Thiết kế bộ chuyển đổi tương tự số 8 bít sử dụng công nghệ bán dẫn cmos

86 -, '59 '+-%,2 2+ -, ''2+2+, 2+9= 21 2,  8,- 8/ & ',9= 2 -8 2+8 7 &‰87 ( 2+'2+2+, &2( 2'137 09 2: 28, '7 ,Ž2 M 86 -, '59 '+-%,2 2+ -, ''2+2+, 2+9= 21 2,  8,- 8/ & ',9= 2 -8 2+8 7 &‰87 ( 2+'2+2+, &2( 2'137 2KŽRL'–RKRKL M RX :M R8L–RK 'LY]“RRKŽRL/ XLY X M RX 1W  09 2: 28, '7 2+ -, 2+( 2/,3%, ' 87'L G8V•RL ,Ž2 M -'%1 3%2 8˜M\MRGEQ SERXSRF RL RKR MHYRKXLM XO ZW PM YX–RLXSR Q˜TL RKXVSRKPY RZ RXL GW c8LM XO F GLY] R MX RKX W F–XW H RKG˜RKRKL FRH R'137dPHSX˜MX RKLM”RG YZXL GLM R , GZM‘RXL GLM RPY RZ R 2KY] R1 RL ”  GP G GP G  (ERLWGLGGL—RLZ  (ERLWGLGGF RK  -' 1 2   G ˜GLG EPY RZ R / XUY QSRKQY RXVSRKPY RZ R  ' YXV GG EPY RZ RFESK QGGGL RK  'L RK8 2+59%2: ',9= 2 -8 2+8 7  +M MXLM Y  'GXLœRKW G F RXVSRKFM R MX RKX W ?A   TL‘RKM M 6IWSPYXMSR   GL˜RL\G %GGYVEG]   8 G P ]Q Y 7EQTPMRKVEXI   2LM YKM  %PMEWMRK    P GLOLœRK 3JJWIX  7EMW OLY] GL M +EMRIVVSV  8 W X˜RLM YXV•RRLM Y LE]RšMGGLOLG PŽXVSRKOLS RKXL MKMERGLY] R MQ XQ Y 2 YRL X—RLM Y YZŽSXLE] MV X GL QWSZ MX G P ]Q YXL–XEGšXL KM XLM XV RKKMXV G EX—RLM Y YZŽSKM E LEMP RP ]Q YPM”RXM TW F RKQ XXVSRKLEMKMXV G EX—RLM Y YZŽSXVSRKLEMP R P ]Q YPM”RXM T š8Y]RLM”RR YW FM R MG EX—RLM Y YZŽSUYRLERLWSZ M X G P ]Q YXL–KM XLM X šOL›RKG™R ŸRKR E YGGKMXV W GX SVEX F GLY] R M%('ZŽ Q XXV RKXLMXM TXLIS RŽS šG EL XL RKP M GGLY] R MP MXLŽRLKMXV X RKX F RKF GLY] R M W cX RKX  (%' XL–X—RLM Y YVEG EF GLY] R M(%'GŽRKKM RKX—RLM Y X RKX K GGŽRKX X2 YRL X—RLM YX RKX YZŽSF %('FM R MUY RLERLWSZ MX G P ]Q YXL– M YRŽ]W OLš X GZŽTLXWMRLRL RKX—RLM Y KM K MPŽRLM YKM X M YVEG EF GLY] R M(%'8VSRKL YL XGGXV RKL T RK MXETL MW H RKXL”QQ XF P GZŽQ XF PS MF RLM YKM RŽ]  P GLOL˜RK 3JJWIX   ,—RL'G GX˜RLX RLG EF %('?A 8VSRKXL GX OLM M RTX RKX YZŽSF RKXL–Q‘ YVE(OL›RKF RK QŽXLISP¡XLY] XXL–Q‘ YVETL MF RK ]GL—RLPŽQ XXVSRKRL RKWEMW KM E YZŽSZŽ YVEZŽ GK MPŽ P GLOL›RK 3JJWIX  7EMW OLY] GL M +EMRIVVSV  7EMW OLY] GL MPŽW P GLL RKXY] RX—RLG EQ‘ YVE8L RKXL–HS RL L RKG EX RW P ]Q YZŽQ XZŽMXLEQW RKG EGGF %('8V”RL–RLXL LM RWEMW OLY] GL MPŽW WEMP GLZ G E RKXL RK%&P¡X RK 8 W X•RLM YXV“RRLM Y 726  726 G\G RLF RKX W G›RKWY XX—RLM YXV”RRLM Y YZŽSX RKX G E F %('8L›RKXL RKX W 726 GX–RLGLSGGX—RLM Y YZŽSX RKX Gš H RKL–RL7MR ( M RK (6  0ŽX W G›RKWY XRKY RX RKG EX—RLM Y YZŽSH RKL–RLWMRXV”RG›RKWY X RKY RG EX—RLM Y YZŽSL–RLWMRX M726!  'L RKc1 87 ' 986Ž'' & 2' %& &- 2 2+8 7  -  RKH RKG E%('XV“RXL KM M 8V–RXL KM MLM RRE]G‘GF GLY] R MX RKX eW  %('  GW H RKV RK H“MXVSRKG‘GP RLZ GRL 8VY] RXLRK XM RKRœM’QXLERLL˜RL RL 8VSRK P RLZ G SP RKZG‘GXLM XF SP RK ’]PRL RKQ RK RKH RKP RXVSRK RKLRL M RX ZZM RXLRK'œV XRLM YG YXV¡GFM R MX RKX eW GW H RKXV–RXL KM MLM RRE]8 ]ZSRL RK]–YG YZ RKH RKG XL P EGL R G‘GG YXV¡G%('TL L TRL X G  TL’RKM M GL™RL\‘G ( M ’]PQ XW G YXV¡G%('XLRKH RKXV–RXL KM MLM RRE] 1 XW G YXV™G%('G F R *PEWL%(' *PEWL%('?APF GLY] R MX RKX WERKW Q XG‘GLXV GXM TLE]FM R M WSRKWSRKGœX G GLY] R MRLERLRL XWSZ MX XG G‘GG YXV¡GOL‘G0S M%(' R]XL RKH RKGLSZMHISXLRKXMRZ XMRL\ P£X™RLM YVEHEVP ]Q YF X SHES RKZG‘G RKH RKGESX ROL‘G ' YXV¡GG E*PEWL%('c2dFMXK QGœ   F WSW‘RL'‘GF WSW‘RLR] Y PG‘GF WSW‘RLX G GES'œ  M RXV GLME X SVEG‘GQ G M R‘TGLY R M R‘TGLY RGLSQ MF WSW‘RLP RL R07&WSZ M M R‘TGLY RG EF WSW‘RL RKE]H MRœ1 MF WSW‘RLGœ YVEF RKcdR YRL M R‘TZSP RL R M R‘T GLY R XZSF WSW‘RL œ:RK GP MW WMRLVEFMXcd:™H R Y M R‘T Y ZSR QKM E : <  Z : <  XL˜G‘GF WSW‘RLX <  GLSX M <  YGœ YVEF RK cdG›RG‘GF WSW‘RLG›RP MGœ YVEF RKcd8 M M QQQ“GLY] RX Q XZ OLRKP M QQX™RLM YZSXV R–RRL L RQ G M R‘TGLY RG EF WSW‘RL X RK RK/LM M R‘T YZSG EF *PEWL%('GESFESRLM–YXL˜H“]W PSKMG YVEG RKX RKXL–QQ GPSKMGcdX RK RK(“]W YVEPYRGœH RK cd '‘GF WSW‘RL GXLM XO Z ML W OLY GL MXL TF MZ˜OLRKXL RSG RK X GF RKXLRKV RKZL W OLY GL MGES: M R‘TSJJWIXXL TX XRLM–RP HS]–YG Y M R‘TSJJWIX YZSG EQ MF WSW‘RLTL MRL L R07&G EF GLY] R M%('2 YOLRKW PQWEMP GLKM‘XV W YVEG EF WSW‘RLX GP  O XUY W YVEW F WEMP GL ,•RL7 OL MG EG YXV›G*PEWL%('?A *PEWL%('0F GLY] R M%(P£X RKGLSG‘G RKH RK]–YG Y V RKF RK XLRKV XP RXY]RLM–RGL¡RKXM–YXL RLM YGRKWY XL RG‘GG YXV¡G%('OL‘G ]–YG YHM RX™GLP RZX G F KM ML RF MG‘GOLœE M RX X G G EG‘GF WS W‘RLZG‘GQ GLPK™GW 0 ]Z™H F™X%('XEG RGœF WSW‘RLRL RKR Y F™XXETL MG R RF WSW‘RLHS œQG YXV¡G%('R]F KM ML RF M TL’R H M GL–RL\ŽGG EG YXV›G*PEWL  GL™RL\‘GTL XLY GZSZM GQEXGLMRK?AG EGLY M M RXV Z M R‘T3JJWIX :SW ?AG EG‘GF WSW‘RL'‘GXLEQW X RL GX™RLRL WEY M R‘T YZSP£X RKG EF WSW‘RLXL MP:MZXL GX W P:W[MXEGœ  (S œ : W[M : M : SW  -20 : W[M : W[MHIEP : 6)*  : 6)* (20  -20 QE\ 6/ QE\ : SWM QE\  6M : SWM : SWM  :–H  XF GLY] R MX RKX eW F™XW H RKG YXV¡G*PEWLZ M:VIJ!: GXL LM RXV–RG‘GL˜RLH M ’]  ,•RL7 OL MG E*PEWL%('F–X?A ,•RL'ŽGQ YVEG EF *PEWL%('F–X?A 8[S7XIT*PEWL%('  ’]PQ XOM YOL‘GG EF FM R MX RKX W H RKG YXV¡G*PEWL?A .. .86 -, '59 '+-%,2 2+ -, ''2+2+, 2+9= 21 2,  8, - 8 / & ',9= 2 - 8 2+ 8 7 &? ?8 7 ( 2+'2+2+, &2( 2'137 2KŽRL'–RKRKL M RX :M R8L–RK 'LY]“RRKŽRL/...  09 2: 2 8, '7 2+ -, 2+( 2/,3%, '  87 'L G8V•RL ,Ž2 M -'%1 3%2 8? ?MMRGEQ SERXSRF...  'L RKc1 8 7 ' 9 86 Ž'' & 2' %& &- 2 - 8 2+ 8 7    RKH RKG E%('XV•RXL KM M