung nhu d ddng bang Bac Bp ma hp sdng rai rac bam thep doc cac kenh rach binh nen kieu c u tru theo '1uyen va dai" Mdt sd khac nira thi sdng rat thua va phan tan cac canh rung cham, d u d e , d tren cac cu lao nhu cu lao Cham va cac ddng bung n h u Ddng Thap M u d i , rirng U Minh Kieu e u tru mang dam tinh chat sdng nude d u o c phan anh rat sinh ddng eae tac pham cua nha van Doan Gidi, Son Nam, Nguyen Ngoc T u Ngudi dan d miet sinh ra, Idn len, dung vp ga chdng, sinh ccn de cai va chet di deu g i n bd vdi sdng nude Sdng nude mang den eho hp ngudn sinh sdng, s u di lai va moi dieu kien sinh boat Hp mua ban tren sdng tao mdt loai chp ndi ddc dap Hp vui ehpi vdi d d n ca tai tir tren sdng va ngudi chet d u o e gae len cay vao mua mua
Dpi chuc nam ve trudc, h i u bet nha dan miet ddng bang sdng Ciru Long deu quay mat sdng, rach tap nen cai ma goi la van boa mat tien Nha d u o c chia lam hai p h i n thi mdt phan l i n sdng, mdt phan gae len b d Dieu la la p h i n l i n sdng la p h i n ehinh cho du xay dung khdng kien cd cdn p h i n gae len b d lai la p h i n phu Phan lam ndi tren sdng d u o c lam bang loai cay s i n cd d quanh khu vuc n h u cham, d u d e , dtra nude, binh bat Chung d u o c ddng vat va gae tren cac tru gd (sau la bang tru be tdng) P h i n la noi dien
ra cac sinh boat thudng xuyen cua gia dinh n h u nau an, tam giat, ve sinh, chan nudi va cdn la noi tiep khach than tinh, phan phu gae len d i t lien t h u d n g la noi de ban thd dng ba va chd ngu cua eon tre Goi la hang xdm gan gui nhung cung each hang tram met, tham chi hang cay sd mdi cd mdt vai nha khac Hang tram nam troi qua n h u the, ngudi dan Nam Bd sdng rat hien hoa vdi sdng n u d e mot each t u nhien Ho khdng cd khai niem thich nghi, thuy Ipi, dieu tiet hay de bae ngan IQ, n u d e dang cac vao mua IQ thi len thuyen t h i trdi, nude xudng thi quay ve nha, nhieu gia dinh ve tai nha cung ddng nghTa vdi viec eat mdt chai nha mdi bdi nha cu da bi cudn trdi Mdi l i n vao mua n u d e len ed vat va, mat mat ve ngudi nhung cQng lai la c o hpi sdng tdt, dat ed them phu sa, sdng dam cc them nhieu ca tdm va rac rudi sau ray bj cudn thee n u d e bien Nhung tir sau nam 2000 trd ve day, c o n idc dd thi boa va phat trien cdng nghiep da lam thay ddi g i n n h u toan bd btrc tranh e u tru cua ngudi dan miet sdng n u d e
NHUNG KHONG GIAN CU TRU PHI TRUYEN THONG
(2)phd va c u tru diem dan e u tap trung chdng IQ (Ipai hinh se d u p e de cap den mdt djp khac) N h u da ndi, t u sau nam 2000 hinh thai c u tru ma ngudi ndng dan sdng doc theo kenh rach d u d n g n h u khdng cdn nhieu nii-a, cho den kieu c u tru giam xudng r i t nhanh, tham ehi vung ngoai eiia C i n T h o , Ben Tre, Vj Thanh da khdng edn thay N g u d i dan t u chd quay mat sdng n u d e thi quay mat d u d n g 16, x u i t hien kieu c u tru "mat tien qudc Id" Hp dd xp mat d u d n g mua d i t lam nha due cap tang, mai b i n g hinh dng hoac nha tret hinh dng mai tdn de hinh nen cac day phd lien tuc vai chye can gidng n h u eae phd, thj xa khac ciia Viet Nam Nhung ngudi cd d i t rudng nha chi viec cat dat xay c i t , ngudi chua cd thi mua Id d i t cd chieu rdng 4m cdn chieu dai thi het tam (dat ban chi tinh chieu ngang cdn chieu dai tinh het thira) Loai nha hien cd khap ddng bang sdng Ciru Long, true d u d n g nao cung ed tu- qudc id den tinh id, huyen 16 va huong Id ( d u d n g cap xa) Vay ly nao ma ngudi dan tir bd mdt kieu c u tru sdng nude n h u the?
Od chinh la bdi nha mat tien sdng qua nguy hiem Trudc day ngudi dan xir dung xucng ba la (ccn gpi la ghe tam ban) chep tay de lam p h u a n g tien di lai
Ve sau thuyen c h d hang cd Idn hon ddi chut nhung cQng chep tay Sau nhung nam 1970 x u i t hien Ipai xudng chay bang may dudi tdm cd ma luc nhd nen sdng em dem Hien mdi co hang tram ca nd, xa Ian, t i u Idn ngupc xudi c h d hang hpa tao nen nhung dpt sdng idn va dap manh vao hai b d khien ehp cac nha lam bang vat lieu nhe khdng try d u p e Tieng dn ap nao nhiet cua ghe thuyen chay sudt dem khien cho c u dan khd Idng try lai
Doc theo nhirng sdng Idn xuat hien cang nhieu cac nha may khu cdng nghiep, nha bang, khach san, cac khu dan c u Cac chu d i u t u cho ke b d bang da, dd dat Ian chiem mat n u d e nham m d rdng dien tich sir dung Tat ca nhung hanh ddng l i n chiem, be tdng hoa dd lam thay ddi ddng chay cua sdng khien cho b d sdng bj sat Id nghiem T i t ca cac eon sdng, kenh eua ddng bang sdng Cuu Long deu cd hien t u p n g sat Id lam cho hang nghin can nha bj trdi sdng Nhieu sdng n h u sdng Tien, Sdng hau bj mat hang km chieu dai b d sdng va an sau vap hang tram met Hien t u p n g d u p e cci la mdt sd nhtrng nguy c o nghiem nhat de doa den dan sinh, vay ma ngudi dan bd b d di cu di nai khac
Mot nguyen nhan nua la mire d n h i l m mdi trudng cua sdng rach v u o t qua mire chju d u n g H i u n h u tat ca cac sdng deu "chet" va "thuong tich" Ngudi dan chi c i n nhin mau cua sdng la biet hai ben b d khue sdng dd cd nhtrng loai hinh san xuat gi Cac nha hang, khach san, khu cdng nghiep thai t h i n g nude thai khdng qua xir ly sdng rach lam cho sdng bde mui hdi thdi va cd mau den kjt Hang tram nha may che bien ca tra, ca basa x u i t k h i u thai sdng hang nghin met khdi nude mdi khien cho nhung khue sdng dd 16m t u d i Va ca nhung doan sdng day ngap m d ca mau vang, ddng vang day ca t i c lam cho ngudi dan sdng hai ben b d chju khdng t h i u
Chinh vi nhD-ng ly tren ma Idi c u tru truyen thdng da tdn tai hang tram nam khdng cdn c p s d de tdn tai nira, dau cd tide nhung cQng phai danh idng Trong cac h6i nghj gan day Ban ehi dao Tay Nam Bp va lanh dap cac tinh len tieng de nghj eae kien true s u , eae nha quy hcach nghien ciru de x u i t cac giai phap tim loai hinh nha d va c u tru phu hpp cho mien Tay Nam Bd cho dam bao hai hoa giQ-a Idi sdng hien dai vua gitr d u o c Idi c u tru truyen thdng sdng nude