Nhirng nam gdn day cung vdi hang loat nguyen lieu khoang cha't khac nhu : quang sdt, crOm, chi, kem, mangan... quang titan da ndi len nhu mOt "hien tugng" trong ITnh vuc dieu [r]
(1)30(4), 308-313 Tap chi CAC KHOA HOC VE TRAI OAT 12-2008
KHA NANG LTNG DUNG CONG NGHE
H O A N NGUYEN ILMENIT L A M NGUYEN LIEU
SAN XUAT QUE H A N DIEN
NGUYEN NGOC TRLTONG, NGUYEN VAN HUAN DOAN MINH CHAN, HOANG MINH PHUONG
I Md DAU
Nhirng nam gdn day cung vdi hang loat nguyen lieu khoang cha't khac nhu : quang sdt, crOm, chi, kem, mangan quang titan da ndi len nhu mOt "hien tugng" ITnh vuc dieu tra, khai thdc, che' bie'n va xudt khdu thie'u quy hoach gay thdt thoat tai nguyen, nhiem mOi trudng sinh thai d nhieu khu vuc nude ta
Nam 2006, Thil tudng Chinh phii da Chi thi lO/CT-CP vdi nOi dung co ban de'n nam 2008 nha nude cdm hoan toan cac td chirc, ca nhan xudt khdu tho nguyen lieu khoang dd cd quang titan sa khoang vd quang gdc
Nghien ciru cOng nghe che'bie'n va sir dung dap irng yeu cdu ciia nen kinh te nang dOng dat cho cac nha khoa hgc va cac td chirc khoa hgc cOng nghe nhieu hudng nghien cuu che' bie'n lam gidu va sir dung quang titan cd Xiim nang to Idn cila nude ta
Hoan nguyen ilmenit la cOng nghe che'bie'n ddp irng yeu cdu lain nguyen lieu san xua't que han dien dugc cac nha may san xudt que han nude nhap khdu tir nhieu qudc gia nhu Han Qudc, Trung Qudc
Nghien ciru irng dung cOng nghe hoan nguyen quang ilmenit sa khoang bien cua Viet Nam lam nguyen lieu san xudt que han dien thay the' hang nhap ngoai da dugc nhdm can bO cila trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc Tu nhien Pgs Ts Nguyen Nggc Trudng lam chii nhiem phdi hgp vdi cac nhd cong nghe ciia cOng ty Silicat Viet An - Hai Phdng thuc hien cong nam 2006 - 2007
Day chuyen san xudt ilmenit hoan nguyen xay dung tai Cty Silicat Viet An hoat dOng vdi cOng sudt 100 tdn/thang, de'n da cung cdp cho cac co sd san xudt que han dien hang nghin tdn san phdm
II SO LLTOC VE KHOANG SAN 'HTAN 1 Cac khoang vat cua titan tu nhien Nguyen td kiin loai titan dugc phat hien nam 1797, nhung tinh che'kim loai titan tinh khie't tir tinh quang thien nhien chi cOng vao nam 1875
Nguyen td kim loai titan nam d sd 22 bang tudn hoan Mendeleep, vdi cac thOng sd dac trung : ky hieu Ti, sd thir tu 22, cdu hinh dien tu 1S^2S^2P'' 3S^3P''3d^4S^ nguyen tu lugng 47,90 The ion hoa 6.82, dien am 1.5 nhiet dO ndng chdy 1.668 °C, nhiet sOi 3.260 °C
De'n ngudi ta da phat hien hon 80 khoang vat tu nhien | , 3| cd titan tham gia phdn hoa hgc cua chiing d dang nguyen td chinh va nguyen td thay the' ddng hinh Trong vd Trai Da't tri sd Clac ciia titan la 0,57% khdi lugng, chiing tap trung chii ye'u d 20 khoang vat neu bdng
Cac khoang vat neu tren tim tha'y cac tao dia chdt nOi sinh lien quan vdi hoat dOng magma mafic - sieu mafic kiem, magma kiem va pegmatit kiem, cac trdm tich luc dia va sa khoang ven bie'n tudi tir Paleozoi - Mezozoi de'n De Tir
2 Sa lucre ve khoang san titan a Viet Nam Theo tai lieu cila Cue dia chat va Khoang san Viet Nam |51 tren dia phan nude ta da phat hien tren 66 tu khoang va diem khoang vdi hai kie'u ngudn gdc tao magma va sa khoang Cac md sa khoang ilmenit chii ye'u Id sa khoang bie'n va phan bd d ddi ven bd ciia nude ta {hinh 1)
(2)Bang Cac khoang vat tu nhien chOra titan
TT Ten khoane vat COng thire hoa hoc Rutin
2 Amatas Brukit Ilmenit Ilmenorutin Arizonit Pseudobrukit Peropskit Pirophanit 10 Senait 11 Uligit
12 Titanomanhetit 13 Leicosen 14 Loparit 15 Ziakelir 16 Canlopskin 17 Sphen 18 Leucosphenit 19 Lorenzenit 20 Lamprophilit
Ti02 Ti02 TiOz FeTiO, (Ti,Fe,Nb)02 F e z C T i O j Fe20,Ti02 CaTiO, MuTiO, (Fe,Mu,p')Ti03 Ca(Zn,Ti)205 Fe,04 FeTiO, FeTiO,
(Na,Ce,Sr,Ca)(NbTi02) (Ca,Fe)Zn,Ti,Th)205 (Fe, Ce)20,4(Ti, SDO, CaTiSi04
NaBaTi02(Si20<i)5 Na2Ti02Si207 Na,TiO,(Si207)0,F
Thanh phdn hod hgc quang titan gdc va sa khoang cd su khac biet rdt rd rang, the hien tinh da ngudn cung ca'p {bang 2)
Thanh phdn khoang vat quang titan dugc chiing toi tie'n hanh phan tich bdng cac phuong phap truyen thdng (trgng sa, quang hgc tinh the") va phuong phap hien dai (nhieu xa Rdfngcn, Micro.sond) Kei qua phan tich dugc tdng hgp d bdng
Tdng tru' lugng quang titan gdc, sa khoang ven bie'n va them luc dia du bao se len tdi tren 50 - 60 trieu ta'n Vdi lugng tai nguyen Viet Nam duoc xe'p vao sd - qudc gia cd tru lugng quang titan Idn tren the gidi
iTng dung cila kim loai titan va cac hgp chdt titan cd the tim tha'y dia chi nhieu nganh cOng nghiep mui nhgn, cOng nghiep then chdt nhu : vat lieu mdi - vat lieu nano, che'tao tdu vu tru, che tao may bay, che' tao may indc, thiei bi dung cu y te, dugc phdm, my phdm cao cdp
III CONG NGHE HOAN NGUYEN ILMENIT / Cac phuong phap che bien quing titan Tir ngu)'en lieu khoang thien nhien (bang 1) de cd dugc san phdm cOng nghiep phu hgp vdi irng dung ciia cac nganh ky thuat khac nhau, cdc nude
Hinh So dd cac die'm md da vd dang khai thdc tai dai duyen hai Viet Nam
tien tien da sir diing cac nhdm phuong phap che bie'n sau :
® Phuong phap hd quang luyen xi titan, ® Phuong phap hoan nguyen ilmenit
® San xudt dioxid titan bdng phuong phap hod hgc : - Phuong phdp oxy hod vdi xuc tac NH4CI ; - Phuong phap hoa tan ilmenit bdng acid manh (H2SO4 hoac HQ ) d nhiet dO va dp sudt cao ;
- Cac phuong phap khac
2 Mo ta phuong phap hoan nguyen ilmenit
a) Muc dich cua phitang phap hoan nguyen
Ilmenit Id mOt nhung khoang vat oxid cd ben virng rdt cao ca ve co ly va hod hgc Trong
(3)Bdng Tong hdp p h i n hoa hoc tinh quang titan cua Viet Nam
Khu vuc md Cay Cham - Niii Chiia TTianh Hda
Ha Tinh
Thira Thien - Hue Binh Dinh Binh Thuan TiOz FeO 40,0-46,7 30,0-37,8 45-57 50-54 50,37 50-52 53,17 35,1 20,1 28,7 25,0 21,8 FejOj 3,1-5,0 9,4 8,9 11,6 15,0 19,2
Ham lugng cac oxid (%)
V2O5 0,4-0,9 0,1 0,1 -0-12
-SiOj AI2O, CU2O3 2,9-3,5 - 0,03
5,63 0.85 0,12 1,78 1,08 0,01
0,21 1-5 0,22 0,(M
0,04 MnO 23 1,50 1,45 -1,12 -CaO 0,08 0,008 0,002 -0,002 -MgO 63 027 0,09 0,17 -027 S 3-8
-Bdng Thanh p h i n khoang vat quang titan
cl Viet Nam
Khu vuc md va loai quang
Nui Chiia -Thai Nguyen
(quang gdc) Sa khoang ven bie'n (tir Mdng Cai de'n Bd Ria - Vung Tau)
Khoang vat chu ye'u Ilmenit, Rutin, Anatar Ilmenit, Rutin, Anataz, Leicosen
Khoang vat phu cd ich
Magnetit, Hematit, Pyrit, Pyrotin, Chancopyrit,
Pentlandit,Nikelin, Cobantin, Ziacon Ziacon, Monasit, Xenotim,
Conrindon, Cassiterit, Vang tir sinh, Cromit,
Magnetit, Hemati
cOng nghiep, quang ilmenit khOng dugc sir dung true tie'p dudi dang nguyen lieu khoang nguyen thuy Vi vay, phuong phap hoan nguyen quang ilmenit nhdm
tao san phdm cdng nghiep trung gian, lam nguyen lieu ddu vao cho cac co sd san xudt cOng nghiep nhu san xudt que han dien, pigmen (Ti02), oxid sat va hgp kim cila Ti
b) Ban chat cue phuong phap hoan nguyen ilmenit
Dung nhiet dd cao de' tac dOng len ilmenit nguyen thily mOi trudng khu nhd cd CO, lam cho cdu triic tinh the' ciia ilmenit bi phd huy O trang thai rdn bi kich thich cac phan irng hod hgc phan da xdy ra, hinh cac pha mdi gia hinh theo ilmenit
TTieo si; tang len cila nhiet dO nung ndng mOi trudng hoan nguyen Idn lugt xdy cac phan irng giira cac pha nhu sau :
O nhiet > 600 °C
C (than da) -1- O2
C (than da) -t- CO2 FeTiO, -h O2 -H H2O
O nhiet > 800 °C
FeTiO, -h O2 -I- CO Fe20, 2Ti02 + CO
d nhiet dp > 1000 °C
FezO, 2Ti02 + CO FeO Ti02 + CO FeO + CO
Nhu vay qua trinh hoan nguyen ilmenit nguyen thuy da ddn de'n su phan huy "dung dich cung" tire la hinh cac pha khoang mdi tren be mat cung nhu hat theo so dd sau :
t ° C t ° C t ° C
t ° C t ° C
t ° C t ° C t ° C
->
CO2 + CO CO
Fe203 2Ti02 H- HjOt
Fe20, 2Ti02 -I- C02t 2FeO + 2Ti02 + CO2T
2FeO -I- 2Ti02 + CO2T Fe -t- Ti02 + C02t Fe + CO2T
(4)FeTiO, -h C -(- phu gia -t- HjO -(- Oj > Fe20,2Ti02 + FeO -i- T1O2 -^ Fe -^ CO,T + H,OT
3 Quy trinh hoan nguyen ilmenit
Quy trinh hoan nguyen dua trSn nguyen ly diing nhiet do, cac chat xiic tac (phu gia) va mOi trudng oxy hod khii de dieu khie'n cac phan irng hda hoc theo timg ndc nhiet dO va mOi trudng thich hgp
a) Thie't bi chu yeu cua cdng nghe
® Ld nung la thie't bi quan trgng nhdt day chuyen hoan nguyen ilmenit O cac nude cOng nghiep cd nhieu loai Id nung khac diing cOng nghe xu ly quang ilmenit nhu Id hOp, Id quay Id hdm (Id tuynen) O Trung Qudc hien dang sir dung phd bie'n la Id tuynen Loai Id cd uu die'm vdn ddu tu it, de van hanh, cho nang sudt cao, diing cho nhi6u loai nhien lieu
® Ld hdm (tuynen) ddt bang than antraxit Quang Ninh de' tie'n hanh hoan nguyen ilmenit Ld tuynen cd cac thOng sd :
- Chilu dai : 28 m - Chi6u rOng : 2,4 m - Chieu cao : 2,5 m - Ong khdi cao :15 m
- Dudng kinh Ong khdi : 45 cm - Nhiet nung tir 20 °C de'n 1.200 °C
Q> Thie't bi phu trg
- Xe godng chuye'n ddng nhd he thdng thuy lire - He thdng ca'p gid vdi budng thu hdi nhiet - Thiei bi nhiet : hoa ke, cap nhiet dien dOng ® Cac thie't bi khac
- May nghien tinh quang - May ep bao nung - May tuye'n tir
- Thiei bi kiein tra chdt luong san phdm b) Quy trinh san xua't ilmenit hoan nguyen tai Cong ty Silicat Viet An Hai Phong
Quy trinh cOng nghe san xudt ilmenit hoan nguyen dugc tie'n hanh theo budc (hinh 2) :
® Chudn bi nguyen lieu : kie'm tra chdt lugng quang, nghien quang ;
® San xua't bao nung (phuong phap ep thuy lire); Q) Phdi lieu : can trOn quang ilmenit than va phu gia ;
® Nung hoan nguyen theo che'dO da dugc tinh trudc (tir 20 de'n 24 gid) (/i/Vi/i 3);
© Tuye'n lam gidu san phdm sau nung nhdm loai trir thach anh, than cdn du, ilmenit chua hoan nguyen,
© Kie'm tra chdt luong san phdm : kie'm tra nhanh va kie'm tra bang phuong phap X-Ray
® Ddng gdi san phdm: bao Idp luong 30 kg
c) Danh gia chat luang ilmenit hoan nguyen Chiing toi Idy mdu va tie'n hanh phan tich nhieu xa Rcengen de xac dinh phan khoang hinh qua trinh hoan nguyen va phan tich hod hgc mOt so chi tieu co ban : ITi02, FeO, Fe, C, P va S cua cac mdu thi nghiem tuong irng Ket qua phan tich Rd;ngen neu d bdng
Bdng Ket qua phan tich phSn pha
khoang vat mau ilmenit hoan nguyen*
Ten pha khoang vat Thach anh Ilmenit Pseudobrukit Rutin Weustit
Sdt kim loai (Fe) Hematit
Zircon
Hdm lugng khoang Thi
nghiem 6,1 15,8 23,6 14,9
-33,5
0,4 0,8
Thi nghiem 11
5,2 15,8 26,4 27,20
1,80 22,0
1,2 0,65
vat (%) Thi nghiem HI
6,01 14,33 21,53 1939 2,64 34,27 1,6
-* Phuong phap Ramgcn, Phdng X - Ray, khoa Vat ly DHKHTN
Bdng trinh bdy kei qua phan tich mdt sd hgp
phdn CO ban cila ilmenit hoan nguyen cila du an va ilmenit hoan ngu)'en cua COng ty Maoming va Ubridge Group.Co - Trung Qudc Nhung gid tri cila cdc hgp phdn co ban nhu FeO, C, P va S deu ndm khoang cho phep Cd the khang dinh chdt lugng hoan nguyen ilmenit cila du an khOng kem chat lugng hang nhap ngoai, dap irng yeu cdu diing lam nguyen lieu san xudt que han va xudt khdu cung nhu cac muc dich khac COng ty Silicat Viet An Hai Phdng hien dang dp dung cOng nghe hoan nguyen ilmenit bdng Id tuynen, hang thang san xudt hon 100 ta'n ilmenit hoan nguyen cho cac nha may san xudt que han dien d Hai Phdng, Ha NOi, Viet Tri, Da Ndng va Tp Hd Chi Minh
(5)San xua't bao nung
I r o n sa mot + set u dec
V
£ p , diin bao nung
V
Can phoi lieu quSng + phu gia
V
Dong vao bao nung
V
Nung 16 tuynen nhiet 11.200 °C
\'
Lam nguoi, nghien xoa
V
Tuyen gio lam giau
^ /
Tuyen tir lam giau
\ /
>
Phan tich ph an hat
Than dU(C)
Khong nhiem tU FeTi02.Si02
San pham ilmenit
hoan nguyen Kiem tra chat luong
Dong bao san pham nhap kho
Hinh So dd cOng nghe hoan nguyen Ilmenit sa khoang ven bie'n Viet Nam
Bdng Ke't qua phan tich phSn hoa hoc san IQOO
pham Ilmenit hoan nguyen* Ham lugng (%) Thanh
phdn Mdu** Mdu Mdu oxid MBD MHT MTH
Qy Ubridge Mao- Group
ning Co TiOz
FeO Fe SiO, ALO, Cr20, C P s
43,52 7,0 27,5 1,29 0,35 0,04 0,05 0,03
-55,0 3,15 24,85 1,08 0,98 0,09 0,2 0,04
-38,42 6,1 23,45
0,90 -0,32 0,2 0,03
-54,0 6,0 -0,2 0,03 0,03
52,0 7,0
-0,2 0,04 0,035
t
000 800 500
200 100 50
'T°C
/
\ GiO^ 2 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Hinh Bie'u dd nung ilmenit Id tuynen
<- CHU GIAI Bdng
(6)KET LUAN
COng nghe hoan nguyen ilmenit bdng Id hdm (tuynen) lam thay ddi cdu triic nguyen thuy cua ilmenit, tao cac pha khoang mdi, lam gidu quang va cd the sir dung lam que han thay the hang nhap ngoai va de' xua't khdu
COng trinh nghien ciru dugc hoan vdi sir hd trg tai chinh cila chuong trinh nghien ciru co ban, de tai ma sd 704706 Tap the tac gia xin tran trgng cam on
TAI LIEU DAN
111 V.I BECHECHIN, 1965 : Khoang vat hoc (Nga van) Bien dich Nguyen Van Chien Nxb Dai hgc
| | R.G BERCHER, A.B, CANNING, 1965 : A new Process for Upgrading Ilmenit Mineral Sands, V, 21,
|31 J,D, DANA 2001 : Manual of Mineralogy Twenty Fist Edition
| | RUANG - QING ZHANG, O OSTROLSKl, 2000 ; Effect of Preoxidation and Sintering on properties of Ilmenit concentratess Int J.Miner Process 64
| | TRAN VAN TRI (chil bien) 2000 : Tdi nguyen Khoang san Viet Nam Cue Dia chdt va Khoang san Viet Nam xudt ban, 214 trang
S U M M A R Y
Possibility to apply the technology to revert ilmenite as material for welding rod production Titaniferous iron is considering as an important material for technologists ; specially aeroplane manu-facture, spacecraft, nano material
Ti-beaning minerals are abundant in nature The most common ones are of oxide mineral group such as: njtie, anatase, brookite, ilmenite, titanomagnetite
In Vietnam, over hundreds of magmatic and placer Ti mines are found in coastal zone and most of them has exploited and their production has exported about several ten thousand tons
The reverts ilmenites from coastal zone placer deposites has carried out in tunnel furnace Tempera-ture heated from 200 to 1200°C in reduced condition The reverted ilmenite has similar quality as the one imported from China,
Ngdy nhan bdi : 10-6-2008
Trudng Dai hoc Tu nhien Cty TNHII Silicat Viet An - Hdi Phong
Vien Cong nghe - Bd Cdng thuang