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phdn khdng tdo bqo vd ude mo cua nhirng ngudi ngheo khd. Ndng ddn mudn Idm cdeh mqng, Ld Tdn cung nhin thdy khd ndng vd hem lye dd thdng qua nhdn vdt A Q. Khi viet AQ Chinh truyen, L[r]
(1)HINH ANH CUOC CACH MANG TAN HOI m e lACPHAriClliNU TRUYIN" GDA10 IAN
O ThS LYTHi Q U Y N H A N H *
Lo Tdn Id nhd vdn vTdqi Trung Qud'c ChCrng kien euqc Cdeh mqng Tdn Hgi (xdy ndm II 911) thdt bqi vi tfnh chd't «nua vdi", khdng phyc vy eho quyen \g\ euo nhdn ddn, khdng bdo ve Igi fch eho ngudi ndng ddn, dng dau x6t hm nguyen nhdn vd phdn dnh the gidi quan cua minh vdo sdng tde Tde phdm AQ chinh truyen ro ddi ndm 1921, hinh dnh cuqc edch mqng ndy dugc dng dyng Iqi mdt cdeh rd net, sinh ddng thdng quo cuqc edch mqng d Idng Mui
1 «B6ng ddng" cua cugc each mqng Tan Hgi Cdeh mqng Tdn Hgi nd vdo ndm 1911 giai cdp tu sdn Trung Qude Idnh dqo, dugc ddng ddo qudn chung tham gia Nhung dudng Id'i cdc^ mqng khdng dung ddn, lye lugng eua bdn thdn giai cdp tu sdn yeu dudi; cd lien he tdi de qud'c ve kinh te, kT thudt vd ehfnh tri, cd mdu thudn vdi de qude, nhung Iqi sg de qude, vd nhdt Id nudi tudng ddi vdi qudn chung, nen dd euqc cdeh mqng dd thd't bqi Khi khdi nghTa vua ndi len, ehfnh quyen cdeh mqng tuyen b d cdng nhdn td't ed dieu ude euo nhd Thanh kf vdi de qude, khdng ddm dd'u tranh gidnh Iqi quyen loi cua ddn toe Cdn dd'i vdi bqn phong kien, nhirng ngudi edch mqng Iqi khdng kien quyet dd thdc hiep vd nhugng bq bqn quan Iqi Cd the ndi, bdng ddng cua cuqc cdeh mqng the hien rdt ro net tdc phdm AQ chinh truyen Cdnh «dqi dodn vien" bi thdm cua A Q cung trd thdnh tdt yeu, bdi vi cuqc cdeh mqng dd thye chd't chi Id sy «th6a hiep" vdi the lye phong kien Do do, A Q cd tha thiet mudn dugc ldm «edeh mqng" den mdy thi rdt cuqc cung bj «edch mqng" heu diet
Trong AQ chinh truyin, sy kien «edch mqng" dugc Idng Mui biet den hnh h> «td'i hdm mudi
bdn sang ngdy rdm thdng chin nien hieu Tuyin thdng ndm thu ba, tuc Id hdm AQ bdn cdi rudt tuqng eho ehu Trieu Bqch Nhdn " Tuy nhien cd
Idng chdng biet sy kien dd thyc chd't Id gi, chi biet rdng: «Vdo hdi canh ba, lue bdn gid, mdt
chiec thuyin vdn, mui den, khd to ghe vdo bi'n
trudc nhd cy Trieu gida luc dim khuya trdi tdi md md, ddn Idng dang ngu say, khdng hay bii't gi hit Vd chua md sdng thi chiec thuyen dd rdi khdi ben, chi cd mdy ngudi trdng thdy md ^di Sau lue dd dd la, thdm thi thdm thyt cung nhau khd Idu, ngudi ta mdi biet rang: chinh cai thuyin nhd cy Cu" Sy xud't hien cdi thuyen nhd
cy Cu dd khien ed Idng Mui lo du, trua hdm sou cd Idng nhdn nhdo, mqi ngudi bdn tdn xdn xao, ddn dqi rdng: «Bqn each mqng sdp vdo
huyen, nen cy Cu ehqy vi Idng Idnh nqn" Roi mqi ngudi xoay qua chuyen cy Cu ve Idng Mdi ngudi ndi mdt phdeh, thim Bdy thi bdo chi ed may hdm qudn cu, trin cy Cu gui xudng nhd gid hd, nhung cy Trieu khdng nhdn vd gid Iqi ngay ngudi ta Iqi bdo nhau: Hinh nhu cy Cu khdng vi, nhung cy cd viet mdt buc thu rdt ddi de Idm thdn vdi cy Cd, cy Cd Idng ta cung da nghT Iqi Lgi ed ke ndi vi tin tue bqn each mqng Id «Chinh tdi hdm qua chung nd dd vdo huyen rdi " Thdm thi rdi ddn dqi, chuyen cy Cu, cdi
thuyen, mdy cdi hdm, rdi chuyen cdeh mqng dudng nhu ehdng dn nhdp gi Nhung dung Id tCr hdm dd khdng khf Idng Mui ed thay ddi thdt, ed mdt cuqc each mqng dien ro d Idng
Mui thdt
Cuqc cdeh mqng den Ddu hieu cua nd sy am hieu eua ngudi ddn Idng Mui rdt mo hd Dja ehu lo sg, ngudi ddn nhdn nhdo hoang mang, hq eho rdng cdeh mqng cd nghTo Id «eaeh me
cdi mqng", Idm cdeh mqng cd nghTo Id «ldm gide" Hq edn mieu td, «bqn edch mqng" md hq
nhin thdy Id: «Chu ndo ehu dy, gidp bqch, mu
bqch, dn ban trdng todt mdt loqt de tang cho vua Sung Chinh" (nhdn vdt Sung Chfnh ehfnh Id Sung
Trinh - dng vua cudi cung eua nhd Minh bj tu nqn) Trong y nghi euo ddn Idng M u i , cuqc edch mqng chi Id mot euqc chfnh bien, vuong trieu ndy ddnh vuong trieu kio de len trj vi md thdi Hq eho rdng nhirng ngudi ldm cdeh mqng ung hd
#
* Truding Cao dang sir pham Thai Nguyen
(2)nhd Minh Idt dd vua nhd Thanh nen mdi de tang eho vua Sung Chfnh Cuqc edch mqng den lue ndo khdng biet rd, den rdi mqi ngudi cung chdng biet dd Id gi Bqn «thu iTnh" cdeh mqng d Idng Mui cung bdt ddu voi trd eua minh bdng hdnh ddng rdt «vd vdn" Id dem dudi som eudn vdng quanh tren dinh ddu vd Igi dyng co hgi nhdp nhem de tu Igi (thdng qua hinh tuqng «Tdy gid")
Ld Tdn dd nhdn tinh chdt «nua vdi" eua cuqc cdeh mqng Tdn Hgi Ong nhdn ro rdng cuqc cdeh mqng ndy khdng ddp irng dugc sy trdng dgi cua ngudi ddn, vi ddy Id sy edu ket, thdo hiep giira giai cdp tu sdn vd the lue phong kien Ldo «Tdy g i d " vd cdu Tu vdn dr ehdng uo gi nhau, nhung tu «cdch mqng" nd ra, Iqi dang «cung
nhau muu euqc tdn" ndy, hoi dng bdng dung
thdnh thdn mdt, trd chuyen rdt tdm ddu y hgp nhu «hai ddng chi" Hai dng cdn hen hd cung di Idm «cdch mqng"; rdi cung den chiio Tinh Thu vd bdt ddu nhCrng «hdnh ddng cdeh
mqng" euo minh Chung ddp ndt bdi vj d giua
chua, dung bo toong bd xudng ddu su bd vd Id'y di cdi lu huong Tuyen Due xua vdn de thd trudc tugng Dire Quan Am Ldm xong viee «hai
nhd each mqng" ro ve, de Iqi ndi «thdt kinh" cho
su bd vd ed tieu
Ld Tdn mieu td «thdnh qud" md cuqc cdeh mqng dem Iqi thdt nyc cudi, vd nghTa: «Cdch
mqng dd vdo huyen nhung chdng cd gl thay ddi khde trudc Quan huyen vdn Id quan huyen cd, chdng qua bdy gid gqi Id quan gi gl dy, cy Cu cung Idm quan gl gl dy! Nhdng chuc tude mdi, d Idng Mui chang hieu gl hit Cdn dng Idnh binh thi vdn Id dng Idnh binh ngdy trudc" Tdt ed vdn
nguyen si nhu cu, thdm chi dd edn «cd mdy
ngudi cdeh mgng khdng tdt xen vdo Idm rdi logn cd lin" Khdng nhung vdy, cuqc cdeh mqng edn
chd't ehdng them nhieu noi bi ddt eho ngudi ndng ddn - tir hi vqng mo hd, khien hq hdm hd, rdi rdt cuqc Iqi bj giet chet (nhu AQ)
2 Hinh dnh nhan yqt A Q
Nhdn vdt A Q chinh Id hinh dnh «dqi dien cho sy mo hd" euo ngudi ddn Trung Qud'c cuqc cdeh mqng Tdn Hgi Tir ddu den cudi, tir lue ed cdeh mqng d Idng Mui den luc cdeh mqng «hen hdnh" xong, chinh quyen mdi len ndm quyen vd mong A Q di chdt ddu, y vdn khdng hieu cdeh mqng Id gi vd chua dugc Idm each mqng chut ndo (thdm ehi A Q liic ddu rdt ghet cdeh mqng) Chdng biet vi ddu, chi biet «trong ddu dcydd cd
sdn maty kie'n"cho rdng: «Ldm edch mgng tuc Id
Tap chi Giao due so (ki a - 3/aoii)
ldm gide, md Idm gide tuc Id bdo hgi y" Nhung
ve sou, A Q Iqi thdy cy Cu «ddnh gid" phdi ng edch mqng, «hudng nua Id y Igi thdy Id ddn dng,
ddn bd khdn ngn d Idng Mui cudng quyt ed lin
n / i u v g / " t h i y Id'y Idm khodi ehi Idm Y nghT bung
«Cdeh mgng cung hay! Cdeh cdi mgng Id chung nd di! Ghet qud di mdt! Gidt qud di mdt! Td, td se di ddu hdng cdeh mgng"
Ngudi ndng ddn bj ddm chim ngdn ndm dd hd eua phong kien, bj dp buc bde lot, bj rdng budc bdi ede le gido phong kien ed hu vd tdn nhdn nen hq mong chd mdt sy «ddi d d i " d mdt euqc each mqng Id mdt nguyen vqng ehfnh ddng Hon het, Lo Tdn dd nhin thd'y nguyen vqng dd d ngudi ndng ddn Bdng hinh dnh eua «ehu A Q " , Lo Tdn dd ehi cdm nhdn euo ngudi ndng ddn ddi vdi cdeh mqng Sou quyet djnh di «ddu
hdng cdeh mgng", A Q lien tudng rdng y Id
ngudi euo cdeh mqng vd cd bqn ddn Idng Miii dd trd thdnh «tu binh" euo y Ldm edch mqng ed nghTo Id «/dm gide", md dd «ldm gide" thi dut khodt cy ed hq Trieu, thdng «Tdy g i d " , nhi/ng ke xua dd tirng dp birc, de nen, dqo nqt A Q se phdi sg y Y quyet khdng tho thdng ndo ed A Q eho rdng cdeh mqng ed nghTo Id «cdc'h
me cdi mgng" Ben cqnh d d , A Q cung y thue
dugc rdng, Idm cdeh mqng cd nghTo Id dugc Idm nhCrng gi minh mudn A Q se dugc tjeh thu het tdt ed tdi sdn cua cy ed hg Trieu, cy ed hq Tien, cua nhirng toy soi dja chu gidu ed nhd't trong Idng Mui «Dd dgc thi vdo thang nhd cy
Cd phd cdi ruong xem tiin ddng, vdng bgc sa md trudc hit phdi khudn ngay cdi giudng Hdng Kdng cua Mg Tu vi din Thdd cdi dd Ngodi ra, cdn bg bdn ghi'nhd hg Tien, cung chuyen vi ndt " Dd Id y nghi
phdn khdng tdo bqo vd ude mo cua nhirng ngudi ngheo khd Ndng ddn mudn Idm cdeh mqng, Ld Tdn cung nhin thdy khd ndng vd hem lye dd thdng qua nhdn vdt A Q
Khi viet AQ Chinh truyen, Ld Tdn dd ed tu tudng cdeh mqng ddn ehu Ld ngudi yeu nude, thuong ndi, dng ludn mudn dung vdn hqc de cuu nude, eiru ddn toe Khi nghe thdy ed cuqc cdeh mqng Tdn Hgi xdy ro tren ddt nude minh, dng rdt mung, hi vqng se ed sy ddi mdi tren que huong dng Nhung dng dd hodn todn thdt vqng Ngay hnh thdn phdn khdng euo A Q cung chua phdi Id tinh thdn phdn khdng cd phuang hudng vd dudng Id'i rd ret A Q tudng tugng
(3)Ngodi ro, cdn ddnh mdt thdi lugng nhd't djnh hqc phdn de td chuc RL eho SV kl ndng: Viet chu dep, viet bang, trinh bdy bdng, dung Idp, cdc thu thudt len Idp vd ddc biet Id kl ndng xu li cdc tinh hud'ng SP thyc te ; ehu trqng phuong phdp ty hqc vd ty nghien cuu tdi lieu eua SV; yeu edu hq edn hr trau ddi kien thirc vd kl ndng eho ehfnh minh, ty thye hdnh d nhd vd ty hm kiem tdi lieu de c6 nhieu thdng tin hen nCra; thorn khdo tdi lieu lien quan tdi mdn hqc tCr nhieu ngudn: thdy ed, bqn be, sdeh bdo, internet Ben cqnh d d , cung cdn xem xet den viee tdng them thdi lugng gidng dqy hqc phdn RLNVSPTX cd tren Idp vd dudi trudng phd thdng de SV cd dieu kien thue hdnh nhieu hon cdc gid RLNVSP Dieu ndy se giup hq tiep xuc vdi kien thire If thuyet mdt cdeh de ddng hem, nhanh hon, hieu qud hen; ed sy bqo dqn, ty tin, linh hoqt hon dung tren bye gidng vd viee x u li cdc hnh hudng SP
4) Cdng tde kiem tra, ddnh gid hgc phdn
Cho tdi nay, chuong trinh dqy hqc theo nien che, viee ddnh gid vdn thien ve ddnh gid theo kT ndng, chua cd ddnh gid theo hqc phdn, dd gidng vien gdp phdi khdng ft khd khdn kiem tra vd ddnh gid viee RLNVSP cua SV Vi the, edn xdy dyng quy trinh ddnh gid hgp If, ddm bdo ddnh gid dugc mdi ed nhdn viee thyc hdnh Krng kTndng nghiep vy cung nhu phdn dnh dugc khdeh quan ndng lye NVSP euo SV Dieu
ndy cung gdp phdn thay ddi nhdn thuc euo SV ve viee hqc tdp hqc phdn
5) Thdi lugng hgc tap vd RLNVSPTX Tren
thye te, sd lugng het hqc ddnh eho hqc phdn cdn khd ft, mdi kT ndng cung chi dugc thyc hdnh mot sd tiet nhd't dinh Viee tdng thdi lugng cho hqc phdn NVSP ddp ung dugc nhung hqn che tren vd khien eho viee RL NVSP ngdy edng dugc ndng cao hen
««»
Tdm Iqi, RLNVSP thudng xuyen eho SV su phqm ed vai trd rdt quan trqng hong viee ddo tqo nghe nghiep cho gido vien ndi chung vd GVTH ndi rieng tuang lai Tuy nhien, thyc te hien eho thd'y viee dqy vd hoc NVSPTH d hudng su phqm vdn edn gdp khdng ft khd khdn; vi the rdt edn cd them nhirng nghien eiru chuyen sdu ve nhiem vy ndy nhdm gdp phdn ndng cao hieu qud dqy hoc hqc phdn ndy cung nhu hieu qud
qud trinh ddo tqo gido v i e n • •
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Duong Giang Thien Hirong (chu bien) Giao trinh
ren luyen nghiep vu supham tieu hoc NXB Dgi hgc
suphgm, H 2009
2 Nguyen Viet Bac (chiJ bien) Ren luyen nghiep vu
sirpham thuong xuyen NXB Gido due, H.20O7
3 NguySn Thi Van Anh "Thuc trang cong tac ren luyen nghiep vu su pham thucmg xuyen cua sinh vien Ichoa Giao due tieu hoc - Trircmg Dai hoc su pham Ha Noi" (Cong trinh NCKH) 20ll)
Binh flang gidi
(Tii'p theo trang 13)
Cd the thdy rdng, gido dye d Viet Nam giai doqn 2002-2008 dd ed sy binh ddng ve gidi Dieu dd the hien qua h le biet ehu euo nam vd nir tren phqm vi ed nude, ti le di hoe chung euo nam vd nir d bdc TH, THCS, THPT cung nhu h le dqt bdng cdp cao nhd't eua nu gidi so vdi nam gidi d tdt cd cdc cdp hqc, bde hoc Ddy Id mot nhung myc heu cua Viet Nam nhdm tien tdi mdt xd hdi cdng bdng, ddn ehu vd vdn minh •
(1) Tran Thi Van Anh - Le Ngoc Hung
Phu nu", gidi va phat trien NXB Phu
ml, H.2000
Hinli anh cuoc each mang Tan Hoi
f7/ep theo trang 29)
md di «ldm gide" thi «tyi ddn Idng Mui khdn nqn se quy rdn
rat xudng van xin: «AQ tha chit eho tdi di! Nhung nghe chung nd! Thdng cu D, ddng tdi chit trudc Rdi cy edhq Trieu, ed ldo Tu nda, cd thdng «Tdy gid" nua ed nin tha eho thang ndo khdng nhi? Ke Ida Vuong Rdu Xdm fhl tha cung chdng hi gl, nhung bdt tdt" Tdt cd nhOng nhqn thue cua A Q
ve each mqng, ke cd nhung suy nghi dd'i vdi ngudi cung cdnh ngd nhu minh cung du chung td euqc cdeh mqng Tdn Hgi thye sy thieu hnh gide ngd ddi vdi qudn chOng nhdn ddn, thodt li vdi qudn chung nhdn ddn, thdm chf cdn cdu ket vdi phong kien, idm dieu dung them so phdn vd'n dd bi ddt cua ngudi
ndng ddn.G
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Phuong Luu L6 Tan, nha U luan van hoc NXB Gido due H.1997 2 Luong Due Trung "Van hoc Viet Nam a Trung Quo'c"" Tgp chi' Vdn hoc, so 3/1973^