(BQ) Part 1 book Pharmacology for anaesthesia and intensive care presents the following contents: Basic principles (Drug passage across the cell membrane, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, drug action,...), core drugs in anaesthetic practice (general anaesthetic agents, aeneral anaesthetic agents, local anaesthetics,...)
G VR p pe rs ia ns s ir te d ni -U r9 ta hi vi tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir Pharmacology for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ir s ns ia rs pe vi p ta hi r9 -U ni te d VR G FOURTH EDITION tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.125.52.140 on Sun Aug 24 08:59:02 BST 2014 http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781107477605 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2014 G VR vi p pe rs ia ns s ir te d ni -U r9 ta hi tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.125.52.140 on Sun Aug 24 08:59:02 BST 2014 http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781107477605 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2014 Pharmacology for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care te d VR G FOURTH EDITION T E Peck ir S A Hill s -U ni Consultant Anaesthetist, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester; Honorary Consultant, University Hospital Southampton, UK ns ia rs pe vi p ta hi r9 Consultant Neuroanaesthetist, University Hospital Southampton, UK tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.125.52.140 on Sun Aug 24 08:59:02 BST 2014 http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781107477605 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2014 University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence G www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107657267 VR © T E Peck and S A Hill 2014 te d his publication is in copyright Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press ni First published 2000 Second edition 2003 hird edition 2008 Fourth edition 2014 Printed in the United Kingdom by Clays, St Ives plc ir -U A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library s ns ia rs ISBN 978-1-107-65726-7 Hardback pe ta hi r9 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Peck, T E., author Pharmacology for anaesthesia and intensive care / T E Peck, S A Hill – Fourth edition p ; cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-107-65726-7 (hbk.) I Hill, S A (Sue A.), author II Title [DNLM: Anesthetics–pharmacology Cardiovascular Agents–pharmacology Central Nervous System Agents–pharmacology Intensive Care Peripheral Nervous System Agents–pharmacology QV 81] RD82.2 615.7′81–dc23 2014011956 vi p Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate Every efort has been made in preparing this book to provide accurate and up-to-date information which is in accord with accepted standards and practice at the time of publication Although case histories are drawn from actual cases, every efort has been made to disguise the identities of the individuals involved Nevertheless, the authors, editors and publishers can make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are constantly changing through research and regulation he authors, editors and publishers therefore disclaim all liability for direct or consequential damages resulting from the use of material contained in this book Readers are strongly advised to pay careful attention to information provided by the manufacturer of any drugs or equipment that they plan to use tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.125.52.140 on Sun Aug 24 08:59:02 BST 2014 http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781107477605 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2014 CO NTE N TS VR G Preface Foreword by Zeev Goldik SECTION I Basic principles pe Sympathomimetics Adrenoceptor antagonists Anti-arrhythmics Vasodilators Antihypertensives p 13 14 15 16 17 ia ta hi SECTION III Cardiovascular drugs rs r9 General anaesthetic agents Analgesics Local anaesthetics Muscle relaxants and reversal agents ns SECTION II Core drugs in anaesthetic practice 10 11 12 ir s ni te d Drug passage across the cell membrane Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion Drug action Drug interaction Isomerism Pharmacokinetic modelling Applied pharmacokinetic models Medicinal chemistry -U 18 19 20 21 22 23 vi SECTION IV Other important drugs Central nervous system Antiemetics and related drugs Drugs acting on the gut Intravenous luids and minerals Diuretics Antimicrobials page vii viii 1 25 40 45 50 71 80 93 93 126 154 166 187 187 207 218 235 247 257 257 270 280 286 292 298 v tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.125.52.140 on Sun Aug 24 08:59:11 BST 2014 http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781107477605 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2014 vi Contents 24 Drugs afecting coagulation 25 Drugs used in diabetes 26 Corticosteroids and other hormone preparations 317 331 336 344 Index tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.125.52.140 on Sun Aug 24 08:59:11 BST 2014 http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781107477605 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2014 P R E FACE he style of this fourth edition has remained largely unchanged, as it has proved successful in giving easy access to the contents In order to keep the overall size similar to previous editions we have culled some of the drugs that had provided a historical perspective and reduced the space given to drugs used less commonly Drugs that had been discontinued or withdrawn, but more recently been reinstated, are now included in order to remain current A wide range of drugs that did not exist or were in the trial phase of their development are now included and further add to the breadth of this book Section has been developed further with a chapter for applied pharmacokinetic models as the use of total intravenous anaesthesia becomes more widespread We trust that this book will continue to provide current and useful information to the wide readership that it has attracted thus far in its evolution vii tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.125.52.140 on Sun Aug 24 08:59:20 BST 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107477605.001 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2014 FOR E WO R D he art of anaesthesia includes many diferent facets deeply rooted in medical behaviour: listening and talking to the patient, evaluating, diagnosing and taking the right decisions Drugs are central to patient care in many areas of medical practice and the anaesthetist as well as all healthcare practitioners need to have a clear understanding of therapeutics However, competence in anaesthetic management during the whole perioperative management of our patients implies good knowledge of pharmacology; it is the bread and butter of our profession he dynamic nature of drug development in this ield compels a continuous updating of the characteristics of drugs that form such an essential part of our armamentarium Pharmacology for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, edited by T.E Peck and S.A Hill, provides a novel-classic approach to pharmacology Drawing on the experience of the authors, who are involved in clinical practice, postgraduate training and assessments, not only in the United Kingdom but with a pan-European view, the changes and improvements introduced in this fourth edition make this textbook an appropriate guide not only for trainees at all stages of their training but also for consultants Designed as a refresher textbook, this work is suitable as a reference for daily use as well as in preparing for various medical assessments and examinations Its content is itted to anaesthesia training programmes in pharmacology in many countries It covers the pharmacology requirements of the new syllabus in anaesthesia and intensive care produced by the European Board of Anaesthesiology of the UEMS (Union of European Medical Specialties) as well that of the Royal College of Anaesthetists As for the previous editions, this textbook is part of the recommended bibliography for examination preparation for the European Diploma in Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (EDAIC) I know that readers will ind this book to be a valuable resource for both examination preparation and clinical use as a practical guide to pharmacology for anaesthesia and intensive care Zeev Goldik MD MPH Chairman, Examinations Committee – European Diploma in Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care President Elect, European Society of Anaesthesiology Head of Post Anaesthesia Care Unit and Consultant Anaesthetist, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel viii tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.125.52.140 on Sun Aug 24 08:59:48 BST 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107477605.002 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2014 SECTION I Basic principles Drug passage across the cell membrane Many drugs need to pass through one or more cell membranes to reach their site of action A common feature of all cell membranes is a phospholipid bilayer, about 10 nm thick, arranged with the hydrophilic heads on the outside and the lipophilic chains facing inwards his gives a sandwich efect, with two hydrophilic layers surrounding the central hydrophobic one Spanning this bilayer or attached to the outer or inner lealets are glycoproteins, which may act as ion channels, receptors, intermediate messengers (G-proteins) or enzymes he cell membrane has been described as a ‘luid mosaic’ as the positions of individual phosphoglycerides and glycoproteins are by no means ixed (Figure 1.1) An exception to this is a specialized membrane area such as the neuromuscular junction, where the array of postsynaptic receptors is found opposite a motor nerve ending he general cell membrane structure is modiied in certain tissues to allow more specialized functions Capillary endothelial cells have fenestrae, which are regions of the endothelial cell where the outer and inner membranes are fused together, with no intervening cytosol hese make the endothelium of the capillary relatively permeable; luid in particular can pass rapidly through the cell by this route In the case of the renal glomerular endothelium, gaps or clefts exist between cells to allow the passage of larger molecules as part of iltration Tight junctions exist between endothelial cells of brain blood vessels, forming the blood–brain barrier (BBB), intestinal mucosa and renal tubules hese limit the passage of polar molecules and also prevent the lateral movement of glycoproteins within the cell membrane, which may help to keep specialized glycoproteins at their site of action (e.g transport glycoproteins on the luminal surface of intestinal mucosa) (Figure 1.2) Methods of crossing the cell membrane Passive diffusion his is the commonest method for crossing the cell membrane Drug molecules move down a concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration, and the process requires no energy to proceed Many drugs are weak acids or weak bases and can exist in either the unionized or ionized form, depending on the pH he unionized form of a drug is lipid-soluble and difuses easily by dissolution in the lipid bilayer hus the rate at which transfer occurs depends on the pKa of the drug in question Factors inluencing the rate of difusion are discussed below tahir99 - UnitedVRG vip.persianss.ir Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.125.52.140 on Sun Aug 24 09:00:20 BST 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107477605.003 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2014 ... divided into isoforms Families are labelled CYP1, CYP2, and so on, the subfamilies CYP1A, CYP1B, and so on, and the isoforms CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and so on Table 2 .1 summarizes isoenzymes of particular... Anesthetics pharmacology Cardiovascular Agents pharmacology Central Nervous System Agents pharmacology Intensive Care Peripheral Nervous System Agents pharmacology QV 81] RD82.2 615 .7′ 81 dc23 2 014 011 956... by IP 12 8 .12 5.52 .14 0 on Sun Aug 24 08:59:02 BST 2 014 http://ebooks.cambridge.org /ebook. jsf?bid=CBO97 811 07477605 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2 014 Pharmacology for Anaesthesia