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De cd phttdng tien tien te phuc vu cho hoat ddng cua mat tran va nhan dan vung giai phdng, nam 1964 mat tran da cho phat hanh mdt bd tien gia'y gdm 8 loai menh gia mang ten "Uy B[r]
(1)I I I ! "Hl/dfNG TGfl KY NIEM 60 NAM NGAY THANH LAP NGANH NGAN HANG VIET NAM"
^ CHAM PHA TIEN TRINH PHAT TRIEN NGAN H A N G VIET NAM
NHIN QUA LICH Sif TIEN TE VIET NAM
TS N g u y e n D a i Lai N H N N V i ? t Nam
• ^ T P d a khong chdo don ngdy sinh nhdt ldn thd 60 ngdnh Ngdn hdng Vi?t m m Nam thdi dai Ho Chi Minh, bdi viet ndy gidi thieu mgt sd siiu tdm yd doi dong g g ve tien trinh phdt trien Ngdn hdng Viet Nam nhin qua lich sd ve tien te cua ^ L Jm nddc ta Vdi khudn khd hep cua bdi viet vd de co mgt cdi nhin khdi qudt ve vdn de mang tinh "lich sd, kinh te vd vdn hoa" ndy, tdc gid xin tam phdn chia mgt cdch khdi qudt "cdc thdi dgi" tien te cua Viet Nam thdnh cdc giai doan gdn vdi lich sd kinh te - chinh tri - xd hgi cua ddt nddc nhd sau:
Thtti k y P h o n g k i e n
Hau h e t cat trieu Vua, Chua nttdt t a deu p h a t h a n h tien bttng h a i nguyen lieu chinh la ddng va kem Ddng xu vao loai td n h a t t d n ghi lai dttdt la ddng xu n a m 544 - Thtti t i e n Ly (Ly Bi 503 - 548) - Qud'c hieu Van Xuan, n i e n hieu T h i e n Dttc Vua Ly N a m De cho due t i e n m a n g t e n "Thien Dttc t h n g bao" "Tudi" cua ddng tien den hdm da gan 1500 n a m , r a t tiec la h i e n thtta tha'y n h a sttu t a p nao to tay bao vat qui Sau n a y ttt thtti vua Dinh Tien Hoang khdi n g h i e p n a m 968 de'n Nguydn Vinh Thuy (bao dai) - vi vua cudi t u n g trieu Nguyen - len ng6i n a m 1926 va p h a i thoai vi n a m 1945, hau he^t cac trieu dai da cho dttc t i e n rieng Ddng t i e n xu b a n g ddng cd n h a t cdn Ittu gitt dttdt dtttti h i n h t h a i h i e n v a t tai n h a truyen tho'ng N g a n h a n g N h a nttttt (NHNN) Viet N a m va nhieu n h a sttu t a m dd td khac la ddng t i e n dtttti trieu D i n h Bp Linh, hieu Dinh Tien H o a n g n a m 968, cd k h a t thtt Dinh (bang thtt nho) t u n g n i e n hieu Qude hieu t r e n m a t cua ddng t i e n m a n g t e n "Thai b i n h t h n g bao" Ddng tien cua tttng trieu dai k h n g chi vdi mue d i t h l a m phttdng t i e n mua b a n h a n g hda t r o n g Ittu t h d n g , m a cdn de a n d i n h n i e n dai tri vi va chtta gia t r i v a n hoa dttdc "kfu d a n h h a u the^", dd nd m a n g d a m y nghia lich stt, van hda, xa hdi eua d a n tdc Rieng Vua Hd Qui Ly (Trieu n h a Hd tdn tai n a m ttt n a m 1400-1407 qua hai ddi vua la Hd
Qui Ly n a m 1400 va Hd H a n Thttttng ttt n a m 1401-1407) cho p h a t h a n h t i e n giay va chi tdn t a i bdn n a m ttt n a m 1400-1404, de'n n a m l lai trtt ve stt d u n g b a n g c h a t lieu t i e n ddng va t i e n k e m Ddng t i e n xu N h a Hd m a n g ten "Khai dai t h d n g bao"
Thtti k y t h u p c P h a p
Ttt n a m 1858-1875 k h i chtta cd N g a n hang Ddng Dttdng t h i t r e n dat Viet tieu ddng thdi nhieu loai t i e n k h a c n h a u : t i e n F r a n c ciia P h a p , t i e n Mexicd, t i e n "Lien h i e p Phap", t i e n T r u n g Qude
Ttt n a m 1875 k h i N g a n h a n g Ddng Dttdng t h a n h l a p t h i d a n t a tieu t i e n Ddng Dttttng m a n g b a n vi bac D e n 1880 t i e n Ddng Dttttng m a n g b a n vi v a n g , tieu song song vdi ddng F r a n c cua P h a p va ea(^ loai t i e n ddng, tien k e m cu Ttt n a m 8 - , t i e n g i a y Ddng Dttdng r a dtti v a m a n g b a n vi b a c , ttt n a m 1930-1936 d d n g t i e n n a y m a n g b a n vi vang Ttt n a m 1936-1954 che' dp b a n vi v a n g hi s u p dd v a d d n g D o n g Dttdng n e o gia t r i vao d d n g F r a n c cua P h a p - cd the' gpi la b a n vi F r a n c P h a p
C h e dp t i e n t^ d a k h u v i i c tijf n a m 1945-1975
Thtti ky nhttng n a m 1945-1951, k h i chtta cd N g a n h a n g Qudt gia (NHQG), t r o n g giai doan
nganhang
(2)"Hl/dfNG TGfl KY N I | M 60 N A M NGAY T H A N H LAP NGANH NGAN H A N G VIET NAM" H i
khang chien cho'ng x a m Ittdc P h a p , chinh quyen t a t h m a n g p h a i l a n h dao toan d a n thttt hien ddng thtti h a i n h i e m vu t h i e n Ittdc: khang thie^n va k i e n quoc Trong dd v a n de tai chinh, tien te dttdc dac biet quan t a m va coi dd la vu k h i s a t ben, trttc tiep cua ca h a i nhiem vu chien lUdc noi t r e n Ngay 1/12/1945, diing ba t h a n g sau t h a n h lap nttttc Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hda - md dau thtti dai Hd Chi Minh d Viet N a m , ddng tien t a i chinh vdi chat lieu n h m dau tien, loai h a i hao cua ta dttdc p h a t h a n h Tiep theo, 21/1/1946 ta phat h a n h ddng t i e n n h m loai n a m hao, 31/1/1946 p h a t h a n h tien giay gpi la "Giay bac Viet N a m " dau tien d mien Trung Ngay 13/8/1946 p h a t h a n h Giay bac t r e n toan mien BSc va sau ky hpp Qud'c hpi l a n thtt h a i vao thang 11/1946, C h i n h phu da cho phep Bp Tai chinh tiep tuc p h a t h a n h giay bac Viet Nam t r e n p h a m vi toan quoc De phu hdp vtti chu trttttng "ttt t a p , ttt t u t , toan d a n khang chien, toan dien k h a n g chien va dia phttdng ttt lap", Chinh phu da cho h i n h t h a n h mpt che dp tien te dac biet: vtta t a p trung, vtta phi t a p trung T r e n toan qude, ndi nao cd dieu kien (chu yeu la vung ttt do) t h i Ittu h a n h tien tai chinh (Giay bac Viet N a m ) , ndi nao thupc vung dich kiem soat t h i tieu ddng thdi ca tien D6ng Dudng, ddng P i a s t r e , ca tien t a i chinh dia phUdng C h i n h phii t r u n g ttdng uy quyen cho chinh quyen each m a n g dia phttdng phat h a n h va gdm ca "tien Viet N a m hda"
bang each dong dau t u a Uy b a n K h a n g chien dia phttdng len tien dich de Ittu hanh Day kh6ng chi la thdi ky dau t r a n h t r e n cac linh vttc t h i n h t r i , quan stt vtti dich, m a t h u a t ngO "dau t r a n h tien te vtti dich" cung trd t h a n h mpt khau hieu h a n h ddng chi dao chien Ittdc cua Dang Lao ddng Viet N a m sudt thdi ky toan qu6'c k h a n g chien (ttt 19/12/1946 den chien t h a n g Dien Bien P h u n a m 1954)
Thdi ky ddi NHQG Vi$t Nam ndm 1951 den gidi phong Mien Nam ndm 1975
Ngay 6/5/1951 tai Sac lenh sd 15/ SL Chu t i t h Hd Chi Minh ky chuan y viec t h a n h lap N H Q G Viet N a m (de t h a y t h e "Nha Ngan k h d Quoc gia" va "Nha Tin dung San xua't" trttc t h u d t Bd Tai chinh da t h a n h lap t r u d t dd t r e n cd sd "Viet N a m Qudt gia Ngan hang" thudt Bp Tai chinh dttdc thiet lap theo Sac lenh so 86/SL 17/9/1947 cua Chu tich Chinh phu Dan chu Cdng hoa Viet Nam) Ngay r a ddi, N H Q G da chinh thttc p h a t h a n h ddng tien giay m a n g t e n "NHQG Viet N a m " t h a y ddng tien Tai chinh Ddi 10 ddng tien Tai chinh a n ddng tien NHQG Cudc ddi tien dau tien, dien ttti 20 t h a n g - dai n h a t lich stt ddi tien cua Ngan h a n g Viet Nam N a m 1954, sau Viet N a m t a m thtti bi chia t h a n h hai mien vtti h a i chinh quyen khac nhau, ddng tien da trtt t h a n h tien te d mien Bttc, so vtti tien P i a s t r e la 32 ddng mien Bac b a n g piastre la
Cong nghe ngan hang
(3)I l l "Hl/dfNG T ^ KY NlfM 60 NAM NGAY THANH LAP NGANH NGAN HANG V I | T NAM" ddng tien sau dd chi dung d mien Nam Giay
bat ngan hang mien Bat ed loai menh gia: ddng (d), lOd, 20d, 50d, lOOd, 200d, 500d, l.OOOd va 5.000d Ngay 28/2/1959, vtti eude ddi tien lan thtt hai, mdt dttn vi ddng khac (bd tien 1958) da thay the ddn vi bd tien tu 1951 vtti ty le ddng cua bd tien nam 1958 bang l.OOOd nttm 1951 Vtti gia tri mtti nay, vao thdi diem ttt thang 2/1959 de'n thang
10/1960; ddng NHQG Viet Nam bang 1,36 Rttp Lien Xd va tttttng dttttng 1,2 USD Cudc ddi tien nttm 1959 dttttc danh gia la "ngoan mut" nhat lich stt tien te Viet Nam Tai Thdng ttt sd 20/VP-TH, 21/1/1960 Tdng Giam dd'c NHQG Viet Nam ky thtta uy quyen Thu tttttng Chinh phu ddi ten NHQG Viet Nam "NHNN Viet Nam" de phu hdp Hien Phap 1959 va tranh trung ten vtti NHQG tua thinh quyen Sai Gdn Sau dd khdng lau, de'n thang 10/1961 ddng tien NHQG Viet Nam d mien Bac cung dttdc ddi ten ddng tien NHNN Viet Nam vdi cung mdt menh gia de tranh trung ten vtti ddng tien NHQG d mien Nam va de phu hdp vtti ten mtti cua NHNN Viet Nam Nttm 1960, Mat tran Dan tdc Giai phdng mien Nam Viet Nam ddi - la mdt td chttc each mang rdng Ittn d mien Nam De cd phttdng tien tien te phuc vu cho hoat ddng cua mat tran va nhan dan vung giai phdng, nam 1964 mat tran da cho phat hanh mdt bd tien gia'y gdm loai menh gia mang ten "Uy Ban Trung ttdng Mat tran Giai phdng mien Nam Viet Nam" nhttttg bd tien da khdng the' di vao Ittu th6ng dttttc, phai buy bd Mat tran phai stt dung ngudn ngoai te manh ttt vien trd cua cac td chttc qud'c te' va ttt mien Bac bi mat chuyen vao bang nhieu each de' ddi tien tua Chinh quyen Sai Gdn va Kiel (Campuehia d vung bien) de thi tieu hdp phap hda hoat ddng tach mang
Vao thdi ky nhttng nam 1965-1973 ca nttttc td thien tranh, nha nttdc da cho phep quan dpi d tuyen Trttttng Sttn stt dung ddng "tien Trttttng Sdn" hay cdn gpi la "phie'u bach hda"
Cong nghe ngan hang
S^ 62'Th^ng 05/2011
Mdt hien tttttng tien te ky dieu da giup quan dpi td mpt td the' "phan phd'i" r a t linh hoat, thay vi bd dpi hau t a n phai thuye'n nhu ye'u pham de'n tttng dttn vi ddng quan dpe Trttdng Sttn thi chi can chuye'n hang de'n tttng binh tram cd' dinh Viee phan phdi sau dd da trd nen vd tung thuan tien thdng qua hinh thttt "mua hang" va t h a n h toan bang tien Trttttng Sttn theo tdng dinh Ittttng vat t h a t da dttdt gia tri hda Tinh vd danh tua tien quan he phan phdi da giam di mdt chi phi khdng Id ve thtti gian, chttng ttt, tem phie'u, sd theo doi cua ca hai ben nhap hang va nhan hang, dac biet la giam bien che' hau tan, giam thi phi kho lan d tttng dttn vi va dd cung han the' thttttng vong, dd mau tren dttdng di phan phdi nhu ye'u pham tho tttng dttn vi Loai tien hien dang Ittu trtt tai nha truyen thd'ng tua NHNN Viet Nam
Che dg tien t$ cua chinh quyen Sdi Gdn td ndm 1954-1975
(4)" H U ^ N G T | KY N I | M 60 NAM NGAY THANH LiBiP NGANH NGAN HANG Vi|T NAM" I I I
Td ndm 1975-1985, 10 ndm khoi phuc vd hdn gan vet thdotng chien tranh
Trong ba n a m dau sau mien N a m giai phdng, de cd mdt thtti gian dem can thie't va quan trpng, hai mien van dimg hai ddng tien khat Mien Bat v i n la tien N H N N Viet Nam, mien Nam dung tien NHQG cua chinh quyen cu Ngay 3/5/1975, chinh quyen each mang tiep quan NHQG cua chinh quyen Sai Gdn vtt van stt dung ddng tien cua che dd cu luu thong de kh6ng gay rdi loan Ittu thdng tien te d mien N a m nhuCng dau giai phdng Ngtty 6/6/1975 - n a m tuan sau giai phdng, Chinh phu Cach m a n g lam thtti Cdng hoa mien Nam Viet N a m da r a Nghi dinh sd 04/ PCT-75 ve t h a n h lap NHQG Viet N a m (van lay diing ten cu de tien viec tiep quan cac nghia vu va quyen loi cua he thdng ngan h a n g cu d va ngoai nttdc) dng Tran Dttdng lam Thdng doc Ngtty 22/9/1975, dttdi stt lanh dao ciia Bp Chinh tri va Trung ttdng Dang Lao dpng Viet Nam, Chinh phii Cach m a n g lam thtti Cdng hoa mien Nam Viet Nam da td chttc eupt ddi tien npi bd tren qui md toan mien N a m de dtta ddng tien mdi lay ten la "Tien Ngan h a n g Viet Nam" (cdn gpi la Tien Giai phdng) vao Itttt th6ng vtti ty le 500 ddng mien Nam cu tho mdi ddng Giai Phdng ttt Quang Nam - Da Nling trtt vao ttti Ca Mau, ttt Thtta Thien Hue trd r a den Quang Tri, 1000 ddng Mien N a m ddi dttdt ddng Giai Phong Vay la gia tri ddng Tien Giai phong it nhat tttdng dttdng vdi gia tri tua USD theo ty gia 500d cQ/USD Ngay 2/5/1978, dung dip ky niem ba nttm giai phdng mien Nam, n h a nudc Cong hoa Xa hpi Chu nghia Viet Nam c6ng bd ddi tien lan thtt ba tren pham vi toan qud'c, thdng nhat tien te ca nttttc vtti ty le ddng tien NHNN cu d mien Bttc boat 0,8 ddng tien Giai phong d mien Nam an ddng N H N N mtti Ngay sau dd nen kinh te ndi ehung cdn qua ngheo nan, lac hau lai nhttng sai lam cai tao cac phan kinh te, n h a t la "cai tao xa hpi chu nghia" ddi vdi gidi cdng thttdng nghiep mien Nam nen lam p h a t da lien tuc gia tttng - sttt mua tiia ddng tien lien tuc hi suy yeu
Td ndm 1985 den
Trttdc tinh hinh dien bien phttc tap tua Itttt thbng hang hoa - tien te va nan khan hiem tien m a t nghiem trpng t h a n h toan, 14/9/1985 n h a nttttt da phai t6ng bd ddi tien lan thtt ttt theo ty le 10 ddng tien N H N N cu ttn ddng tien N H N N mtti Tuy nhien, le trtttte lam eupt tach mang ve tien thi Chinh phu phai lam eude t a t h mang v l gia va lttdng, nhttng t a da lam theo qui trinh ngttdt: tien Ittdng -gia Hau qua la tudt ddi tien n a m 1985 da hi toi la kh6ng t h a n h cong n h a t lich stt Itttt thong tien te Viet Nam Ngay sau ddi tien, tinh t r a n g lam phat tiep tuc gia tang hdn bao gid het - chi 3,5 thang sau ddi tien, n h a nude da phai cho phat h a n h them vao Ittu thdng mpt khdi Ittpmg tien ldn tttdng dttdng vtti 1,38 lan khdi Ittdng tien mtti da phat h a n h ddt ddi tien trtttte de phuc vu cong cupc cai each Ittdng va gia Tiep lai la mpt qua trinh dien bien phttc tap mtti ve quan he tien - hang va ket qua la lam phat da kh6ng ngifng gia tang Dac biet, cac nttm 1986-1990, dd rieng nam 1986, lam phat ttti tren 774,7% ddi vtti ddng tien vtta ddi theo menh gia mtti da gap 10 lan d6ng tien menh gia cu (neu so vtti menh gia cu trUttc ddi tien nam 1985 thi mttc dp lam phat nam 1986 la tren 7747% bang 77,5 lan) Cd che tap trung quan lieu bao cap keo dai qua lau da vd hinh trung tao xa hdi Viet Nam hai he thdng thi trttttng: thi trttttng ttt va "thi trttttng cd td chttc" Theo dd, vdi cimg mpt loai tien, nhttng phai "do" hai thang bac gia tri khac theo hai cd che dinh gia khac la gia "phan phdi" ban nhtt cho va gia tren thi truttng ttt dttdc hinh t h a n h theo quan he cung-cau nhttng vdi nhieu chenh lech rat ldn da tao nhOfng mach kinh te ngam chay gitta khu vttc kinh te "co td chttc" ciia nha nUttc vtti thi trttdng ttt Dieu da trtt t h a n h vat can va la nguyen nhan ciia mpi nguyen nhan lam tri tre nen kinh te Viet Nam sau hdn mttdi nttm giai phdng
Ngay 15/9/1985, mdt sau ddi tien, ty gia gitta ddng npi te mdi cua ta so vdi USD
Congngh ngan hang
(5)I l l "Hl/GfNG TGfl KY NIEM 60 N A M NGAY T H A N H L A P N G A N H N G A N H A N G VIET N A M '
la 15d/lUSD Ty gia binh quan cac nttm sau lien tuc tang vdi tdc dd chong mat: nam 1986: 180d/USD; nam 1987: 550d/USD; nam 1988: 900 d/USD; nam 1989: 4.300d/ USD; nam 1990: 7.000d/USD; nam 1995: 14.000d/USD va den lam trdn da la 21.000d/USD; mac du 26 nam qua, ban than USD cung da mat gia hang chuc lan so vdi vang va vtti nhieu kim qui khac Tuy cho den ta chtta tien hanh mdt cudc ddi tien nao ntta, nhttng menh gia ddng tien va cd cau bd tien cua nttttc ta cung lien tut phai thich ttng theo stt mat gia so vdi cae ddng tien manh theo chieu httttng tieu cttc: "to" dan ve menh gia va "be" dan ve sttc mua tren mdt ddn vi tien te Trong nhttng nam qua NHNN da lien tuc bd sung cd eau bd tien: bp tien mdi nttm 1985 gdm 10 loai tien giay tttttng ttng vtti 10 loai menh gia: 500d, lOOd, 50d, 30d, 20d, lOd, 5d, 2d, Id va hao (10 hao bang Id, 10 xu bang mdt hao nhttng khdng cd tien xu) Nam 1987, 30/9 phat hanh bd sung loai tien giay 200d; nttm 1988, 2/3 bd sung vao Ittu th6ng loai tien giay d.OOOd; nam 1989, 20/10 phat hanh bd sung hai loai tien giay l.OOOd, 2.000d va phat hanh them loai 500d mau mtti vao 15/8; nam 1992, 2/5 phat hanh bd sung loai tien giay lO.OOOd va lOOd; nam 1993, 2/3 phat hanh bd sung loai tien gia'y 20.000d
-""""•- ngan hang
So ' T h a n g 05/2011
va 50.000d; nam 2000, 1/9 phat hanh bd sung loai tien gia'y lOO.OOOd; nam 2003, 17/12 phat hanh bd sung hai loai tien gia'y Polymer dau tien la dO.OOOd, 500.000d va ba loai tien kim loai: 5.000d, 2.000d, 200d; nam 2004, 1/4 phat hanh bd sung hai loai tien kim loai: 2.000d, 500d va 1/9/2004 phat hanh bd sung loai tien gia'y Polymer lOO.OOOd; nam 2006 cd them loai tien Polymer menh gia 200.000d; de'n 2008 bd sung them hai bd tien Polymer loai 20.000d va lO.OOOd tieu song song vtti bd tien cotton eu cung loai tdn lai Nhtt vay, ve danh nghia, tien Ittu thdng hien d nttttc ta td ttti 20 loai menh gia, loai chat lieu lam tien (Cotton loai menh gia thap tu cdn lai Polymer va kim loai) Tuy nhien, sttc mua qua yeu nen loai cd menh gia ttti lOOd nhttng hau nhtt gia tri sttc mua bang kh6ng va Ittu th6ng tung kh6ng dung loai tien qua nhd ttt 200d trtt xudng; loai cd menh gia Ittn nhat len ttti 500.000d tung thi tttdng dttdng vtti 23,8 USD (theo ty gia hien lam trdn 21.000d/USD) Viet Nam la mdt rat it qudt gia cd loai tien menh gia cttc Ittn, ttti dOO.OOOd va hau nhtt khdng cd loai tien ddn vi Id Ittu thdng Ddng tien Viet Nam chtta bao gitt ed ban vi vang, bac hay bat ctt kim qui nao
(6)"Hl/GfNG T | KY NIEM 60 NAM NGAY THANH LAP NGANH NGAN HANG VIET NAM" H i
thai dp xa hdi ddi vtti stt m a t gia cua ddng ndi te, k h i dd N H N N de'n van chua co dttdt vi the d o t lap vtti ttt t a c h la N g a n h a n g Trung ttdng Bdng d a n g cua thtti n g a n h a n g mpt cap dttttng nhtt van cdn sttt y t r o n g m6 hinh N H N N trttt t h u p t C h i n h phii, m a t du ve danh nghia, n e n s a n xuat h a n g hda nudc t a da theo td the^ t h i trttttng, Viet N a m cung da la t h a n h vien cua Td chttc Thttdng m a i Qu6'c te - WTO C h i n h nhttng thtt t h a t h khttt nghiet gitta mdt ben la Ittt lttdng s a n xuat da va dang "bung ra", dang hdi n h a p , vdi mot ben la quan he san xua't noi t h u n g - dd cd n e n tien te ndi dai ttt thtti bao cap la ddi hdi khach quan dang d a t r a van de cap bach phai cai each tien te, cai each cd che in tien, cd t h e cung ttng tien va p h a i v i n h d a n h gia tri sttt mua tua ddng ndi t e
Tom lai, nhttng ddng gdp t u a n g a n h n g a n hang tho stt nghiep t a t h m a n g Viet N a m noi ehung va stt nghiep ddi mtti k i n h te ndi rieng la vo tung to ldn, la k h d n g t h e phu n h a n tren rat nhieu linh vttt nhtt: t u n g ttng phttdng tien trao ddi Ittu t h o n g h a n g hoa ttt thdi khang chien chdng P h a p , ttt chien tranh giai phong chdng My den thtti dat nUdc hoa binh Ngan h a n g edn la loai dinh che tai chinh de h i e n thttc cd t h e tien te hda nen kinh te^ va thttdng mai hoa cac ngudn vdn cho qua trinh chuyen ddi cd che k i n h te Viet N a m ttt nen kinh te bao cap s a n g n e n k i n h te' t h i trttdng T r e n y nghla dd, cd t h e k h a n g dinh, khong cd n e n k i n h te t h i trttdng ne'u kh6ng CO tien te vdi ttt each la tien tin dung n g a n hang lam dung moi Rieng d Viet N a m , ttt tien tai chinh t h u a n den t i e n n g a n h a n g ; ttt tien ngan h a n g bi "tai chinh hda" mpt p h a n den tien n g a n h a n g t a n g ddng vai trd thuan la tien te tin dung da la nhttng "cot mdt" d a n h gia ra't ro d a n g cap cang cao hdn cua cd t h e van h a n h eua n e n k i n h te Viet Nam - n h i n ttt qua khtt den h i e n tai va tttttng lai Tuy vay, stt m a t gia cua ddng tien t r o n g mdi trttttng k i n h te t h i trudng va hpi n h a p nhttng nttm qua dang dat
ra nhieu van de Ittn t a n phai sdm t a i t a t h de tien kip nhu cau cua n e n k i n h te^ va bao ve quyen ldi chinh d a n g t h o stt httu t u a tai t u a ngtttti d a n va to thttt dtttti h i n h t h a i tien te Trong xu t h e va bdi t a n h k i n h te hien nay, tac gia eho r a n g Chinh phu can phai chi dao n g a n h Ngan h a n g Viet N a m ngoai viec p h a t huy nhttng t h a n h tttu da cd, thi van de phai n h a n h chdng cai each vi t h e va cd che^ van h a n h he thdng N H N N theo h\Jdng sttm trtt t h a n h Ngan h a n g Trung ttdng dde lap Trong dd CO viec cai each m e n h gia va cd ehe bao ve gia tri sttc mua cua ddng tien de du sttc t r d t h a n h ddng tien co k h a nttng chuyen ddi khu vttc va t r e n t h e gidi Day la nhttng doi hdi khach quan kh6ng chi cua nhu cau n a n g cao vttn m i n h n g a n h a n g giao Ittu k i n h te thdi hien dai, m a cdn m a n g t i n h cap bach viec kiem soat lam phat, m i n h bach hda tai chinh, chdng ngoai te boa phttdng tien t h a n h toan, thu hep m6i trttttng cua te t h a m 6, t h a m nhung, httdng ttti mpt n e n k i n h te thi trttttng cua mpt nttttc cong n g h i e p "
Tai lieu tham khao
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2 Nguyen Bai Lai - chu nhiem (2006), Co cdu lgi td chUc vd hogt dgng ciia he thong Ngdn hdng Nhd nUdc Viet Nam, Dii dn cdp Bd, Md sd: DA-2005.01, 2006
3 Nguyen Dgi Lai - chu nhiem (2009), Tdc ddng ciia cdc dinh che tdi chinh nUdc ngodi viec tdi cdu true sd hUu cdc NHTM d nhUng nudc cd nin kinh te chuyen ddi ", Bi tdi cdp Bg, Md sd:KNH-05, 2009;
4 Le Xudn Nghia, Nguyin Bai Lai - thu ky dong chu nhiim (2005), Tdng kit qud trinh nhdn thUc ly ludn cua Bdng ta trong 20 ndm ddi mdi tii ca che ki hogch hda tap trung sang ca chi thi trUdng dinh hudng xd hdi chu nghia, Bi tdi cdp nhd nudc, Md sd: BTBL-2003-21.04, 2005
5 Nguyen Qud'c Viet - chu bien (1991), Ngdn hdng Nhd nudc Viet Nam - 40 miia sen nd, Nhd in Vien Thdng tin Tu lieu Bia chdt
6 Thii Tudng Chinh Phu (2006), Quyit Binh sd 112IQB-TTg, ngdy 24/5/2006 ve phe duyet Be dn phdt trien nganh Ngdn hdng Viet Nam din 2010 vd tdm nhin 2020
7 Lugt Ngdn hdng Nhd nUdc Viet Nam 2010
Congngh ngan hang