plural forms but singular verbs: news/ physics/ economics/ politics/ linguistics/ genetics/ athletes/ mumps/ the United States/ the PhiliP.Pines/ Wales/….. e.g.[r]
(1)PHẦN VI - ASPECTS OF SPEECH
I- EMPHASIS:
1 Kinds (Classification):
1.1 Pronunciation: using stresses and intonation e.g Are you free? Really?
1.2 Written forms (transformation): e.g. She could hardly understand ~Hardly could she understand.
2 Styles:
2.1 Verbs: do/ does/ did + bare infinitives
e.g He visited us yesterday ~ He did visit us yesterday.
Hoa loves romantic films ~ Hoa does love romantic films.
2.2 Adjectives: It is/was + adjs + to infinitives
e.g + Knowing your limitation is important ~ It’s important to know…
+ He found that learning English was difficult ~ He found that it was
2.3 Reflexive pronouns: myself/ yourself/ himself/ herself/ itself/ ourselves/ …
e.g She did it ~ She herself did it. He thought that ~ He himself thought that.
2.4 Emphasis case: It is/ was …that …(cleft sentences)
e.g I hated him ~ It was him who I hated.
I need a replacement not others ~ It is a replacement, not others that I need.
2.5 Inversion case: here/ restricted adverbs
e.g He could never find out the truth ~ Never could he find out the truth.
We seldom eat snails ~ Seldom we eat snails.
II- QUANTITIERS:
1 Single verbs agreements:
1.1 each/ every/ either/ neither + N(s)/ of N(s) + singular V
e.g Each person has his own thought. Neither of my children gets up late.
1.2 each/ every + N(s)/ each/ every + N + singular V
e.g Each day and each night passes without me missing her./ Each of the boys has his own books of photos.
1.3 every/ some/ no + singular V(s) e.g Someone was sitting outside. No-one knows him.
1.4 plural forms but singular verbs: news/ physics/ economics/ politics/ linguistics/ genetics/ athletes/ mumps/ the United States/ the PhiliP.Pines/ Wales/…
e.g The United States was shock by the bombing on September 11th.
The Philippines is a developing.
1.5 uncountable nouns: furniture/ water/ traffic/ progress/ homework/ knowledge/… e.g Water is composed by Oxygen and Hydrogen. At this time of day, traffic is very heavy.
1.6 distance/ time/ money:
e.g Five miles is a relatively far distance. Fifty billion dongs is a big sum of money.
1.7 titles of books/ articles/ stories: e.g “Tom and Jerry” is well-known all over the world.
“The seven dragon pearls” is a picture book.
1.8 subjective clauses: e.g All that he needed was a full apology. What I really like is an ice cream.
2 Plural verbs agreements:
2.1 combination “and”: e.g Tom and his friends were walking to school.
2.2 “the + adj(s)” form: e.g The English are cool The rich are not always happy.
2.3 collective nouns: e.g Cattle are driven to the field.
2.4 some/ a few/ a lot of/ both/… e.g Some boys are resigned
3 Various agreements:
3.1 Either or
Neither + N1 nor + N2 + V Not only but also (but ….as well )
e.g Either Tom or his friends are coming Neither the Prime Minister nor his ministers have been injured
3.2 The number of + N(s) + singular V A number of + N(s) + plural V
e.g The number of attendants is poor. A number of visitors are killed.
3.3 Pronoun1/ N1 + pre + pronoun2/ N2 + singular V
e.g A pair of shoes is cheaper than a table. Two pairs of shoes is much more expensive than a table.
3.4 All/ some/ plenty / a lot singular N(s) + singular V Half/ most/ the rest/ lots + of + plural N(s) + plural V