TYPE 4 mixed ( trong mệnh đề if trái với quá khứ, trong mệnh đề chính trái với hiện tại) Ex: If I hadn’t stayed up late, I wouldn’t be sleepy now.. IF ONLY: nhấn mạnh tình huống giả thiế[r]
(1)CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 0: thể đk tương lai
If +S + V/Vs/Ves, S+ V/Vs/Ves Ex: If you put a paper into the flame, it burns at once
Đảo ngữ (Were you to meet Jane, please give my best regard to her.) TYPE 1: Điều kiện xảy (open/likely/possible condition)
If +S+ V/Vs/Ves, S + simple future (will+V)
If +S+ V/Vs/Ves, Imperative form (mệnh lệnh cách) Đảo ngữ: Should + S + V, ……… EX: If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach
If you study hard, you will pass the exam
If you meet Jane, please give my best regard to her If John comes, tell him I am waiting for him at school Đảo ngữ (Should you study hard, you will pass the exam.)
TYPE 2: Điều kiện không thật (present unreal condition)
If + S +V(ed/cột 2)/ did not + V, S + would/could/should (not) + V Đảo ngữ: 1, If + S + were + N/ adj, S + would/could/should (not) + V Were + S + N/ adj, S + would/could/should (not) + V 2, If + S +V(ed/cột 2), S + would/could/should (not) + V Were + S + to V, S + would/could/should (not) + V EX: If it didn’t rain now, we would go to the beach.(e.g It is now raining outside.) If I were you/ If I were in your position is used to give an advice
EX: If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle Đảo ngữ : (Were I you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle.) If I knew it, I would tell you earlier
Đảo ngữ: (Were I to know it, I would tell you earlier.)
TYPE 3: Điều kiện không thật khứ (past unreal condition)
If+ S + had (not)+ V(ed/cột 3), S+ would have + V(ed/cột 3) Đảo ngữ: Had + S+ V(ed/cột 3), S+ would have + V(ed/cột 3)
EX: If it hadn’t rain yesterday, we would have gone to the beach.(e.g It rained heavily yesterday.) If I had known she was ill yesterday, I would have come to visit her
If he had worked harder, he could have passed the exams (e.g he didn’t work hard.) If we had brought a map with us, we mightn’t have got lost
TYPE mixed ( mệnh đề if trái với khứ, mệnh đề trái với tại) Ex: If I hadn’t stayed up late, I wouldn’t be sleepy now (I stayed up late and now I am sleepy)
If+ S + had (not)+ V(ed/cột 3), S +would/could/should (not) + V Một số câu đặc biệt:
1 IF ONLY: nhấn mạnh tình giả thiết - If only, I were in your position
- If only he had known she was in hospital, he would have visited her Sử dụng were to/ had been để tăng tính giả thiết
- If I were to ask you to lend me some money, what would you say? - If it hadn’t been for her children, she wouldn’t have sold her house WISH
- Trái với tại: S + wish + S + V(ed/cột 2)/ did not + V Ex: I wish I had a bigger house ( I don’t have a big house now )
- Trái với khứ: S + wish + S + had + V(ed/cột 3)/ had not + V(ed/cột 3) Ex: I wish I hadn’t been ill ( I were ill )
- Ao ước sảy hoạc phàn nàn điều ngồi ý muốn chủ quan người nói S + wish + S + would/could/should (not) + V
Ex: I wish it wouldn’t rain
I wish he wouldn’t keep on smoking
CÁCH VIẾT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN DỰA TRÊN TÌNH HUỐNG 1, Tình Type Tình QK Type
(2)3, Nếu MĐ nối because mệnh đề đứng sau because đổi thành mđ If, mđ cịn lại thành mđ chính
BẢNG CHUYỂN ĐỘNG TỪ
MỆNH ĐỀ IF MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH
Câu cho trước câu viết lại Câu cho trước câu viết lại
1, Is/ am/ are Were not 1, Is/ am/ are Would not be
2, Is/ am/ are not Were 2, Is/ am/ are not Would be
3, V/ Vs/ Ves Did not + V 3, V/ Vs/ Ves Would not V
4, Don’t/ doesn’t V V(ed/cột 2) 4, Don’t/ doesn’t V Would V
5, Was/ were Had not been 5, Was/ were Would not have been
6, Was/ were not Had been 6, Was/ were not Would have been
7, V(ed/cột 2) Had not V(ed/cột 3) 7, V(ed/cột 2) Would not have V(ed/cột 3) 8, Did not + V Had V(ed/cột 3) 8, Did not + V Would have V(ed/cột 3)
9, Can V Could not V 9, Can V Could not V
10, Can not V Could V 10, Can not V Could V
11, Have / has + N Did not have + N 11, Have / has + N Would not have CÁCH VIẾT CÂU MONG ƯỚC VỚI WISH
Câu cho trước câu viết lại 1, Is/ am/ are Were not 2, Is/ am/ are not Were 3, V/ Vs/ Ves Did not + V 4, Don’t/ doesn’t V V(ed/cột 2) 5, Was/ were Had not been 6, Was/ were not Had been
7, V(ed/cột 2) Had not V(ed/cột 3) 8, Did not + V Had V(ed/cột 3)
9, Can V Could not V
10, Can not V Could V
11, Have / has + N Did not have + N
EX: She regretted that she did not buy that car She wished that she had bought that car CÁCH CHUYỂN MỆNH ĐỀ IF THÀNH UNLESS
1, Nếu động từ chính mệnh đề If phủ định chuyển if thành unless, bỏ từ phủ định giữ nguyên mệnh đề
Ex: If she doesn’t water the flowers, they will die Unless she waters the flowers, they will die If I had not stayed up late last night, I would not feel asleep now
Unless I had stayed up late last night, I would not feel asleep now
2, Nếu động từ chính mệnh đề If khẳng định chuyển if thành unless, giữ nguyên động từ trong mệnh đề if chuyển động từ mệnh đề sang thể ngược lại ( khẳng địnhphủ định, phủ địnhkhẳng định)
Ex: If she waters the flowers, they will not die Unless she waters the flowers, they will die If I had stayed up late last night, I would feel asleep now
Unless I had stayed up late last night, I would not feel asleep now Make the correct choice
1 “Would you mind if we _you by your first name?” -“Not at all Please call me Tom.”
A called B call C calling D want to call
2 She can’t get home _ she has no money
A unless B if C until D without
3 If I had known your new address, we _to see you
A came B will come C would come D would have come
4 If we took the 10:30 train, _ too early
A we would arrive B we should arrive C we will arrive D we may arrive It’s very crowded here I wish there _ so many people
A aren’t B weren’t C haven’t been D isn’t
6 I wouldn’t go there at night if I _ you
A am B was C were D had been
7 If I _ get a pole, I’ll go fishing
(3)8 If they had enough time, they _ head south
A will B can C must D might
9 If you _ a choice, which country would you visit?
A have B had C have had D will have
10 Trees won’t grow _ there is enough water
A if B when C unless D as
11 _ she agreed, you would have done it
A If B Had C Should D Would
12 If you _ to be chosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field
A want B wanted C had wanted D wants
13 If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy _ saved
A might be B have been C was D might have been
14 If there _ enough water, the rice fields could have been more productive
A had been B were C would be D are
15 The patient could not recover unless he _ an operation [undergo: pass through] A had undergone B would undergo C underwent D was undergoing 16 If she _ him, she would be very happy
A would meet B will meet C is meeting D should meet 17 If he _ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post
A had had B had C has D has had
18 If I had enough money, I _ abroad to improve my English
A will go B would go C should go D should have to go
19 If it _ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight
A be B is C was D were
20 If you _ time, please write to me
A have B had C have had D has
21 If it _ tomorrow, we may postpone going on a picnic
A rains B will rain C shall rain D raining
22 If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you _ sleepy now A wouldn’t have been B wouldn’t be
C might have not been D wouldn’t have been being 23 If you _ as I told you, you _ sorry now
A did- would not be B had done- had not been C – would not be D had done – would not be 24 If only I _ him now
A see B saw C have seen D seen
25 If I _, I’ll let you know
A am staying B will stay C stay D would stay
26 If only I _ you wanted to invest money in business
A had known B knew C have known D know
27 Linda wishes she _her car
A hasn’t sold B hadn’t sold C doesn’t sell D won’t sell 28 He looked frightened as if he _a ghost
A had seen B saw C would see D was seeing
29 I wish it _ a holiday today
A were B will be C is D had been
30 “My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus.” -“ _, we would have picked you up.”
A Had we known B If we have known C We had known D If we did know 31 If I _ as young as you are, I _ in a boat round the world
A were- would sail B would be – would sail
C were- will sail D would- would sail
32 If he _tickets yesterday, he _ on the beach now
A had booked- would be lying B had booked- would have lied
C booked – would lie D books- will lie
33 If you _ less last night, you _ so bad today
A had drunk- would not have felt B drank- would not feel
(4)34 It seemed as if he _ of it before
A would never hear B has never heard C never heard D had never heard 35 _ today, she would get home by Friday
A Would she leave B Was she leaving C Were she to leave D If she leaves 36 “He’s a very brave man.” “Yes, I wish I _ his courage.”
A have B had C will have D would have
37 _he _ hard last year, he would have lost the first prize
A Hadn’t – studied B Had- studied C Didn’t study D If – had studied 38 We’re going to be late if _ right now
A we not leave B we didn’t leave C we won’t leave D we don’t leave 39 “I wish this city _ so noisy.” “I know I wish we _ in the countryside.”
A isn’t – live B wasn’t – live C weren’t- live D weren’t – lived 40 He acted as though he _ for days
A not eat B hasn’t eaten C hadn’t eaten D didn’t eat
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same, beginning with If The speaker was ill suddenly and they cancelled the lecture
2 I am in a hurry I won’t stay for dinner
3 He can’t type He isn’t able to operate a computer I was able to buy the car because Jim lent me the money
5 He doesn’t have time to exercises, that’s why he is unhealthy Lucky you were here, or the house would have caught fire The police showed me the way, so I found the house John is fat because he eats so many chips
9 John missed the ferry because his car broke down 10 I didn’t know your number, so I didn’t call you
Finish the second sentence in each pair, using If or Unless. If you don’t better work than this, you won’t pass the exam You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa
3 Unless someone has a key, we can’t get into the house Unless he phones immediately, he won’t get any information If Joe doesn’t change his ways, he will end up in prison If he doesn’t work harder, he’ll lose his job
7 If it rains, we won’t go swimming
8 You will become ill unless you stop working so hard If you work hard, you’ll pass your exam
10 Unless you hurry, you won’t catch the bus
11 If he doesn’t start work right now, he’ll never finish it 12 We won’t get there on time without taking a taxi
13 Joan will stay on at school unless she finds a good job before September 14 If you don’t rest, you really will be ill
15 The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor
16 You won’t find any accommodation if you don’t book it in advance 17 You will catch a cold if you don’t keep your feet dry
18 I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone 19 Put more salt in or you won’t be able to taste it