Ngữ pháp câu bị động là một phần ngữ pháp rất quan trọng trong các kì thi, đặc biệt với chương trình học tiếng anh khối THCS. GV sẽ phải mất khá nhiều thời gian soạn giảng cũng như trình bày cho học sinh, vậy với file tài liệu này GV sẽ không cần phải chỉnh sửa hay mất nhiều công sức mà vẫn có thể dạy cho học sinh hiểu sâu. Chỉ cần tải về và trình chiếu cho học sinh là đủ. Cấu trúc chi tiết dễ hiểu và bài tập câu bị động và thì quá khứ hoàn thành unit 9 anh 8 thí điểm. Chắc chắn giúp học sinh hiểu sâu và làm được bài tập về phần ngữ pháp này.
CHUYÊN ĐỀ: PASSIVE VOICE ( CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG) C- GRAMMAR I PASSIVE VOICE ( CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG) Khái niệm Câu bị động (Passive Voice) loại câu sử dụng muốn nhấn mạnh vào thân hành động, chủ thể hay tác nhân thực hành động bị tác động một yếu tố khác Công thức chung Câu chủ động: S +V + O + trạng từ vị trí, nơi chốn + trạng từ thời gian Câu bị động: S+ be + Ved/3+ trạng từ vị trí, nơi chốn + (by+O) + trạng từ thời gian (Chia theo thì) in my house/Vietnam… everyday… on the table… now, … to the zoo… for the party/… ‘Be” theo thì: + H.tại đơn: am/is/are + H.tại tiếp diễn: am/is/are +being +q.khứ đơn: was/ were + q.khứ tiếp diễn: was/ were + being + hoàn thành: have/has/had + been + tương lai đơn: will/shall + be + tương lai gần: am/is/are + going to be + động từ khuyết thiếu (can/ may/ must/ should/ used to…): ĐTKT + be Một số lưu ý - Với “S” chủ ngữ câu chủ động : I, you,we, they, she, he, it, people, everyone, everybody, everything, somebody,something, someone… chuyển sang câu bị động ta bỏ từ “by” Ví dụ: Câu chủ động: I + (S) Câu bị động: love + my parents (V) My parents + (S) (O) are loved + by I by me (be +Ved/3) (byO) - Cách chuyển đổi qua lại số tân ngữ (O) chủ ngữ (S) Tân ngữ (O) Me Her Him Them Us Chủ ngữ (S) I She He They We Ví dụ: Câu chủ động: I + (S) Câu bị động: She invite + her (V) + (S) (O) is invited + (by me) (be +Ved/3) (by O) THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN (THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE) Câu chủ động: Câu bị động: S S + Vo/s,es + am/is/are + + Ved/3 + O (by+O) – Ví dụ: Someone buys this house → This house is bought (by someone) John collects money Anna opens the window.-> We our homework everyday-> Mr Cole visits John at the weekend They find the books in the desk -> They call my name My mother makes a cake for the party My sister cooks meals every day My brother uses a pencil to draw beautiful pictures 10 People speak English all over the world THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN (THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE) Câu chủ động: Câu bị động: S S + am/is/are + am/is/are + being Ví dụ 1: I am writing a letter → A letter is being written (by me) She is cleaning a window.-> Nina is taking a photo Sam is learning English at the moment -> I am building my house in this city -> They are writing a report now We are reading novels right now + V-ing + + Ved/3+ (by+O O ) Someone is sweeping the floor I am doing my exercise now Somebody is singing my favorite songs now 10 I am fixing my car III THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH (THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE) Câu chủ động: S + have/has + V3/Ved Câu bị động: + O S + have/has + been + V3/Ved + (by O) ví dụ Nina has bought these pencil cases Tom has seen this film before Nina has read the newspaper already They have seen these movies yet I have signed the contract.-> These men have bought the tickets -> I have bought this teddy bear in that shop Vicky has found her hat -> I have lost my bag We have finished the report 10 I have done my exercise for three days THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN (THE PAST SIMPLE ) Câu chủ động: S + Ved/2 + O Câu bị động: S + was/ were + Ved/3 + (by+O) Last year Mrs Nina taught me both English and Science She broke my laptop I sent my children to summer camp She caught the thief The secretary finished the report last night Sam sent a gift to his father Tom wrote his report on his way to work I bought this house last year He lost his newspapers yesterday 10 I brought my girlfriend to the party yesterday THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN (THE PAST PROGRESSIVE ) Câu chủ động: Câu bị động: S S + was/ were + V-ing + was/ were + being + + Ved/3+ (by+O O ) I was reading books at o’clock yesterday morning They were breaking television at o’clock last night Nina was singing a song when you came While Ms Nina was cleaning the house, she hurt her back They were decorating their house when you phoned I was eating a sandwich I was writing an important report She was not cleaning her room at o’clock yesterday evening Mr Sam was reading newspaper 10 We were washing the dishes when you called VI THÌ Q KHỨ HỒN THÀNH (THE PAST PERFECT ) Câu chủ động: S + had + V3/ed Câu bị động: + O S + had + been + V3/Ved + (by O) I had bought this pen before I went to bed last night Nina had washed the dishes I had written a report 4 Sam had done his exercise by noon They had not finished the report before they had a test We had seen this movie before Nina called After I had cleaned the house, I went to school After Mark had washed his clothes, he studied Vicky had ironed the clothes by noon 10 I hadn’t brushed my teeth before I went to bed last night VII THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN (THE FUTURE SIMPLE ) VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU (MODAL VERB) Câu chủ động: S + ĐTKT + Vo Câu bị động: + O S + ĐTKT + be + V3/Ved + (by O) I can buy this house Sam ought to clean his room We will shut the door Nina shall call you as soon as she arrives Sam can bring it back this morning They will pass their exam Henry ought to leave a message on the table for me Vicky can pay her bill next week You should clean the windows 10 You will phone me later VIII THÌ TƯƠNG LAI GẦN (THE NEAR FUTURE ) – be goingto Câu chủ động: S + am/is/are+going to + Vo Câu bị động: + O S + am/is/are+going to + be + V3/Ved + (by O) \ She is going to buy a new house next month Our grandparents are going to visit our house tomorrow They are going to sell their old house because they has just bought a new one Jonh is going to mary her this year They are going to cancel the meeting II THÌ Q KHỨ HỒN THÀNH (THE PAST PERFECT ) Định nghĩa khứ hồn thành Thì q khứ hồn thành dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy trước hành động khác hai hành động xảy khứ Hành động xảy trước dùng q khứ hồn thành Hành động xảy sau dùng khứ đơn Cơng thức q khứ hồn thành Câu khẳng định S + had + V3/ed Ví dụ: – He had gone out when I came into the house (Anh ngồi tơi vào nhà.) – They had finished their work right before the deadline last week (Họ hồn thành cơng việc họ trước hạn chót vào tuần trước.) Câu phủ định S + hadn’t + V3/ed Had + S +V3/ed? CHÚ Ý: Trả lời: Yes, S + had – hadn’t = had not No, S + hadn’t Ví dụ: Ví dụ: – She hadn’t come home when I got there (Cô chưa nhà về.) – They hadn’t finished their lunch when I saw them (Họ chưa ăn xong bữa trưa trông thấy họ) Dấu hiệu nhận biết q khứ hồn thành Trong câu có từ: Câu nghi vấn – Had the film ended when you arrived at the cinema? (Bộ phim kết thúc bạn tới rạp chiếu phim phải không?) Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t – when: Khi Ví dụ: When they arrived at the airport, her flight had taken off (Khi họ tới sân bay, chuyến bay cô cất cánh.) – before: trước (Trước “before” sử dụng q khứ hồn thành sau “before” sử dụng q khứ đơn.) Ví dụ: She had done her homework before her mother asked her to so (Cô làm tập nhà trước mẹ cô yêu cầu cô làm vậy.) – After: sau (Trước “after” sử dụng khứ đơn sau “after” sử dụng khứ hồn thành.) Ví dụ: They went home after they had eaten a big roasted chicken (Họ nhà sau ăn gà quay lớn.) – by the time (vào thời điểm) (Mệnh đề by the time khứ đơn, lại chia khứ hồn thành) Ví dụ: He had cleaned the house by the time her mother came back (Cậu lau xong nhà vào thời điểm mẹ cậu trở về.) Bài tập Bài 1: Cho dạng động từ ngoặc They (come) …………… back home after they (finish) ………………… their work She said that she ( meet) …………………… Mr Bean before Before he (go) ………………………… to bed, he (read) ………………………… a novel He told me he (not/wear) ………………………… such kind of clothes before 5 When I came to the stadium, the match (start) ………………………………… Before she (listen) ………………… to music, she (do)…………………… homework Last night, Peter (go) ………………… to the supermarket before he (go) ………………… home Bài 2: Viết lại câu cho nghĩa không đổi sử dụng từ gợi ý cho sẵn David had gone home before we arrived – After …………………………………………………………………………………… We had lunch then we took a look around the shops – Before …………………………………………………………………………………… The light had gone out before we got out of the office – When…………………………………………………………………………………… After she had explained everything clearly, we started our work – By the time …………………………………………………………………………… My father had watered all the plants in the garden by the time my mother came home – Before ………………………………………………………………………………… ĐÁP ÁN Bài 1: 1.came – had finished had met went – had read 4.hadn’t worn 5.had started 6.listened – had done 7.had gone – went Bài 2: 1.After David had gone home, we arrived (Sau David nhà, tới.) 2.Before we took a look around the shops, we had had lunch (Trước xem xung quanh cửa hàng, ăn trưa rồi.) 3.When we got out of the office, the light had gone out.(Lúc rời khỏi văn phịng đèn bị tắt trước rồi.) 4.By the time we started our work, she had explained everything clearly (Vào thời điểm bắt đầu công việc, giải thích thứ rõ ràng rồi.) 5.Before my mother came home, my father had watered all the plants in the garden (Trước mẹ nhà, bố tưới tất vườn rồi.) V-nguyên thể be Buy Come Become Have Make Eat Drink Sleep Take Hear Speak Say Tell Read Write Win Lose Sing Draw Build Sweep Do Go Break V2 Was/were bought came became had made ate Drank slept took heard spoke said told read wrote won lost sang drew built swept did Went broke V3 Been Bought Come Become Had Made Eaten Drunk slept Taken Heard Spoken said Told read Written Won Lost Sung Drawn Built Swept Done gone Broken Run Swim Spend Put Cut Give Keep Think Understand See Know Grow Throw Send Teach get steal wear lay pay sit meet mean lend learn hold find feel Ran swam spent put cut gave kept thought understood saw knew grew threw sent taught got stole wore laid paid sat met meant lent Learned/learnt held found felt Run Swum Spent Put Cut Given Kept thought Understood Seen Known Grown Thrown Sent Taught Got/gotten Stolen worn Laid Paid Sat Met Meant Lent Learned/learnt Held Found Felt leave fall choose fly ride drive feed left fell chose flew rode drove fed Left Fallen Chosen Flown Riden Driven fed