Robin A.. W e hope th at this book will be helpful in preparing d edicated young people for th eir future professional career in o th er schools as well as at th e C la[r]
(1)Robin A Bradley
English for Nursing ana
Health Care
A course in general and professional English
C a o D an g Y te Phu TIiq - T lur v i?n
(2)(3)E N G L ISH FO R N U R S IN G A N D H EA LTH C A R E
A course in general and professional English
T RUONG
I C A P DANG
Y Tfc PH U ' H i;
T hu Vi- !
(4)(5)ENGLISH FOR NURSING AND HEALTH CARE
A course
in general and professional English
Robin A Bradley
C artoon Illustrations by Claudio Be:
A udio C D Included
Me Graw Hill
Singapore • Boston • Burr Ridge, IL • Dubuque IA • Madison Wl • New York • San Francisco St Louis • Bangkok • Kuala Lumpur • Lisbon • London • Madrid • Mexico City
(6)The McGraw-Hill Companies
E n g lish f o r N u r s in g a n d H e a lth C a r e : A C o u r s e in G e n e r a l a n d P r o fe s s io n a l E n g lish I n t e r n a t i o n a l E d itio n 2008
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W hen o rd e rin g this title, use ISBN 978-007-126603-1 o r M H ID 007-126603-8
Me Graw Hill
(7)CO N TENTS
F O R E W O R D XI
A B O U T T H E A U T H O R XIII
UNIT 1
ENGLISH, THE HOSPITAL AND THE PEOPLE
- A - W H Y IS E N G L IS H IN C L U D ED IN T H E N U R S IN G SY LL A B U S’
Expression and word list 1A
- B - IN T R O D U C IN G YO U RSELF A N D H O S PIT A L STAFF
P ro n u n c iatio n and p h o n etics
A ccep ted abbreviations (1)
D ifferent countries, n a tio n a litie s and languages
English for w ork and play 11
- C - H O S PIT A L PE R S O N N E L - H EA LTH C A R E W O R K E R S 12 In tro d u c tio n to m edical term inology (1) 14
- D - W A R D S A N D D E PA R T M E N T S IN A H O SP IT A L 15
M edical term inology (2) 16
G R A M M A R N O T E S - P rep o sitio n s (1)
E xpression and word list 1B/C/D 20
- E - T H E PR E S E N T SIM PLE TEN SE ( ) 22 T H E P R E S E N T C O N T IN U O U S TEN SE 26
T h e new train ee 28
(8)C
o
n
te
n
ts - F - T H E A N A T O M IC A L P O S IT IO N A N D BODY PA RTS A djectives and th eir opposites
C ollo q u ial language using parts o f th e body Expression and word li'-t 1E/F
- G - T O IL ET R IES
C lo th e s and accessories
- H - M A C H IN E S , IN S T R U M E N T S A N D O T H E R G A IX '.E T S Instrum ents and o th e r things used for physical ex am in atio n s Expression and word li't 1G/H
- I - DAYS O F T H E W EEK M O N T H S A N D S E A S O N S M o n th s o f the year
Seasons
O rd in al num bers Dates
G R A M M A R N O T E S - P rep o sitio n s (2)
- I - SH IFT W O R K ER S, TIM E A N D N U M B E R S
G e ttin g to w ork (or doing a procedure) - How long does it take? Verbalising num bers
- K - DAILY R O U T IN E S - H A B IT S IPR ESEN T SIM PLE TEN SE (2)1 Exam ple of th e ro u tin e m o rn in g shift in a surgical ward
Profile o f a nurse
- L - A C T IV IT IE S O F DAILY LIV IN G (A D Ls) R evision o f verbs
C O N D IT IO N A L S f l F ' S E N T E N C E D
- M - T A K IN G RISKS
It’s b e tte r to be safe th a n sorry!
G R A M M A R N O T E S - V erb p a tte rn s
W h y take th e risk? You know th e dam age and disease th a t sm oking causes
G R A M M A R N O T E S - 'sh o u ld ' o r 's h o u ld n ’t'
\ HEA LTH A N D DISEA SE S hapes
T h e physiology of physical h e a lth To be or n o t to be? - H ealthy, th a t is!
29 31 33 34 35 36 41 42 43 45 45 45 46 46 46 48 49 49 52 54 56 58 60 63 66 66 67 S 69 “ ■>
i V
“ II_ 74 76
VI
O B SERV A TIO N Signs and sym ptom s
(9)- P - M ED IC A L T E R M IN O L O G Y (3) 81 M edical term inology - Pu ttin g th e building blocks to g eth er 82 M edical term inology (4) W h a t’s w rong w ith me? 84
- Q - A C H E S A N D PA IN S 85
W h a t is pain? 85
A djectives th a t are used to describe p ain 87
A ch es 87
Revision exercise 88
Expression and word list I-Q 89
- R - T H E PR ESEN T PER FEC T T EN SE ( ) 93
UNIT
THE PATIENT AND THE WARD
- A - T1 IE PA TIE N T A S A N IN D IV ID U A L 98
- B - A D M IS S IO N A N D PA TIEN T A S S E SS M E N T 100
A ccep ted ab breviations (2) 100
T aking ‘obs’ 101
G R A M M A R N O T E S - w ill’ a n d ‘w o n ’t ’ 102
A dm ission to h ospital 103
S tan d ard adm ission procedure 103
- C - U N D E R S T A N D IN G C H A R T S 104
- D - PRESSU R E A R E A S A N D PR ESSU R E SO R ES 106
T h e N o rto n Scale o f A ssessm ent 106
- E - T H E BED A N D BED LIN EN 108
M aking th e bed o f an unconscious or bedfast p a tie n t 109 T H E PR E SEN T PERFECT (2) A N D O T H E R PE R FEC T T E N SE S 110
- F - T H E W A R D A N D T H E R O O M S 112
G R A M M A R N O T E S - C o n ju n c tio n s 11
W h a t is it and w h a t’s it for? 14
T H E PA SSIV E TEN SE 115
D IR E C T A N D R EPO R TED SPEEC H 117
G PI \N N N G FOR D IS C H A R G E Expression and word list
120
(10)UNIT THE HUMAN BODY
Inside and Out
- A - LEVELS O F O R G A N IS A T IO N
- B - T H E S T R U C T U R E A N D F U N C T IO N O F BODY SYSTEM S
S tructure
G R A M M A R NOTES - Talking about structure
Function no
- C - D IR E C T IO N A L TERM S 132
Planes of division 132
D irectional term s 133
Body cavities
C lin ical divisions o f th e abdom en 135
- I V T H E SKELETAL SYSTEM 13
T h e structure of a long bone 137
- E - JO IN T S 13
FR A C T U R E S 14
C ause and effect 141
- F - M O V E M E N T P O S T U R E A N D L IFT IN G 142
- G - DISEASE 14
Predisposing factors in th e occurrence o f disease
T h e body’s lines o f defence
S terilisation, d isinfection and antisepsis
A ltern a tiv e m edicine
Expression and word list 14
Playing w ith words - M ore idiom s using th e nam es of body parts 151
Crossw ord 152
UNIT 4
DIET AND NUTRITION
- A - F O O D A N D F O O D G R O U P S 154
M eals 155
T h e h e alth y d iet pyram id 156
- B - W H A T T O EAT A N D H O W M l'C H 157
G u id elin es tor a h e a lth ie r daily diet 15S
(11)- C - Q U A N T IF IE R S 159
C o u n tab le n o uns 159
U n c o u n tab le nou n s ^9
Spot th e difference - Is/Are th ere any left? 160
Expressions o f q u an tity 161
- D - W E IG H T ST A T U S - T H E BODY M A SS INDEX 162
- E - T H E D IG ES TIV E SYSTEM 163
T h e digestive system 164
T h e functions of the liver 166
- F - D IFFEREN T H O S P IT A L D IETS 168
- G - SPEC IA L D IETS 170
T h e fluid balance c h art (FBC) 171
Religions and food 172
Patien ts and th e ir problem s 174
- H - FEED IN G PA TIEN TS 177
E nteral n u tritio n 178
Intravenous feeding 179
Prep aratio n o f food and recipes 180
Recipes 181
G R A M M A R N O T E S - -ing clauses as c o n ju n c tio n 182
Expression and word list 183
B IB L IO G R A PH Y 187
A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S 187
APPENDICES
- - L IS T E N IN G EXERCISES 190
- - A N S W E R KEY 206
- - G L O S S A R Y 232
- - W E IG H T S A N D M E A S U R E S 242
- - P E R IO D IC TABLE O F T H E ELEM EN TS 243
- 6- E N G L IS H A L P H A B E T 244
(12)(13)FOREWORD
Several years ago, as a response to th e recen t changes in ed u catio n for trainee nurses and students o f o th e r h e a lth care professions in Italy, th e su b je ct of S c ien tific E nglish was in tro d u c ed C onsequently, th e nursing school at the C lau d ian a C ollege in Bolzano/Bozen (w hich is affiliated w ith th e Faculty of M edicine at th e U niversity of V erona) was required to include a 50-hour English course in th e nursing syllabus
W h en it becam e ap p aren t th a t th ere was very little m aterial available tor teach in g English to students of h e alth care professions, we launched a project to create an English course w ith c o n te n ts th a t would be o f use to ou r stu d en ts in th e ir future w orking fields In c o llab o ratio n w ith R obin Bradley, a specialised h e a lth care professional herself, and a local school o f English in Bolzano/Bozen, m aterial for a m odule system was com piled and th e n introduced in to th e nursing curriculum R obin Bradley, who has b een doing Scientific English courses for all th e h e alth professionals at our school for m ore th a n 15 years, arranged for 10 d ifferen t E nglish tea ch e rs (w ith o u t any p rio r m edical know ledge) to use th e m odules she had prepared T hese m odules h av e now been used to teach Scientific English to m ore th a n 650 nursing stu d en ts over a 4-year period D uring th is tim e, c o n sta n t feedback from th e stu d en ts and th e teachers has allow ed Ms Bradley to co n tin u ally im prove th e m aterial T h e m odules have now been com pletely revised and h av e becom e th e sections o f this book
S ince research and science will becom e ev en m ore im p o rtan t to th e nursing profession in the future, greater em phasis will have to be placed o n English related to th e nurses’ training W e hope th at this book will be helpful in preparing d edicated young people for th eir future professional career in o th er schools as well as at th e C laudiana
Dr m ed Lukas L o ch n er Dr med W ern er W allnofer (Scientific T u to r) (C ourse D irecto r - N ursing)
C L A U D IA N A - P ro v in cial T e rtia n T rain in g C o lleg e for H e a lth C a re Professions, B o l:an o /B o :en , Italy
XI
F
o
re
w
o
(14)(15)A B O U T TH E A U TH O R
H aving done my general nursing train in g at th e Royal N o rth S hore H ospital in Sydney, A ustralia, and th e n midwifery at the Royal W o m en ’s H ospital in association w ith th e M elbourne U niversity, I had m ore th a n 20 years’ experience working in different m edically-related en v iro n m en ts - general and private hospitals, nursing hom es and a m edical laboratory - before com ing to Italy to live My nursing train in g was en tirely carried out at th e hospital at th a t tim e - it was a 4-year course follow ed by a n o th e r year to specialise in midwifery W e worked ‘broken shifts’ and atte n d ed lectures in our tim e off! - living in th e nurses’ quarters at th e hosp ital m ade this possible
1 started teach in g general English at English schools in S o u th Tyrol and m edical and scientific English to h e a lth care professionals at th e local h ospital in Bolzano/Bozen in Italy in 1989 I am proud of th e m any stu d en ts w ho h av e follow ed a m edically-related career and are now successfully and happily em ployed in th eir chosen field I have co n tin u e d to learn from my stu d en ts and th an k s to them , my family, my colleagues and friends, and th e librarians and staff at th e C lau d ian a C ollege, this book, th e recordings for th e listening exercises and a teach ers’ m anual h av e becom e a reality It has been a challenge from th e b eginning and after years, feel have produced an interestin g and co m prehensive course for nurses w ho w an t to im prove th e ir English language skills b o th in social situations and at work
A ll m edically-related professions have becom e m ore specialised over th e years and m eth o d s and eq u ip m en t used for teach in g and w orking h av e chan g ed dram atically in th e last few decades T h e priority in all areas was and still is, th e w ell-being o f th e p atien ts in our care W e must all take tim e to discover th e person b eh in d th e p a tie n t and to develop a positive rapport w'ith each and every one A ll hu m an s are individuals w ith specific needs Illness, disability or disease puts any person at a disadvantage H o sp italisatio n can be an in tim id atin g and frightening experience and it is im p o rtan t th a t all staff personalise th e ir a tte n tio n to p a tie n ts to ensure the best possible outcom e B eing well- inform ed and w ell-prepared for all situations bring m ultiple benefits to all concerned
R obin Bradley
SN (D ouble C e rt.) TO EFL (C am bridge)
(16)(17)UNIT
ENGLISH
(18)U N I T A
W HY IS ENGLISH INC LU DED IN TH E NURSING SYLLABUS?
L istening - An in tr o d u c tio n to a n u rs in g c a r e e r R ead th e tex t a n d lis te n to the recording
N u rs in g is a profession w hich in v o lv es c arin g an d sh arin g w ith people from all w alks of life
C a re an d e m p a th y are illustrated, hy each one o f us, th ro u g h c o m m u n ic a tio n and actions
A good basic e d u ca tio n and professional nursing training are tools for an exciting, interesting and rewarding career
English can widen your horizons trem endously, h elp to deepen your scientific know ledge and create m any o th er work-related opportunities:
♦ In tern a tio n a lly M ost scientific conferences and congresses are now h e ld in E nglish an d v isitin g lecturers, colleagues and tu to rs o ften prefer to use English
♦ W o rk E x p erien ce T h e re is a d e m a n d for nurses in every c o u n try in th e w orld N urses c a n gain v aluable e x p erien c e by w orking overseas an d also o b ta in h ig h e r q u a lific a tio n s in specialised fields
A id -w o rk ers are req u ire d in w ar-to rn co u n tries an d areas o f n atu ral disasters W ork is a v ailab le for n u rses in to u rist resorts and h e alth care clinics and ev en on cruise ships!
♦ E d u ca tio n Surfing th e In te rn e t for in fo rm a tio n and research updates
U sin g A m e ric a n an d E n g lish m ed ical, n u rsin g an d sc ien tific jo u rn a ls - w h ic h often take m o n th s to be tran slated E nglish d o c u m e n ta rie s a n d scien ce program m es o n satellite TV
♦ M an u als In stru ctio n m anuals for various m achines and in stru m en ts are frequently w ritte n in English
♦ P a tie n t C are P a tie n ts w ho c a n n o t c o m m u n ic a te th e ir n eed s to h o sp ita l staff are at a d i 'ti n c t d isadvantage and very o ften h av e a 'lo w e r recovery rate
T a iie n ts mav p re se n t case h is to rie s r m ed icatio n d etails in English
(19)Because p a tie n t care depends o n th e holistic approach - and th a t just m eans trea tin g each person as a w hole, n o t as ‘th e appendix in R oom !’ - we m ust look at each p a tie n t as an individual w ith specific needs W e h a v e to co n sid er th e ir d iffere n t so cial an d c u ltu l b ack g ro u n d s, d iffe re n t relig io n s and d iffere n t p e rso n alitie s W ith th e c o lle c tio n and d istrib u tio n of in fo rm atio n from th e various fields o f m edicine, nursing, physical and social sciences an d allied h e a lth care serv ices, th e serv ices available to th e p a tie n t are becom ing m ore so p h is tic a te d an d sp ecialised B e tte r e d u catio n , m ore scientific know ledge and faster c o m m u n ic a tio n are c o n tin u a lly im p ro v in g an d u pgrading h e a lth care A great deal o f progress has been m ade in surgical, e n d o sc o p ic , so n o g p h ic, d io g p h ic , laser an d c o m p u te r tech n iq u es, reducing b o th th e tim e and c o st o f surgery an d tre a tm e n t to th e g e n era l pu b lic T h e speed a t w h ic h in fo rm atio n c an now be tran sm itted enables all h e a lth care w orkers to h a v e e n d less resources at th e ir fingertips and gives everyone th e o p p o rtu n ity to stay abreast of (or keep up w ith ) new tren d s and treatm en ts
T h e purpose o f th is book is to give all those people w orking in h e a lth care systems enough useful English language to read professional literature, to research and to co m m u n icate successfully in English in th eir everyday lives Basic gram m ar exercises, reading practice an d dialogues use re le v an t vocabulary - and th ere are exercises to help you increase your know ledge o f m edical term inology too
EXPRESSION and WORD LIST 1A
To help you le a rn th e follow ing expressions, th ey are listed in a lp h a b etica l order in groups of
n o u n s ( n ) , a d jectives (a d j.) a n d verbs (v ) A ll o f th e w ords in th is list are n o u n s A n o u n
follow ed by ( n ) is a c o u n tab le n o u n a n d has a p lu l fo rm a n d those th a t are u n c o u n ta b le (n
u n c o u n ta b le ) n o t have a p lu l fo rm a n d use verbs in th e sin g u la r form only.
aid [eidl (n uncountable) Money, eq u ip m en t or services th a t are provided for people or countries who need it
an a id -w o rk e r leid w3:ke] (n ) A person, usually working for a charity organisation, who offers his/her services in other countries c a re Ikeo] (n uncountable) Looking after somebody
or som ething and keeping them in a good state or condition
h e alth care [hei9 kes] (n uncountable) A ll the areas related to m edicine and the atten tio n to individual well-being, p a tie n t IpeiJ'ant] care (n uncountable) A ll areas involved - m ental, physical and psychological - in looking after a patient, c a r e e r [k.Vris] In ) T h e job or profession th a t
someone does for a long period ot their life
(20)U
N
I
T
1
A rew ard in g IriWdig] c are er (adj. + n ) A career th a t is stim ulating and brings job satisfaction and/or benefits
clin ic [klinik] (n.) A building where people go to receive medical advice or treatm ent e m p a th y |empa9i] (n uncountable) T he ability to
share another person's feelings and emotions as if they were yours
e n v ir o n m e n t [e n 'v a ira n W n t] (n uncountable) The physical world in which people, animals and plants live
h e a lth [hel6] (n uncountable) T he condition of the hum an body and the extent to which it is free from illness or can resist illness le c tu re r [lek't/.Vrol (n.) A teacher at a university or
college
visiting lecturers (adj. + n ) Teachers who come from other universities or colleges on a temporary basis
o p p o rtu n ity [opo'tjuina'til (n.) A situation in which it is possible for you to something that you want to
w o rk -related o p p o rtu n ities (adj + n ) Different situations or areas where you can work in your chosen field
p e rs o n n e l lp3sa'nel] (n.pl.) T he people who work for an organisation (or the armed forces) p ro fessio n al [pra'fe/a'nll (n.) A person who has a
job th at requires advanced education or training
ra te Ireit] (n.) T he speed or the amount of time it takes for something to happen
re c o v e ry (ri'k.wril (n uncountable) If a sick person makes a recovery, he/she gets well (returns to good health)
re la tio n s h ip [ra'leijan'/ip] (n.) T he way in which people, groups or countries behave towards each other
skill (skill (n ) A type of work or activity w hich requires special training and knowledge
w W ith all th e stu d e n ts in th e class, read
this list o f n e ii• w ords out loud, p aving a tte n tio n
to y o u r p r o n u n c ia tio n N o w , w o rk u i t h a
p artn er: say a w ord a n d a sk your p a rtn e r for a
su ita b le d efin itio n
s ta f f [sta:f] (n p l.) T h e people w ho work tor an organisation
hospital staff/personnel (n pi.) T h e people who work for that hospital
s u rg e ry I'ssdjsri] (n ) M edical trea tm e n t th at involves cutting open th e hodv and otten removing or replacing parts,
sy lla b u s [sila'bas] (n ) T h e subjects studied in a particular course
nursing syllabus T h e subjects included in the nursing degree (university) course to o l [tu:l| (n.) A ny hand-held instrum ent or simple
piece of equipm ent you need to your job properly
the tools of your trade The skills or abilities, instrum ents or equipm ent you need to be able to your job properly
tra in in g [treinigl (n uncountable) Learning the skills for a particular profession or activity nursing training T he course you while learning the skills and theory to become a professional nurse