xay dung ly lujin, tir tuang chicn luac each mang giai phdng dan tpc 6i truyen ba vao Viet Nam, dan dit ca mdt (he hp thanh nien yeu nudc Vipt Nam di theo con dudng ma Ngiioi da iua [r]
(1)NGHIEN CCPU - TRAO B |
NhOhg sang tao cua Nguyen Ai Quoc / ve ilirdhg each mang Viet Nam /
• PGS, TS NGUYiN QU6C BAO - ThS NGUYiN TH! MINH THOY
Hoc mn B6o chl va Tuyen truyen
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(2)NGHIEN CLPU - TRAO D |
Mudi ve nudc Nga Xd viet Nghien ciiu ve cudc Cach mang thang Mudi Nga, Ngudi da di den khang dinh* "Trong the gidi bay gid chi cd each menh Nga la da cdng va cdng den nai nghTa la dan chiing dupc huong cai hanh phiic tu do, binh dang thai, khdng phai EU \'a binh dang gia ddi nhu dd qudc chu nghia Phap khoe khoang ben Viet Nam Cach menh Nga da dudi dupc \Tia, frr ban dia chu rdi, lai sue cho cdng nong cac nudc va dan bi ap birc cac thupc dm lam each menh de dap dd iii ca de qudc chil nghia va tu ban frong the gidi"'-'
Ban Saihao ve vdn deddn ldc vd vdn de thugc dia ciia YI Lenin da dem den cho Ngudi nhimg nhan thiic mp! sang Id hon ve each mang thuoc dja, v^ dudng giai phdng dan toe khoi gong ciim nd le rir dd da giiip Ngudi chpn lua dimg dan dudng giai phdng dan tdc mudn cini nudc giai phdng dan tpc khdng edn dtrimg nao khac ngoai dirdng each mang vd san Tir nhan thirc each mang \'a khoa hpc dd tai Dai hpl Tua (Tours) cua Dang Xa hoi Phap (thang 12.1920) Nguyen Ai Qudc da bo phii^u tan Qudc te Ihu ba va sau dd cimg cac ddng chi chan chinh Dang Xa hpi Phap tiianli lap Dang Cpng san Phap Ngudi da frd tiianh ngudi cdng san Viet Nam dau lien, Ttr chu nghTa yeu nudc Nguyen Ai Qudc da den vdi chu nghTa Mae - Lcnm, lir mdt chign sT giai phdng dan lpc tien Hen Nguyen Ai Qudc da tro mdt ehien sT cdng san, mot chien sT qudc tc vd san
Tim hieu ve dudng dua Nguyen Ai Qudc tti chu nghTa yeu mrdc d6n vdi chu nghTa Mac - Lenin, nhieu nha nghien cim da nhit tti nhan dinh ring, cd hai nhan td co ban, dd la: 1/ Thdi dai mdi md diu bang Cach mang thang Mudi Nga, didi dai ma dpc lap dan toe khdng the Each rdi chu nghTa xa hpi, Nguyen Ai Qudc la ngudi Viet Nam diu tien sdni nhan chan ly dd; 2/ Nhu ciu cip bach cua hch str Viel Nanv Gianh lai dpe lap, frr cho dan tpc Nguyin Ai Quoc la ngudi sdm nim bit duac nhu ciu dd va dap img duoc ddi hoi ciia lich sir*''
Trong cudn -Them mdt ,TO' IU hdu ve hoat ddng
cua Nguven Al Qudc lai Phdp ndm 1917-1923" Giao
su Nguyan Phan Quang cung neu len mdc quan frong dua Nguyen Ai Qudc lu ciiu nghTa yeu nudc den \di ehu nghia Mac -
Lemn-Mdt Id bang thien iai tri ttje va nghj luc phan diu
phi thudng vupt qua sir han che ciia nhung ngudi yeu nudc duong thdi
Hat Id, nam 1911 Nguyen Ai Qudc di vdi muc
dich "Tdi mudn nirdc ngoai xem nudc Phap va nudc khac Sau klii xem xet hp lam nhu thg nao toi se frd ve gulp ddng bao chiing ta"
Ba Id, nam 1914 chien tranh the gidi lin thij nhi
bimg nd, Nguyfen Ai Qudc da cd them diuc tg sinh dpng de hieu rd bp mat tliat ciia chu iighTa tu ban
BSn Id vdi sy ddi cua Qudc te cdng san, frong
phong trao cong nlian qudc tc da dien mpt sir phan hda sau sac Trong Dang Xa hpi Phap cung dien tB mdt cudc dau franh gay gat ve viec theo Qudc tk hai hay Qudc tc ba ciia Lenm Cudc dau franh da anli hudng quydt dinli den qua frinh tim dudng cim nuoc cua Nguyen Ai Qudc
Sir kicn thang 12 1920 da dua Nguyen Ai Qua frd ihiuih ngirdi cua budc ngoat hch sir md ducmg vach hirdng tiling lgi cho su nghiep dau ttanh giai phdng dan tpc cua Viet Nam K6 tir day, Ngudi da danh nhicu thdi gian de nghien cim xay dung ly lujin, tir tuang chicn luac each mang giai phdng dan tpc 6i truyen ba vao Viet Nam, dan dit ca mdt (he hp nien yeu nudc Vipt Nam di theo dudng ma Ngiioi da iua chpn, Nguyin Ai Qudc da tich c\tc hoat dpng chuan bi de lap mdt dang each mang lien phong cLia giai cip cdng nhan nhim dam nhiem si; m?nh lich sir lanh dao each mang Viet Nam
Nliung nam thang sdng fren dit Phap (tti 1921 d&i thang 1923), Nguyin Ai Qude da tham gia sang l?p Hdi Lien hiep cac dan tpc thupc dia, xuit ban td bao Ngudi Cling khd (Le Pana), lam ttirdng tigu bar nghien ciiu cac van d l Ddng Duong ban nghien cim thude dia eiia Dang Cdng san Phap, vik bai cho bao Nguai cimg khd Nhdn dao, vik tac phiin Ban
dn che dd thuc ddn Phdp
Tir thang 6.1923 dSn cudi nam 1924, Nguy6n Ai Qudc nghien cim va hoat ddng d Lien Xd, dir D^i h^i Qudc te ndng dan (thang 10 1923), Dai hpi lin thiiV Clia Qudc tc cdng san va nhidu Dai hdi qudc t^ quan trorig khac Day la nhihig nam thang Nguyen Al Qudc dl sau nghien cim, hpc hdi kinli nghiem ckh mang Nga, nghien cim, xay dung ly luan va ttJ tuong
(3)NGHIEN CI>U - TRAO £)6l
^ iongdantpc.Saudd,thangl2.1924, va gdp phin diuc dSy each mang chmh qudc tiSn len Nguoi fru ve Quang Chau (Tnmg Quoc) de xuc life Giai c ^ cdng nhan va nhan dan lao dong thupc dia j^ qua trinh chuan bi Imc tiep cho su ddi chinh dang phai neu cao tinh tich cue chti ddng each niang^ phai ^ each injtng o Viet Nam dua mroc hdt vao luc Iuong cua chinh minh dd dSu
Nghien cim hoat dpng ly luan cua Nguyen Ai tranh giai phdns cho mmh Day la mot quan di^m Qudc, tun hieu cac bai vigt, cac tham luan chinh tti,
cac tac pham Clia N ^ i d i frong chang dudng tti 1921-1927, ta tiiay quan diem each mang va ly luan v l dudng each raang vo san Viet Nam da M hien kha hoan chinh Ndi dung ciia he thdng quan dilm dd la: - Di sau vach ro ban chat phan ^ i g cua chii n^Ta thuc dan Aipc nguy bang bing cai gpi la "khai hda van
each mang ddc ^ sang tao cua Nguyin Ai Qudc v l vi tti Clia each mang cac nudc diupc dia
- T u tudng ve dudng ldi chiln luoc each mang d thudc dja: Tien hanh giai phdng dan tpc, md dudng tien Ien giai phdng hoan toan lao dpng, giai phdng ngudi, tiic la iam each mang giai phdng dan tdc tien len each mang xa hpi chu nghTa Song, ttirdc hit minh N g i m f f l k h a i q M v e c h u n g h l a l h l K f c C h e phai gidi phong dan toe, danh du6, bon « q u c gianh muc dan la-an cuop", la hiep dam, giet nguoi Chu ISy <JgcIap.m Nguyin A i Q u c d a som xac dinh ngha thuc danbketachungcuacacdantpclhuocdia mot each dung d i n tinh chit cua each mang a cac Nguyen Al Quoc da Idtoi day manh me tinh than yeu nuoc thuoc dja la-dan toe each mang":-Nuoc da mSt n u ^ te t n h hnh than phan khang dan tpc keu goi thi dan eimg mit ca quyin loi va kinh t j - ehinh lii jtadancaemmcthuoedMphaiduavaolucluongcua mit ea t u d o doe lap Ach ap buc dan tpc cua d i que;: banthanmrnhdedunglengiaiphongchomtah-cong da lam cho eac dan tgc bi no le khong thi ehiu „6i mai cupegBtphonganhemoeacnuticthuocdiachicothi da tmh ngo l e a doan kit lai, biit ting tha ehit duoc thuchenduocbangsunaiuecuabanlhananhemw tudo hon s6ng ISm no le, d i n g lam hiep luc danh dui, - Cach mang gtai phong dan tpc la mot bp phan tui ap hue minh di i y la dan t p c e a c h m a n g ' * eua each mang vo san Giai phong diin tpc phai gin Nguyin Ai Q u i c da nhan thue va xac d,nh dung cae lien vo, gia, phong nhan dan lao dong, giai phong giai vin d i v i ke thiu v i nhiem vu each mang, v i cae luc cap cong nhan X h , CO g,a, phong giai cap vo san thi luong sang tap nen siic m a d , dan toe, v i xay dung doi mm gia, phong duw: dan toe, ca hai cuoc giai phong nin phong each mang i cae nuoe thuoc dta chi ro ch, co the la su nghiep eua ehu nghia eong san bpn d i q u i c v a phong kiin phan dong thuong eiu kii vacachmangthegio,.».Tutu6ngd6lanentangctu, ehat ehe voi ap bite va hoc lot nhan dan lao dong duonglotehien lupc ben hanh each manggiaiphong va dan ban xu Vi vay, nhiem vu chi, yiu cita each dan tpc theo phuong hutimg tiin len chii nghia xa hpi
cua Nguyen Ai Quic, ctia Dang Cong san Wet Nam - Cdch mang giai phong dan tpc o cae thupe dia va each mang vo san "chmh q u i c " co quan he khang khit voi nhaunhu hai c a n h a i a each mang thoi dai Phai thuc hien sir hen minh chiin d i u giiia luc lupng each mang giai phong dan tpc va each mang v6 san "chinh quic" Thuc hien su hen mijft giiia phuong M n g va phuong Tay theo khiu hieu ehiin lupc cua Lenin 'Vo san tit ca cac nuoc va cac dan tpc bj ap bite doan k i t lai" Nhung diiu dae biet quan
mang thupc dia la phai lap trung luc lupng ching ehi, nghia de quoe xam lupe va thing ui, giuong cao ngpn CO ching de quic, gianh liy dpc lap tu va sau khithanglpisephatmin theo hutjng di len chii nghia xa hpi^ Do chmh la tu Uiong chiin lupc dung din cua Nguyen Ai Quoc v i each mang thugc dja
- Danh duoi bpn de q u i c xam lupc "giai phong gong cum no le eho d i n g bao la vice chung eua dan chiing", phai site tap hpp lire lupng xay dung site manh dan tpc, ehing d i quic Vi bi ap biie ma sinh •„,„„, M » i - ^ < „ - •- • • "3 "^ch mang eho nen aibiap buc cang nhiiu thi long UpnglaNgi^enAiQuocdaneuto-caehmangdiupc each mang cang bin c h i n c h mang cang quye"
S^c^n"„f V ^ ' ^ T ' T r r " " ^ " ' " ' ^ Cong nong la-nguoi chii each menh" "Id l i e eLh no CO t^nh ehu dpng, dgc lap Cach mang diupc dja menh" Phan dch npi dung kmh ti va giai xa hoi eo the d w * eong tnnre cdch mang "chinh quoc" ttong thoi dai mii, Nguyli At Quic ,g k h d n g l *
(4)NGHieN Ctru - TRAO D | H
"Trong dial dai hien nay, giai cap cong nhan la giai cap dpe nhit vd nhit co su menh heh siJr la lanh dao cdeh mang den thing Igi cuii eimg"'^, Nong dan la luc luong dong dao nhit cr thupc dja, bj di quic va phongkienboclpt nang ne, phai di voi giai eip cong nhan, ehiu su lanh dao eiia giai cip cong nhan, thi moico die giai phong dupc Nguge lai, giai eip cong nhan muon gianh dupc quyin lanh dao nhit va dua each mang den cong phai hen minh voi nong dan Nong dan vd eong nhan la hai ban ding minh ttr nhien Nguoi daphephdntraoluucohpichu nghia, njnh nong dan, eoi nong dan la lire lugng chu yen, la dgng lytc nhit eua each mang, la dgi ngu edeh mang nhit, de chi di toi ehii nghJa phieu luu, chu nghia cue doan vo chinh phi, vd di toi phu djnh chti nghta Lenin Dat giai eip vo san vao vj tti giai eip lanh dao yd cong nhan eiing voi nong dan Id dong luc, Nguyen Ai Quic da chi mgt each diing din nhihig luc lugng xa hpi chii yiu c6 khd nang dam bao thing lgi Clia cuge each mang gidi phong dan tgc, ding thoi con ddm bdo eho each mang giai phong dan tgc phat triin theo phuong huiSng di len chu nghia xa hgi
Ti^n CO so coi cong nong Id gie each mang, Nguyen Ai Quie xac dinh biu ban each mang cua cong nong Id "hgc tro, nha buon nho diin chii nho" trong cugc cdch mang dan tgc, "si, nong, cong, thuong lieu nhat tti ching lai cuong quyin""', nhiiu nguoi dong tam higp luc dii cdch mang moi eong Viet Nam, mpt nuoc "co chung mgt dan tgc, mgt dgng mau, ehung mgt phong tuc, ehung mpt Huyen thong, chung mgt tiing nni"i», la mot site manh to Ion Siic manh dang bi di quic am muu chia te Nguoi Viet Nam "co tlnh dodn kit, nghia dong bao"li» sau nang Vi vay, ein phai khoi day vd phat huy ttuyen thong doan kit dan tgc, nghia ding bao, tap hgp mpi luc lugng yeu nugc, liy cpng - npng lam goe, nham tao nen sue manh dan toe di ehiin diu v4 chien thiing bgn di quic "Cdeh mang giai phong dan tpc phai diwc hien su doan kit vd lien mtah vgi cdc lire lugng each mang quic ti" Cdch mang Viet Nam la mpt bo phdn ttong each mang thi gitii Ai ldm each mang ttong the gigi diu Id ding chi eua nhan dan Viet Nam Nhung muin anh em ttong dii gioi giup ehiing ta thi ttuoc hit "mmh phai nr giiip liy
nunh", khong y lai ch6, phai neu cao tinh chii dpng each mang, y thitc t\r Iirc, tu cudng C6, vdy moi phat huy cao dd siic manh ddn tOc, tranh CO hieu qua siic manh quoc ti, thuc hien kit hgp if dan siie manh dan tpc voi siic manh quic ti, t^o siic manh ting hgp de ehiin thing ke thii,
- Cach mang la sir nghiep ciia ca dan ehung i giae ngg va dugc ti chiic lai, chti khong phai Ta viag cua mgt vai ngu6i Vi vay, phai giao due quin chiing vi muc dich each mang, biit ding tam hipp lyc d^ "danh eai giai eip dp biic mmh", "gidi ph6ng khoi gong ciim no le cho ding bao" Quin ehiing phai duge to ehiic mpt dpi ngu vung bin mdi thdnh cong Con nguoi each mang thi phdi hiiu biit flnh the, phdi biet so sanh luc lugng, phdi c6 "muu chudc", "phdi biit each Idm mgi ehdng" Mpt cuOc khdi nghia vu ttang co khd nang nd d D6ng Duong; mudn vay, cupe khdi ngMa dd phai Id cujs, khtii nghia ciia quin chiing ehii khong phai Id m^f cugc ndi lean Bd la nhirng quan diimcobdndiuli&l eua Nguyen Ai Quie vi phuong phdp va ngh? thuft ddu ttanh edeh mang
Cdeh mang mudn thing Igi ttude hit phdi ed BdnJ each mang "Dang ed vimg, edeh m?ng mdi thiii' eong Cling nhu ngudi cim lai c6 vimg thuyin mii chay" Ddng mudn virng phai cd hgc thuyit cich mang, dd Id hpe thuyit Mac - Lenm Ddng phii dpi ngu cdn bp, dang viSn ed ly tudng cdch mjing,, lap ttudng va dao diic each mang, cd quyit tim cMJ ddu vi ly nrdng gidi phdng ddn tdc vd nhan loji
HSthingquan diim vily lujn vieon dudng uiag mang ctia Nguyin Ai Qudc chtah Id ndi dung » ttrdng cdch mang gidi phdng ddn tpc theo chi nghSl Mac - L6nin Nhimg luin diim dd da dugc ttuyin Ht vio Vift Nam ttong nhihig nam 20 cua thi kj x i da ttd dianh dudng chtah tti hudng phong Odo dW tgc di vdc eon dudng each mang vd sdn, din tdi sviH doi eiia Dang Cgng sin Viet NamO !
(l).(2),(4).(6),(8)H4cU]^inliMn/(ip,T2,Nxb.SiilMC H.,l981,lr.l92- )97,206,207,445, 184-186; 186
(3) X m Mm: Nguyin Van Phimg, Con dmg dSn Bic
"••ii>Sltf<Vr,g,i„vaconiumtgdl„BicAvUekti,glm, - Lenm, Tap clii Lich sij Dang s6 2/1983
(5).(7),(9),(10)H4chiMfiih,5aa,Tl lr 162 449 449
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