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Ve tdng hop hinh phat Dieu 50 Bp luat Hinh sy quy dinh: "Khi xet xfl cting mpt Iin mpt ngudi pham nhieu tpi, Toa in quyei dinh hinh phat ddi vai timg tpi, sau do tdng hpp hinh [r]
(1)^ai eaeh Ui fthofi 86 (221)-2010
BAN VE VIEC AP DUNG
HINH PHAT CAI TAO KHONG GIAM Giff
Ngay 2/01/2002, Bp Chfnh trj ban binh Nghj quyei 08-NQ/TW quy djnh ve mpt so nhiem vu trpng tam cong tic tu phap thdi gian tdi, dd neu r5: "Diy manh xay dyng phip luat Kjp thdi ban hinh nhihig van bin budng din thi hanh Bp luat Hinh sy, Bp luat Td tung hinh sy " Sau hon nam thyc hien, nhieu van ban phap luat mdi dupc ban banh, Bp luat Hinh sy, Bp luat Td tung hinh sy da dupc sfla ddi, bd sung Cic co quan co thim quyen cung da kjp thdi ban hanh nhieu van bin hudng din viec ip dung phip luat Tuy nhien, so vdi yeu ciu dat ra, qua thyc te' cho thiy nhieu quy djnh phip luit di va dang the bien sy bat cap, gay khd khan, vudng mic qui trinh ip dung, anh hudng khong nhd den cii each tu phap Chiing tdi xin neu mpt vai y kien nhd xung quanh hinh phat cii tao khong giam giu dupc quy djnh tai Didu 31 Bp luat Hinh sy
Hinh phat cai tao khong giam giu la mpt loai hinh phat * Vien kiem sat nhan dan tmh Phii Yen
• HO NGOC THAO *
cbinb dupc quy djnh Bp luat Hinh sy Day la loai hinh phat khong cich ly nguai pham tpi khdi xa hpi ma hp dupc lao dpng, hpc tap tai cpng dong de chimg td sy hoi cii, hoan luong ciia minh moi truang xa hpi binh thudng, dudi sy giam sat, giio due ciia co quan, td chflc, don vj hoac chfnh quyen dia phuong vi gia dinh Nhu vay, viec thi hanh hinh phat cai tao khong giam giu gidng vdi viec thi hinh binh phat tii cho hudng in treo Tuy nhien, thyc te' cho thiy, cic Toa in ip dung loai hinh phat cii tao khong giam giu ddi vdi nguoi pham tpi lai khong nhidu Mac dti vay, qua hoat dpng xet xfl cic vu in hinh sy ciing thiy ring, viec ap dung cic quy dinh vd binh phat cai tao khong giam gifl co liic, co noi chua thdng nhai, nhieu cich hieu va van dung khic
1 Ve thoi diem chaip hanh hinh phat cai tao khdng giam gifl
Chiing ta deu biei ring, viec xic djnh thdi diem chap hanh
hinh phat ndi chung, hinh phat cai tao khong giam giu ndi rieng CO y nghia rat ldn viec thi hanh in, dac biet la viec xoa an tich; tfnh tii pham, tai pham nguy hiem neu ngudi bj kei in lai tiep tuc pham tpi Thong thuong, quyei djnh hinh phat Toa an bao gid cung xic djnh mpt mdc nhit djnh de tfnh thdi diem ngudi bj kei in phai thi hanh hinh phat, ching ban nhu tuyen hinh phat tti thi cai mdc la thdi ban tti tinh tfl bit bj cio de thi hinh an, hoac neu cho bj cao hudng an treo thi thai gian thfl thich tfnh tfl tuyen in ban in cho hudng in treo The nhung, ddi vdi binh phat cai tao khong giam gifl, cd le luat khong quy djnh vi cung chua co huang din ciia CO quan co thim quydn nen niy sinh nhieu y kie'n kbic ve thai didm chip hanh hinh phat Co y kie'n cho ring, thdi diem chip hinh hinh phat cai tao khong giam gifl kd tfl ban in CO hieu lyc phip luat, vi chi bin in cd hieu lyc phap luat thi mdi duoc dua thi hanh Co
(2)^id ectek hi phdfi 86 (221)-2010
y kien Ihi khimg djnh, phai tfnh ti;r cd quyei dinh thi hanh an, boi mpt loai hinh phat mudn dua ihi hanh bat bupc phai co quyei dinh ihi hanh an, Y kie'n khac lai cho rang, ifnh lfl luyen an hi phti hop, vi nhu the se CO loi cho bi cao (gidng nhu each tinh thdi gian thfl thach ciia an treo) Co le chi'nh vi the ma cac Toa in da tuyen rai khac Xin neu mpt so vi du: Toa an nhan dan thj xa T xfl phat bj cao Phan Xuan Sanh 06 thing cai tao khong giam gifl ve tpi trpm cap tai san; bi cio phai chap hanh hinh phat vao thdi didm nao thi ban an khong noi deii The nhimg cting chfnh Toa vu an khac, da xfl phat bj cao Huynh Thi Kim Thanh 09 thing cai tao khong giam gifl, thdi gian cai tao khong giam gifl tfnh tu quyet dinh thi hanh an co hieu lyc phip luat Con i'oa an nhan din huyen H thi lai tuyen phat bj cao Dinh Van Phap 01 nam cai tao khong giam giu, ke tfl Toa tuyen an so tham; Toa an nhan dan huyen S tuyen khac hon: Xfl phat bi cao Vo Tan Hoa 06 thing cai tao khong giam giu, thdi han chap hanh tfnh tfl ban in co hieu lire phap luat Toa an nhan din tinh K thi tuyen: Xfl phat bi cio Huynh Kim Hidn 06 thing cai tao khong giam giu, giao bj cio
cho Uy ban nhan din noi cu trii giam sat giao due tinh lfl co quyei dinh thi hanh an
2 Ve thdi han chap hanh hinh phat
Vice xac dinh thdi didm chap hanh hinh phat cai tao khong giam giu co nhieu quan diem khac nhu vay da giy khong il kho khan cho viec thi hinh in Tlie nhimg, qua trinh thi hanh in, nguoi bi kei an lai pham tpi mdi thi viec xac djnh thdi gian hp da thu an nhu the nao, cimg da co nhflng y kien khong gidng
Vi du: Ngay 17/4/2007,
Nguyen Thanh Tting bj Toa an nhan dan T xfl phat 01 nam cii tao khong giam gifl ve tpi trpm cap tai sin Trong thdi gian thi hanh an, 03/7/2007, Timg tie'p tuc trpm cap 01 xe dap Martin dem ban duoc 500.000d Den 05/7/2007, Tting lai trpm 01 xe dap Martin nfla, ban duoc 300.000d Gia trj 02 xe dap dupc djnh gii la 1,8 trieu dong
Ngay 12/3/2008, Toa an nhan dan phd T xet xfl nhan djnh: Bj cio dang chip hanh hinh phat 01 nam cii tao khong giam gifl theo Ban in sd 29/2007 17/4/2007 ciia Toa an nhan din T, den 03/7/2007 bj cao tiep tuc pham tpi mdi vay, thai han bj cio
da chip hanh hinh phat cai tao khong giam giu la 76 ngay, phin hinh phat cai tao khong giam giu lai chua chip hanh la 289 dtrpc quy ddi 96 tti ( 03 thing 06 ngiy ) Ttr do, Toa xfl phat hi cio Tting 01 nam tii ve tpi trpm cap tai san tdng hap vdi hinh phat chua chip hinh ciia ban an trudc, buoc bj cio chap hanh hinh phat chung li 01 nam 03 thing 06
ngay tii
Viec Toa xfl phat bj cio Tting 01 nam tti ve tpi trpm cip tai san da qua ro, xin khong bin den Rieng phin Toa tfnh thdi gian lai ciia bin in truoc de tdng hap hinh phat ddi vdi bj cio thi sinh nhung y kien khac
Nhieu nguai cho ring, thai gian bj cao Tting da chip hanh hinh phat cii tao khong giam giir phii dupc tinh tfl tuyen ban an (ngay 17/4/2007) den Toa xet xfl tpi mdi (ngay
12/3/2008), tflc bj cio da chap hanh dupc 10 thing 25 Viec Toa tfnh thdi gian ttr tuyen ban in (ngay 17/4/2007) den pham tpi mai (ngay 03/7/2007) la khdng dirng Boi pham tpi mdi bi cio da khong bj bit tam giu, tam giam, ma dupc tai ngoai cho den xet xfl Nhu the, thdi gian didu tra, truy to, xet xfl tpi
(3)^Ai each hi phap 86 (221)-2010
pham mdi thi duong nhien cung la thdi gian bj cao chip hanh hinh phat cai tao khong giam gifl Do do, thai gian bj cio chua chip hanh hinh phat ciia ban in truoc chi la 01 thing 05 ngay, quy ddi 12 tii, chfl khPng phai la 03 thing 06 tti nhu toa da tfnh
Nguoc lai, cung co y kien thdng nhit vdi viec tfnh toin ciia toa Vi cai tao khong giam giu li hinh phat khong tudc sy ty ciia ngudi bj kei in, mi hp dupc cai tao ngoai xa hpi vdi sy giim sat, giao due ciia gia dinh va chfnh quyen dja phuong Bj cio Tting dang chip hanh hinh phat cii tao khong giam gifl lai pham tpi moi, chung td bj cao da tfl choi viec cai tao ngoii xa hpi Do dd, phii coi thai gian sau bi cao pham tpi mdi la thdi gian chua chap hanh hinh phat Hon nua, khoan Dieu 51 Bp luat Hinh sy da quy djnh: Khi xet xfl mpt ngudi dang phii chip hanh mpt ban in ma lai pham tpi moi, thi toi in quyet dinh hinh phat ddi vdi tpi mdi, sau tdng hop vdi phin hinh phat chua chap hanh ciia ban in truoe Neu theo quan didm thfl nhai, sau 17/4/2008 toa mdi xet xfl tpi mdi, thi bj cio da chip hanh xong hinh phat cai tao khong giam gifl Khi do, viec tdng hop hinh phat se khong
dupc dat Va nhu vay la trai vdi quy djnh tai Dieu 51 Bp luat Hinh sy
Viec tfnh chi'nh xic thdi han chua chip hanh ban an trudc ciia bj cio Tting co y nghia quan trpng tdng hop hinh phat Neu tfnh sai, bj cao se bi thiet thoi • '^ r, <•:
3 Ve tdng hop hinh phat Dieu 50 Bp luat Hinh sy quy dinh: "Khi xet xfl cting mpt Iin mpt ngudi pham nhieu tpi, Toa in quyei dinh hinh phat ddi vai timg tpi, sau tdng hpp hinh phat theo quy djnh sau day: Ne'u cac hinh phat da tuyen cting la cai tao khong giam gifl hoac Cling la til CO thdi ban, thi cac hinh phat duoc cpng lai hinh phat chung; hinh phat chung khong dupc vuot qui ba nam ddi vdi hinh phat cai tao khong giam gifl " Khoan Dieu 51 Bp luat Hinh sy quy dinh: "Trong truang hop mpt nguoi dang phai chap hanh mpt bin in mi lai bj xet xfl ve tpi da pham truac co ban an nay, thi Toa an quyet djnh hinh phat ddi voi tpi dang bj xet xfl, sau quyei djnh hinh phat chung theo quy dinh tai Dieu 50 cua Bp luat nay" Day li nhung quy dinh chung nhung nghien cflu cac quy djnh ciia Bp luat Hinh sy ddi vdi nguai chua thinb nien pham tpi thi tha'y khong co quy djnh nao
ve tdng hcTp hinh phai cai tao khong giam giu Dieu 75 Bp luit liinh sy chi mcii quy dinh ve tdng hop hinh phat trudng hop pham nhidu tpi ma cung chi gioi han d viec tdng hcrp hinh phat tti CO ihdi han \3d\ vay, cung da co Irudng hpp iranh cai ve van de
Vi du: Nguyen Van Hai (17
tudi) bj dua xet xfl ve tpi trpm cip tai sin theo khoin I Dieu 138 Bp luat Hinh sy Toa tuyen phat Hai 15 thing cai tao khong giam giu ilai thing sau, Hai lai bi dua xet xu ve tpi trpm cap tai san ma Hai da pham each day gin mpt nam Lan nay, Toa cting xfl Hai 15 thing cai tao khong giam giu va tdng hop hinh phat ciia nhieu ban in, bupc Hai phai chap hanh hinh phat chung la 30 thing cai tao khong giam giu
Co y kie'n cho ring, Toa an tdng hpp hinh phat ciia nhieu ban an ddi vdi Hai, bupc Hai phai chip hanh hinh phat chung la 30 thing cii tao khong giam giu, la khong dung phap luat Bdi theo Dieu 73 Bp luat Hinh sy: Thdi han cai tao khong giam giu ddi voi nguai chua nien pham tpi khong qua mpt phan hai thdi han ma dieu luat quy dinh Hai la ngirdi chua nien pham tpi, bi xet xfl
(Xem tic'p traiiii f>4)
(4)(Ju pimp eji(^ ik 86 (221)-2010
que quin cua dng chi cd thd la ciia Han Qud'c hoac Canada Vay khai sinh cho be, ne'u cha, me chpn qud'c tjcb Viet Nam va dan tdc Kinh nhung phin que quin ghi la Han Qud'c hoac Canada thi cd hpp ly hay khdng? Theo chiing tdi, didu khdng hop ly, vi que quin, din tdc chii yeu la de xic dinh ngudn gdc, dan tpc Do dd, neu chpn qudc tich Viet Nam, dan tpc Kinh thi khPng thd cd que quan la Han Qudc hoac Canada, dti ngudi dd cd sinh tai Han Qud'c hoac Canada Ngupc lai khong the ghi dan tpc Canadian, Korean nhung que quin li Viet Nam dupc
Giai phap khac phuc
Vay theo chiing toi, tai thdng tu hudng din Nghj djnh 158, nen quy djnh cu the: Ngudi di dang ky khai sinh npp giiy chflng sinh hoac gia'y td thay giiy chflng sinh theo quy djnh tai khoin Didu 15 ciia Nghj djnh 158; xuit trinh gii'y chung nban kei bdn ciia cha, me tre em (neu cha, me tre em cd dang ky kei bdn) va npp td khai (theo miu
quy djnh) Trong trudng hpp cha, me chpn qud'c tjcb nudc ngoai cho con, tbi phai cd giay thoa tbuin ciia cha va me vd viec chpn qud'c tjcb Phin ghi vd que quan, din tpc nen quy djnh rd la cha, me tre em chpn qud'c tjeh nao, thi ghi theo phin que quin, dan tdc cua cha hoac me dupc chpn lam qud'c tjcb ciia tre em Ngoai ra, nen quy djnh thdi gian giai quyet viec dang ky khai sinh cd yeu td nudc ngoai, vi day la ITnh vyc phflc tap, cin nhidu thdi gian dd nghien cihi nhim trinh sai sdt dang tiec xay
Cd nhu viy, mdi tranh dupc tinh trang thieu thong tin va bii cap viec dang ky khai sinh cho tre em cd yeu td nudc ngoai Ben canh dd, tao sy thd'ng nhit gii'y khai sinh la gia'y td nhan than, diu tien quan trpng nhii ciia mdi ngudi, ddng thdi khac phuc nhung vudng mic ma dja phuang dang gap phii thyc hien dang ky khai sinh cho tre em cd yeu td nudc ngoai nhu hien nayG
Bin \i vISc dp dung ve tdi trpm cip tii sin theo
khoan Dieu 138 Bp luit Hinh sy, cd mfle hinh phat cii tao khdng giam gifl cao nhii li 03 nam Do dd, mpi trudng hap chi dupc tuyen phat Hii khong qui 18 thing cai tao khdng giam gifl
Ngupc lai, cd y kien thi lai cho ring, Toa da xet xfl Hii diing quy djnh ciia phap luat Vi ca bai Iin pham tdi mdi Iin Hai ddu bj xfl phat 15 thing cai tao khdng giam gifl Ddi vdi ngudi chua
thinh nien pham tdi, Bd luit Hinh sy chi mdi cd quy djnh tdng hpp hinh phat trudng bop pham nhidu tdi (Didu 75), mi chua cd quy djnh tdng hpp hinh phat ciia nhieu ban in Vi the, viec tdng hpp hinh phat ddi vdi Hai la khdng sai so vdi quy djnh tai khoan Dieu 51 Bd luat Hinh sy
Cd the ndi, viec ip dung cac quy djnh ciia Bd luit Hinh sy vd hinh phat cai tao khdng giam gifl xem cdn nhidu vudng mic
,, ; ,f<"i', ,•>;; ff (Tiip itieo tran^ 4i)
cd nhidu cich nhan thflc va van dung khic Nguyen nhin ciia vin de nay, xet den cting cung la viec hudng din ip dung phap luit cdn chua dupc kjp thdi Bdi vay, de cho viec ap dyng phap luat dupc nghiem chinh va thd'ng nhii, rat mong cac CO quan cd thim quydn sdm cd van ban budng din viec ap dung Bd luat Hinh sy ndi chung, Dieu 31 Bd luat Hinh sy quy djnh ve cai tao khdng giam giu ndi ridng Q