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iii Đôi khi NEITHER/NOR trạng từ cũng được dùng trong một câu mà vế trước dùng ở thể khẳng định thường thì giữa hai mệnh đề độc lập có một dấu phẩy, Ví dụ: * He slept all day; NOR did h[r]
(1)Either – Neither – Both – Not only … But also PART A- USAGE A- Đặc điểm: *Either = cái này, cái kia, người này người *Neither = Không phải cái này mà không phải cái kia, không phải người này mà không phải người *Both = hai Có số điểm giống nhau: a> Ba từ nói trên có thể dùng để hai người hai vật, không thể ba người hay ba vật trở lên Ví dụ: Either shirt is OK : cái áo sơmi nào (nghĩa là cái này hay cái được) I like neither of them : tôi không thích người nào (trong số hai người) They are both too young to go to school : hai đứa còn nhỏ quá chưa học 22 Peter doesn't like scuba-diving does his brother A Too B Neither C Either D So (TRÍCH ĐỀ THI TNPTTH NĂM 2009-2010 MÃ ĐỀ 139) b> Ba từ nói trên có thể dùng tính từ, đại từ hay liên từ + Tính từ Ví dụ: * Neither student is good at maths * There are trees on either side of this treet * Both these girls are married + Đại từ Ví dụ: * Either (of them) can swim * Neither (of them) has a bicycle * I know both (of them) + Liên từ Ví dụ: * He neither drinks nor smokes * A bird may be either shot or trapped * The statue of Liberty was both designed and presented to the American people by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi Trong phần liên từ này ta có thể kể thêm tương liên từ (correlative) not only…but also… (không những….mà còn… Vì cấu trúc gần giống các liên từ = either…or…, neither…nor…, và both… and…) Page Lop11.com (2) Either – Neither – Both – Not only … But also Riêng trạng từ, thì “either” “neither” có dùng vị trí trạng từ, “both” thì không Trái lại “both” có thể lảm nhiệm vụ đồng vị chủ ngữ là đại từ nhân xưng Ví dụ: * We both cut ourselves while shaving Từ đồng vị “both” có thể đứng trợ từ và động từ chính hay sau động từ “to be” Ví dụ: * They can both swim well * You are both late * They have both gone to market B- Cấu trúc 1) Tính từ (part1) 2) Trạng từ (Adverb) Ví dụ: * She can’t climb the mountain and he can’t EITHER * I wasn’t at the beauty contest and NEITHER was she * Thuy didn’t have her hair cut, NEITHER did her brother * A: I shan’t go overseas next month B: I shant’t EITHER/ NEITHER shall I Từ các ví dụ trên ta có thể thấy, EITHER và NEITHER dụng trạng từ thì có thể sử dụng thể phủ định a, EITHER (Adv) i) Cả hai vế, trước và sau, thể phủ định ii) EITHER đứng sau “to be”, sau trợ động từ (trong câu hỏi ngắn gọn) và cuối câu Ví dụ: * I’m not happy and you aren’t EITHER * She can’t ski and I can’t EITHER * The boy didn’t his homework, he didn’t learn his lesson EITHER * He hasn’t been to Halong Bay and his sister hasn’t been there yet EITHER b) NEITHER/NOR (Adv) i) NEITHER và NOR có thể dùng để bày tỏ động ý với lời phát biểu phủ định Ví dụ: * A: I can’t dance B: I can’t EITHER (NEITHER/NOR can I) Chú ý: Trong đàm thoại còn có thể nói: Me NEITHER! / NOR me! ii) NEITHER và NOR câu nói mà chủ ngữ hai vế trước và sau là người nói thì Page Lop11.com (3) Either – Neither – Both – Not only … But also có hai cách: Cách thứ nhất: Trước NEITHER hay NOR có thêm liên từ kết hợp là AND hay BUT (động từ mệnh đề sau dạng nghi vấn) Ví dụ: * He can’t dance and NEITHER/NOR can his sister * I can’t play the violin but NEITHER/NOR can she Chú ý: Cách dùng AND và BUT với NOR thì người Anh thường dùng các người nói tiếng Anh khác trên giới (Úc, philipin…) Ngược lại, các nơi khác thì thường dùng AND và BUT với NEITHER Cách thứ hai: Tiếp theo vế thứ nhất, không cần dùng liên từ AND hay BUT mà cần ngăn cách hai mệnh đề dấu phẩy(,) (lẽ dĩ nhiên động từ thể nghi vấn) Ví dụ: * He wasn’t invited to the party, NOR did he want to join in iii) Đôi NEITHER/NOR (trạng từ) dùng câu mà vế trước dùng thể khẳng định (thường thì hai mệnh đề độc lập có dấu phẩy(, ) Ví dụ: * He slept all day; NOR did he eat anything 4.Liên từ a) Quy luật chung: Các liên từ EITHER… OR…, NEITHER… NOR…, BOTH….AND…., NOT ONLY… BUT ALSO… có quy luật chung, gọi là quy luật cân đối, nghĩa là câu kép (compound sentence) vế đầu hay mệnh đề đầu EITHER, NEITHER, BOTH, NOT ONLY với loại từ nào thì vế sau hay mệnh đề sau OR, NOR, AND, BUT ALSO phải với loại từ đó Ví dụ: * He speaks BOTH English AND French (vế trước BOTH với danh từ, vế sau AND với danh từ) Chú ý: Nếu ta nói: “He BOTH speaks English AND French” thì cân đối văn đàm thoại chấp nhận Ví dụ: * She NEITHER smokes NOR drinks (NEITHER, NOR đứng trước động từ) * He is BOTH deaf AND dumb (BOTH, AND đứng trước tính từ) * You can speak EITHER slowly OR fast It doesn’t matter to me (EITHER, OR đứng trước Page Lop11.com (4) Either – Neither – Both – Not only … But also trạng từ) * Your father was NEITHER at home NOR in his office (NEITHER, NOR đứng trước giới từ) * She gave up her job NOT ONLY because she had a baby BUT ALSO because the pay was low (NOT ONLY, BUT ALSO đứng trước liên từ) b) Những trường hợp cá biệt: i) EITHER…OR… và NEITHER…NOR… - EITHER và NEITHER liên từ, khác với EITHER và NEITHER tính từ chỗ danh từ sau EITHER…OR… và NEITHER…NOR… có thể có mạo từ xác định, hay không xác định, có this, that hay tính từ sở hữu đứng trước: Ví dụ: * EITHER my father of my mother will see me off * I have got NEITHER the time NOR the money to go travelling * EITHER a boy OR a girl can callisthenics * NEITHER this hat NOR that one suits me - EITHER…OR…, NEITHER…NOR…, có áp dụng cho ba người hay vật Ví dụ: * You can EITHER make some coffee OR you can make some tea, OR you can BOTH * NEITHER enticement, NOR threat, NOR torture could make him supply any information - Nếu chủ từ khác số (nhiều hay ít) hay ngôi (person) thì động từ hiệp theo từ gần nhất, tức theo nguyên tắc từ gần (principle of proximity) Ví dụ: * NEITHER he NOR his friends were seen at the meeting * EITHER the boy OR his brothers have been there * EITHER you OR I am to blame * NEITHER you NOR she was wrong Tuy nhiên, người ta thường tránh lối để chủ ngữ và tách riêng chủ ngữ hai vế khác Ví dụ: Page Lop11.com (5) Either – Neither – Both – Not only … But also * EITHER you are to blame OR I am * You were not wrong, NOR was she ii) NOT ONLY… BUT ALSO… -Trong câu “NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO…”, vế sau có thể để nguyên BUT ALSO, có thể bớt Also hay tách rời also khỏi but và để also trở thành trạng từ thêm nghĩa cho động từ, có But có thể bỏ Ví dụ: * NOT ONLY children but grown up people also love Walt Disney cartoons * NOT ONLY children but (also) grown up people love Walt Disney cartoons - Khi NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO… cùng với động từ ta lại muốn nhấn mạnh để người nghe hay người đọc chú ý thì có thể để NOT ONLY đầu câu và động từ thì dạng nghi vấn.(INVERSION) Ví dụ: * NOT ONLY did the bush crash into a tree, (but) it also ran over a child PART B- EXERCISES I Hãy viết lại các câu đây cách dùng liên từ ngoặc Ex: He enjoys collecting stamps AND old china (BOTH…AND…) => He enjoys collecting BOTH stamps AND old china The chickens haven’t been fed; the pigs haven’t been fed EITHER (NEITHER…NOR…) She carried me in her arms AND she lutted me to sleep (NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO…) You were mad OR drunk (EITHER…OR…) You can find it in the library OR in a second-hand book shop (EITHER…OR…) The boy is intelligent AND hardworking (BOTH…AND…) He didn’t want his coffee OR his tea strong (NEITHER…NOR) You can take these tablets OR seek a doctor’s advice (EITHER…OR…) The thief stole my money AND tore up my identify card (NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO) He spoke French fluently AND correctly (BOTH…AND…) Page Lop11.com (6) Either – Neither – Both – Not only … But also 10 She should get a scholarship OR she should work her way through medical school (EITHER…OR…) 11 Fred likes helping his friends So does Linda (both and) Both Fred and Linda like helping their friends 12 Harry used to date Ann Or was it Helen? (either or) Harry used to date either Ann or Helen 13 We should learn to accept our weaknesses and our strengths (not only but also) We should learn to accept not only our weaknesses but also our strengths 14 He never listens to or advises his friends when they have a problem.(neither nor) He neither listens to nor advises his friends when they have a problem 15 I've betrayed your trust I've betrayed your love for me (not only but also) I've betrayed not only your trust but also your love for me 16 He felt disappointed He felt misunderstood (both and) He felt both disappointed and misunderstood 17 Brian isn't very considerate Neither is Tom.(neither nor) Neither Brian nor Tom are very considerate 18 A true friend is someone who is caring and loving (both and) A true friend is someone who is both caring and loving 19 Rachel should apologise or leave (either or) Rachel should either apologise or leave 20 Richard and John didn't keep her secret (neither nor) Neither Richard nor John kept her secret II CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION I’m going to bed early tonight I’m too tired; I can’t watch movie on TV - can I A Either B Not C So D Neither I left it on the table in the drawer A either – nor B neither – or C either – or D either – either the radio the television works properly A Neither – nor B Neither – or C Either – nor D Not – nor He could not come did not want to A either – or B neither – or C either – nor D nor – nor The hotel is neither spacious A or comfortable B nor comfortable C or comfort D nor comfort Not did she refuse to speak to him, but she also vowed never to see him again A even B only C at all D always He neither drank smoked so he had good health A nor B or C but D also Neither the TV nor the video sets properly A works B work C has worked D is working Now women work both before after having their children Page Lop11.com (7) Either – Neither – Both – Not only … But also 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 A or B also C nor D and It is the event a lot A has been talked about B that has been talked about C Has talked about D that has talked about She hard but also gets on well with her classmates A doesn’t only study B studies not only C not only studies D not studies only Either you leave now ! A I will also call the police B but I will call the police C or will I call the police D or I will call the police Not only John but also his two brothers football as their recreation every weekend A play B plays C were playing D has played I left it on the table in the drawer A either – nor B neither – or C either – or D either – either Not only John but also his two brothers football as their recreation every weekend A play B plays C were playing D has played It is the library A that often I borrow books from B which I often borrow books from C where I often borrow books from D from that I often borrow books Julia her sister are going to the party A Both - and B Neither - nor C Either - or D Not only – but also It was the electric guitar was bought by my uncle A that B whom C it D who III Put in both / either / neither Ann has two sisters and a brother _ sisters are married These were two pictures on the wall I didn’t like …………… of them It was a very good tennis match _ players played well It wasn’t a good tennis match _ player played well “Is your friend Canadian or American? _ she’s Australian.” We went away for two days But the weather wasn’t very good It rained _ days “I bought two newspapers Which one you want? “ _ It doesn’t matter which one.” I invited Jack and Linda to my party, but _ of them came “Do you go to work by car or by bus? “ _ I always walk ” 10 “Which jacket you prefer, this one or that one? “I don’t like _ of them ” 11 “Do you work or are you a student?” “ _ I have a job, but I study too.” 12 Ann and I didn’t know the time because _ of us had a watch IV Choose the correct statement to AGREE with the first sentence The students weren’t able to finish the test quickly A I was either B Neither was I C Neither did I either D Neither was I able I am not ready for the next exercise! A Neither will I! B Neither I! C I either! D Neither am I! Page Lop11.com (8) Either – Neither – Both – Not only … But also I am not a smart student I won’t either B I don’t either C I am not either She shouldn’t study more! Neither will B I! Neither shall I! C Neither should I! Lucard doesn’t comes from Italy I am not either B Neither don’t I C Neither I I don’t drive a Honda A I am not either B Neither am I C Neither I I won’t go tonight A Neither will I B I can’t either C I am either Jacques doesn’t go to school to study English A I am either B Neither am I C Neither can I Erika won’t watch the news on TV tonight A I didn’t either B Neither did I C Neither will I 10 They won’t buy a new car A I might either B Neither will I C I must either 11 Stan isn’t at work right now A Neither will I B Neither am I C Neither should I 12 Kathy doesn’t like cats! A I don’t either! B Neither am I! C I am not either! 13 I don’t go to work every day A Neither I B Do I either C Neither am I 14 Phillip can’t type well A I will either B Neither could I C I could either 15 I don’t need to go to work A I don’t work either B Neither need I C I wasn’t either D I don’t either 16 He doesn’t need to study A I don’t need either B Neither I C I should either D Neither need I 17 She doesn’t wish to stop smoking A I wasn’t either B Neither am I C Neither wish I 18 Margaret couldn’t go A I wouldn’t either B I shouldn’t either C I could either D Neither could I 19 Maria shouldn’t her homework now A I am not either B I shouldn’t either C Shouldn’t I either 20 I am not writing a letter to a friend A I can’t either B Neither I C I don’t either D I can’t either D I couldn’t either! D Neither am I D Neither is mine D I would not D I don’t either D Neither would I D And I might not D Neither I D And I am either! D I am not either D I can’t either D Neither I D Neither I D I am not either THE END -Page Lop11.com (9)