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De thue hien Nghi quye't va ehi dao eua Thii tUdng Chinh phu ve tap trung k i l m che lam phat, dn dinh kinh te vi mo, bao dam an sinh xa hoi, Ngan hang Nha nUdc (NHNN) se td chiife [r]
(1)CAC GIAI PHAP CUA NGAN HANG NHA Nl/GfC NHAM TRIEN KHAI NGHI QUYET 11/NQ-CP NGAY / / 1
VE KIEM CHE LAM PHAT, ON DINH KINH TE VT MO, BAO DAM AN SINH XA HOI
TS N g u y i n Van Binh NHNN Viet Nam
Nhin lai ke't qua dieu h a n h kinh te vi mo n a m 2010, CO the thay rang Chinh phu va cac bo, ban nganh da chi dao, tbuc hien quye't liet cac giai phap nham dat dUcfc muc tieu kinh te - xa hoi NhOfng diln bien tich cue ciia kinh te vi mo la: (i) Tang trUdng kinh te' a miic cao 6,78%, cao hon muc tieu 6,5% cua Quoc hoi de va cao ban mufc 5,32% nam 2009; (ii) Xua't khau va thu hut von dau tu nUoc ngoai tang 6' miic kha cao, giup cai thien can can toan Xua't khau dat 71,6 ty USD, tang 25,5%; nhap kha'u dat 84 ty USD,
nganhang
tang 20,1%; nhap sieu 12,4 ty USD, bang 17,3% kim ngach xua't khau, dudi ngudng 20% Von thuc hien FDI la 11 ty USD, tang 10%; von dau tu gian tie'p (tinh ca ty USD phat h a n h trai phieu Chinh phu) dat 2,43 ty USD, tang 190% so vdi n a m 2009 Can can toan tong the tham hut 4,6 ty USD, tha'p hun mufc 8,8 ty USD nam 2009; (iii) Von dau tU phat trien toan xa hoi d mufc cao, dat 41,9%GDP; (iv) Ty le t h a t nghiep d miifc thap 2,88%; ty le ho ngheo tie'p tuc giam tiif 12,3% nam 2009 xudng 10,6%; (v) Tham
(2)hut ngan sach 5,6% GDP, thap hun mile 6,9% GDP nam 2009
Tuy nhien, kinh te vi mo nam 2010 v i n noi len mot so' van de nhu: (i) Chi tieu kiem che lam phat d mufc Quoc hoi de (khoang 7-8%) la chUa dat Thuc te chi so gia tieu dung CPI nam 2010 tang 11,75% so vdi cuo'i nam 2009; so vdi ciing ky la 9,79%; (ii) Cor ca'u kinh te dich chuyen cham, hieu qua dau tU thap; (iii) Ke't qua thuc hien cac giai phap de giam nhap sieu han che, can can toan tong the v i n t h a m hut ldn, can do'i vi mo chua t h a t on dinh, boi chi ngan sach va nu cong or mufc cao
Trong hai thang dau nam 2011, kinh te nUdc tie'p tuc phue hoi, cae ehi tieu kinh te vi mo thang mot deu tang so vdi cung ky mac dii day la thdi gian triing vao dip Tet Nguyen dan So vdi ciing ky, san xua't cong nghiep tang 16,1%, xua't khau tang 18,1%, nhap khau tang 15,5%, tong mile ban le hang hoa va dieh vu tang 22,1%, giai ngan von dau tu true tie'p tang 5% so vdi ciing ky Dieu phan anh cau dau tU va tieu diing nUdc dang co xu hUdng gia tang Chi so gia tieu dung thang mpt tang 1,74% (so vdi eung ky 2010 la 12,17%), thang hai tang 2,09% (so vdi eiing ky la 12,41%); tinh ehung hai thang tang 3,87% (so vdi cung ky tang 12,24%) Ben canh do, tinh hinh kinh te the gidi hien dang phufc tap, lam phat khu vUe tang, gia dau tho, gia nguyen vat lieu cof ban dau vao eiia san xuat, gia luang thuc, thUc pham tren thi trUdng the gidi tie'p tuc co xu hudng tang Trong nUdc thien tai, thdi tie't tac dong bat led de'n san xua't va ddi so'ng; gia ca CO chieu hudng tang eao; mot so mat hang la dau vao quan cua san xuat va doi sdng nhU dien, xang dau van chUa duuc thUc hien theo gia thi trudng, cang lam tang nguy co' bat on dinh kinh te vi mo cua nude ta
TrUdc siife ep tang lam phat tif nhilu phia va rui ro kinh te vi mo, Chinh phu da coi viec Idem che' lam phat, on dinh kinh te vi mo, bao dam an sinh xa hoi la nhiem vu tam, theo Chinh phii da ban hanh Nghi quyet sd 11/NQ-CP 24/2/2011 ve mot so' giai phap chu ye'u tap trung kiem ehe lam phat, on dinh kinh te vi mo, bao dam an sinh xa hoi nam 2011 Nghi quye't gom nhom giai phap: (i) Chinh sach tien te (CSTT) chat che, than trong; (ii) Chinh saeh tai khoa, dau tu eong t h a t chat; (iii) Thuc day san xuat, kinh doanh, khuyen khich xua't khau, k i l m che nhap sieu, suf dung tie't kiem nang luofng; (iv) Diiu chinh gia dien, xang dau gan vdi hS tru ho ngheo; (v) Tang cudng dam bao an sinh xa hoi; (vi) Day manh cong tac thong
tin, tuyen truyen Day la cac giai phap can ban de dam bao tang trUdng ben vCng n a m va nhiing nam tiep theo
De thue hien Nghi quye't va ehi dao eua Thii tUdng Chinh phu ve tap trung k i l m che lam phat, dn dinh kinh te vi mo, bao dam an sinh xa hoi, Ngan hang Nha nUdc (NHNN) se td chiife thUe hien CSTT chii dong, chat che va t h a n trpng; tang cUdng hoan thien the ehe ve t i l n te, tin dung va ngan hang nham dn dinh thi trUdng tien te, bao dam an toan he thddng; kiem soat tdc dp tang tin dung dudi 20%, tdng phuong tien toan tang khoang 15-16%; lai sua't va ty gia d mufc hpp ly, phu hpp vdi cac dieu kien va mue tieu kinh te vi mo Cac nhom giai phap dieu hanh chii ye'u nhu sau:
• Ngay sau Chinh phii ban hdnh Nghi quyet,
NHNN se ban hdnh Chi thi yeu cdu cdc dem vi thuoc NHNN vd to chdc tin dung (TCTD) thuc hien cdc gidi phdp ve tien te vd hogt dgng ngdn hdng nhdm kiim sodt Igm phdt, on dinh kinh te VI mo vd bdo ddm an sinh xd hoi ndm 2011
• Cdc gidi phdp dieu hdnh nhdm kiem che tin
dung tdng dudi 20% nhUng vdn ddp ilng nhu cdu vdn di sdn xudt kinh doanh hieu qud, tap trung Uu tien vdn tin dung phue vu phdt triin sdn xudt kinh doanh, nong nghiep, nong thon, xudt khdu, cong nghiep ho trg, doanh nghiep nho vd viCa - Suf dung va diiu hanh linh boat cac cong cu
CSTT ma tap trung d bd^n cong cu ehinh la lai sua't, nghiep vu thi trUdng md, tai cap von va du trOf bat bupc de diiu tie't lupng t i l n cung u:ng va khoan; dam bao tdc dp tang tdng phUPng tien toan khoang 15 - 16%
- Chi dao cac ngan hang thuong mai (NHTM) diiu chinh lai ke hoach kinh doanh ve tang trUdng tin dung va tai san co; dang ky tang trudng tin dung vdi NHNN tren co sd dam bao dung cac quy dinh ve ty le an toan va tang trudng tin dung dudi 20% eiia NHNN
- Chi dao cac NHTM giam den mufc tdi da tin dung eho linh vUc phi san xua't, nha't la linh vUc bat dpng san, ehufng khoan NHNN se diiu ehinh linh hoat cac ty le trich lap du phong rui ro va cae ty le an toan khac nham hudng cac ludng vo'n tin dung phue vu eho eae hoat dpng san xua't kinh doanh quan trpng va thie't ye'u cila n i n kinh te
- Ban hanh co che de Idem soat viec TCTD mua trai phieu eua doanh nghiep n h a m dam bao an
Cong nghengan hang
(3)toan linh vUe kinh doanh nay, hudng dan cac NHTM quan ly sd du mua t r a i phie'u ciia doanh nghiep (tranh tinh t r a n g TCTD lpi dung chuyen td eho vay sang mua t r a i phieu)
• Kiim sodt ldi sudt d mdc hgp ly theo hudng
chu dong, tich cUc kiem che Igm phdt, kiim chi tdng trudng tin dung, ndng cao gid tri vd mdc hdp ddn cua VND so vdi ngogi te, ddng thdi kiim sodt dugc viec chuyin dich tin dung VND sang ngogi te
- NHNN ban h a n h eae van ban quy p h a m
phap luat de hoan thien eo che nhu Thong tu v l lai suat co ban Thong tU v l lai suat trudng hpp thi trudng tien te va hoat dpng ngan hang cd d i l n bien bat thudng, Thong tu v l thu phi cho vay Thong tU v l ap dung lai suat khong ky han trudng hpp ngudi giifi tien rut trUde han
- Chu dpng xae dinh mpt each linh hoat cae mufc lai sua't dieu h a n h cua NHNN tuong iing vdi lam phat ky vpng va so vdi eung ky
- Sufa ddi eP che cho vay ngoai te de kiem soat to^c dp cho vay ngoai te khoang 20% t r e n nguyen tac chi phue vu cho cac hoat dpng san xuat, kinh doanh thie't yeu cda n i n kinh te va CO ngudn thu ngoai te tiif hoat dpng san xua't k i n h doanh eiia minh
- Chii dpng phoi hpp vdi Bp Tai ehinh viec phat h a n h t r a i phie'u Chinh phu nUde va qude te, diiu h a n h thi trudng vdn n h a m dam bao su tho'ng nha't, nhip n h a n g giiia CSTT va chinh sach tai khda theo hudng kiem soat lam phat, binh dn kinh te vi mo
• Dieu hdnh ty gid vd thi trudng ngogi hdi linh
hogt, phu hgp vdi dien bien thi trudng; tdng cudng qudn ly ngogi hd'i, thilc Men cdc bien phdp cdn thiit di cdc to chdc, cd nhdn bdn ngogi te cho ngdn hdng co ngudn thu vd dugc mua co nhu cdu hgp ly, bdo ddm thanh khodn ngogi te, binh on ty gid, ddp ting phdt triin sdn xudt kinh doanh thiet yeu cua
nen kinh te vd tdng du trd ngogi hdi
Diiu h a n h linh hoat ty gia phii hpp vdi cung
-cau ngoai te, dap ufng nhu -cau ngoai te eho nhap khau eae mat hang thie't yeu, ban h a n h eae co che, chinh sach ddng bp n h a m ban che rui ro hoat dpng kinh doanh eiia doanh nghiep va ciia NHTM, gdp phan kiem soat lam phat va ban ehe nhap sieu, dn dinh kinh te vi mo va tri tang trUdng kinh te
nganhang So ' T h a n g 03/2011
- Co cac giai phap phat trien thi trudng, si3f dung mpt sd eong cu phai sinh nham gop phan dieu hanh ty gia linh boat, ho trp cho thUc thi CSTT chil dpng; tao dieu kien cho doanh nghiep va ngan hang chil dpng can ddi va phong ngifa rui ro ngoai te
- Thuc hien quyet liet cae bien phap ve quan ly, suf dung ngoai te, kiem soat chat ehe ea viec eho vay va ban ngoai te de toan eho nhap khau cac mat hang thupc danh muc cac mat hang nhap khau khong thiet ye'u, khong cap bach - Dl xuat va trien khai eae bien phap can thiet de cac td chufc, ca nhan, trUde h e t la cac tap doan kinh te, tdng cong ty n h a nUde ban ngoai te eho ngan hang ed ngudn thu va dupe mua ed nhu eau hpp ly
- Cd cae bien phap de kiem soat chat che viee sii dung the t h a n h toan quo'c te va ehi tieu ngoai te r a nude ngoai eua cac td chdc va ca nhan - Phd'i hpp vdi Bp Ke' hoach Dau tU, Bp Tai chinh de cd cac bien phap quan ly chat che viec dau tu va cho vay nUdc ngoai cua cac td chiic kinh te va TCTD
- Bd sung cac quy dinh cua NHNN v l viec vay np nude ngoai cua cae td chiie kinh te theo hinh thdc tu vay, tU t r a n h a m kiem soat mpt each hpp ly h i n h thiie vay np theo hudng gdp phan dam bao t h a n h khoan ngoai te eua n i n kinh te, phue vu cho eae hoat dpng san xua't kinh doanh, dau tu thiet ye'u cda n i n kinh te, giam nghia vu va ap lue t r a no nude ngoai cua n i n kinh te
- Chu dpng phoi hpp vdi Bp Cong Thuong viec thuc thi cae giai phap n h a m giam nhap sieu, day m a n h xua't khau, phat trien cac hoat dpng san xua't kinh doanh thie't ye'u eiia n i n kinh te
- D l xua't va t r i n h Chinh phd cac giai phap n h a m giam t i n h t r a n g la hda theo hudng tren lanh thd Viet Nam phuong tien toan nha't la VND, ehuyen dan quan he huy dpng - cho vay bang ngoai te nudc ciia cac TCTD sang quan he mua - ban ngoai te
• Thuc hien cdc bien phdp qudn ly chgt che thi
trudng vdng
- Theo doi va du bao sat tinh hinh bie'n dpng
(4)hpp ly, ngan chan cd bieu qua boat dpng dau eo, thao tung thi trUdng
- Trong quy 11/2011 trinh Chinh phii ban hanh Nghi dinh ve quan ly va kinh doanh vang theo hudng tap trung dau mdi nhap khau vang, tie'n tdi xda bo viee kinh doanh vang mieng tren thi trudng tu do, ngan chan hieu qua eae hoat dpng buon lau vang qua bien gidi
• Tdng cuidng cong tiic tra, gidm sdt ddi vdi
hogt dong cdp tin dung, chdt lugng tin dung, ddm bdo cdc ty le an todn, hogt dpng mua - bdn ngogi te, kinh doanh vdng cua cdc TCTD, to chdc kinh ti vd tren thi trudng tu
- Thanh tra viec eho vay va eo eau lai thdi han tra
np, phan loai tin dung, trich du phdng rui ro va sii dung du phong de xd ly rui ro tin dung theo diing quy dinh eua phap luat
- Tap trung tra tai chd vl cho vay linh vUc phi san xuat, chat lupng tin dung va viec thUc hien cac ty le dam bao an toan hoat dpng kinh doanh cua TCTD
- Phdi hpp vdi cac eP quan cd lien quan ban hanh quy dinh va che tai xuf ly vi pham, ke ea viec dinh ehi, rut gia'y phep boat dpng, thu tai san, quy dinh khen thudng ddi vdi viec phat hien cac hanh vi vi pham hoat dpng thu ddi, mua ban ngoai te, vang
- Phdi hpp chat che vdi Bp Cong an, Bp Cong Thuong, Uy ban Nhan dan cac tinh, phd true thupc Trung UOng va cac co quan chiic nang kiem tra, giam sat viee tuan thii eae quy dinh ve thu ddi ngoai te, kinh doanh vang
• Hodn thien ca chi vd ndng cao chdt lupng cong
tdc thong tin, truyen thdng ve dieu hdnh CSTT vd hogt dong ngdn hdng
- Cae giai phap cua NHNN nham trien khai Nghi
quyet sd 11/NQ-CP 24/2/2011 eua Chinh phd la eae giai phap manh, quyet liet nhung eung rat nhay cam va tac dpng den mpi mat eiia boat dpng san xuat kinh doanh n i n kinh te Diiu doi hoi NHNN phai lam tdt cong tac thong tin, tuyen truyen vl dieu hanh CSTT va hoat dpng ngan hang nham tao su nhan thiie sau rpng, kip thdi va ddng thuan toan xa hpi vi lpi ich eua da't nude, vi su phat trien b i n vuEng, lanh manh cua ea n i n kinh te
- Thong qua cae td chiie quo'c te (dac biet la cac td chufc tai chinh - t i l n te quo'c te nhu IMF, WB, ADB) NHNN cd trach nhiem t r u y i n tai kip thdi, sau sac cac chu trUong, ehinh saeh, giai phap eiia Chinh phu ndi chung, NHNN ndi rieng nham binh dn kinh te vi md, k i l m che lam phat tao n i l m tin va ddng thuan eua eong ddng cac nha tai trp, cac nha dau tU quo'c te dd'i vdi sU nghiep phat trien kinh te b i n vdng ciia Viet Nam
Mac dii cd rat nhilu khd khan, thach thiic song chung ta cd day du CP sd de tin tudng rang vdi sU chi dao sat cila Chinh phu, su trien khai quyet liet va ddng bp cua cac eP quan Chinh phd, chinh quyin dia phUPng eae cap, sU ddng thuan cua mpi tang ldp xa hpi, truyin tho'ng yeu nude eua nhan dan ta, Nghi quye't 11/NQ-CP va cac giai phap trien khai cda NHNN se duoc thuc hien thang lpi, tao t i l n d l vdng chac cho viee hoan cac nhiem vu kinh te - xa hpi cila n a m 2011 va ke hoach n a m n a m 2011 - 2015*
nganhang