- Cac trạng từ nay được sử dụng để diễn tả mức độ thường xuyen của một hanh động nao đó.. We often went camping when we were children.[r]
(1)ĐÈ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP TIẾNG ANH 10 A/ Accent mark: Dấu nhấn/ Trọng âm
1 Đối với từ gồm có vần, trọng âm thường rơi vào vần đầu Ex: rísky, flóra, áudience, cháracter,
2 Đối với từ gồm có vần (hoặc nhiều hơn), trọng âm thường rơi vào vần thứ kể từ cuối Ex: minórity, metropólitan, commúnicate, varíety,
3 Đối với từ tận có vần như: -ion, -ic, -ian, trọng âm thường rơi vào vần phía trước.
Ex: emótion, competítion, scientífic, photográphic, olýmpic, electrícian, Confúcian,
4 Đối với từ tận có vần như: -oo, -oon, -ee, -een, -eer, -ese, -ette, trọng âm thường rơi vào vần
Ex: bambóo, shampóo, cartóon, afternóon, referée, employée, cantéen, thirtéen, enginéer, Vietnamése, Chinése, cigarétte,
5 Đối với từ có tiền tố (tiếp đầu ngữ) như: in-, im-, ir-, re-, pre-, dis-, de-, be-, ex-, en-, trọng âm thường rơi vào vần phía sau
Ex: insíde, impóssible, irrégular, repéat, prevíew, discúss, deféat, begín, excíted, enjóy, represént, indepéndent,
B/ Sound: Phát âm
1 Chú ý phụ âm học SGK từ Unit 9- 16
2 Động từ tận -ED có cách phát âm là: /id/, /t/, /d/
a Đối với động từ tận là: -t, -d, thêm -ED phát âm /id/ Ex: wanted, collected, decided, needed,
b Đối với động từ tận là: -c, -f, -k, -p, -s, -x, -sh, -ch, thêm -ED phát âm /t/ Ex: practiced, stuffed, looked, stopped, missed, fixed, washed, watched,
c Đối với động từ tận phụ âm lại nguyên âm, thêm -ED phát âm /d/
Ex: enjoyed, stayed, managed, cleaned, arrived, called, Động từ/ danh từ tận -S có cách phát âm là: /s, /z/
a Đối với động từ/ danh từ tận là: -p, -f, -th, -k, -t thêm -S phát âm /s/ Ex: stops, books, cuts, months, roofs,
b Đối với động từ/ danh từ tận các phụ âm lại nguyên âm, thêm -S sẽ phát âm /z/
Ex: enjoys, stays, dogs, pens, tables, lives, 1 Simple present ( đơn )
S + V (s/es)
Ex: I speak English / He speaks English
Ex: Do you speak English ? / Does he speak English? Ex: I don’t speak English / He does not speak English
Use : - HTĐ sử dụng để cac thoi quen, sở thich , cac kiện diễn hang ,cac kiện kế hoạch cac việc thường xuyen xảy
Ex: I play tennis every day
Ex: The train leaves every morning at am
(2)Ex: Cats like milk
EX: New York is a big city
- HTĐ sử dụng để diễn tả hanh động xảy tương lai xac định trước
Ex: The train leaves tonight at p.m EX : When does class begin tomorrow?
2. Simple past ( Quá khứ đơn)
S + V+ ed/ irregular verbs You called Debbie
Did you call Debbie You didn’t call Debbie
Use : - QKĐ diễn tả hanh động xảy thời điểm cụ thể qua khứ I saw a movie yesterday
Last year , I didn’t travel to Korea
- QKĐ dung để diễn tả chuỗi cac hanh động xảy qua khứ I finished work , walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim
He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00 _ QKĐ dung để qua trinh kết thuc khứ
I lived in Brazil i 1990
Mary studied English five year ago
3 Adverbs of frequency ( trạng từ tuần suất)
- Cac trạng từ sử dụng để diễn tả mức độ thường xuyen hanh động nao
We often went camping when we were children
- Cac trạng từ bao gồm : Always, usually, frequently, often, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, seldom,hardly, ever, never
- Khi sử dụng với động từ thường , cac trạng từ thường đứng chủ ngữ động từ chinh
David occasionally visits us on Sundays
- Khi sử dụng với động từ to be, cac trạng từ thường đứng sau động từ She is often ill in winter
4 Wh- questions ( Câu hỏi với từ để hỏi bắt đầu Wh)
- Câu hỏi với từ để hỏi bắt đầu –Wh cho phep người hỏi tim cac thông tin cac chủ đề sau
When ? ( nao ?) Time ( thời gian) Where ? (ở đâu ?) place (nơi chốn)
Who ? (ai ? ) person ( người)
Why ? ( ?) reason ( lý do) How ? ( nao ?) manner (cach thức)
What ? ( cai ? ) object, idea,action (vật thể, ý kiến, hanh động)
- Một số từ để hỏi khac giup người hỏi tim kiếm thông tin cụ thể Which one ? ( cai nao ) Choice of alternatives( lựa chọn)
Whose ? ( ? ) Possession ( sở hữu)
(3)số lượng( danh từ không đếm được) How many ? (bao nhieu?) Quantity (count) số lượng (danh từ đếm được) How long ? ( bao lâu?) Duration( qua trinh)
How often ? ( lần) Frequency( mức độ thường xuyen) How far ? ( bao xa ?) Distance ( khoảng cach)
What kind of? ( loại nao?) Description (miêu tả) Wh- question: Make Wh-question for the following sentences: 11 My aunt and uncle live in Chicago.>> Where
12 We often have dinner at 7:00 pm >> What time 13 I am reading an English book at the moment >> What 14 It takes me 30 minutes to go to school >> How long 15 She speaks English very fluently >> How
16 I have written over twenty novels >> How many 17 This street is twenty kilometers long >> How long 18 I spent 10 dollars on this shirt >> How much
19 I have been learning English for years >> How long 20 She will be married to a rich man >> Who
21 Tom goes to the library twice a week >> How often 22 I went to school late because I missed the bus >> Why 23 She is a doctor >> What
24 They were watching a game show >> What 25 He like studying Math >> What subject
26 The weather is very nice in this country >> What 27 She was born in Dam Doi In 1985 >> Where and when 28 She wanted to become an English teacher
29 They are cutting trees in the forest for wood >> For what 30 There are forty-five students in my class >> How many 31 They their homework at night >> When
32 Mr Robertson came to the party alone >>Who 33 The car is across the street from the house Where 34 She felt better after she took a nap >>How 35 My sister called her boyfriend yesterday >>When 36 That is an English book >> What
37 She talked to him for an hour.>> How long 38 She was eating a sandwich >>What
39 Their favorite kind of music is Latin Jazz >>What 40 He is going to work right now >>Where
5 Động từ với -ing vµđộng từ nguyen thể ( Gerunds and Infinitives)
a Động từ cung với –ing gọi lµ dang động từ Cac danh động từ sử dụng lµm chủ ng , b ng tân ng ca câu
Reading helps you learn English ( chủ ngữ) Her favorite hobby is reading ( bổ ngữ) John enjoys riding bike (tân ngữ)
- Phủ định danh động từ c¸ch them not vao phia trước The best thing for your health is not smoking
(4)- admit (v) : Chấp nhận - anticipate ( v) : biết
trước, đoán trước
- avoid ( v) tr¸nh khỏi
- keep = cotinnue (v) tiếp tục
- loathe ( v) ghê tởm ,
ghét
- mean= involve (v) nghĩa ,có ý muốn
- mind (v)
ý, lưu ý, để ý
- consider (v) cân
nhắc
- defer (v) trì
hỗn, làm theo
- delay (v) ho·n
lại
- detest (v) ghét cay
đắng ,ghê tởm
- dislike (v)
kh«ng thÝch, ghÐt
- finish (v) kết
thóc
- fancy= imagine(v)tưởng tượng
- escape (v) trốn
thoát
- excuse (v) tha
thứ , bỏ qua
- forgive (v) tha
thứ
- imagine (v)
tưởng tượng
- involve (v) bao
gồm
- miss (v) bỏ
lỡ, nhỡ tàu xe…
- pardon (v) xin lỗi
- postpone(v) trì
hỗn
- practice (v) thực
hành
- prevent (v) ngăn
cản
- propose (v) đề
nghị , đưa
- recollect (v) nhớ
lại ,nhớ
- risk (v) liều
lĩnh
- resist (v) kháng cự
- resume (v) hồi
phục lại, lấy lại
- stop(= cease) dừng
lại
- justify (v) bào chữa ,thanh minh
- can’t bear
- can’t stand
- can’t help
- can’t resist
- it’s no use vơ ích
- it’s no good vơ
ích
- there’s no
- be worth
b Động từ nguyen thể dạng động từ có to Động từ nguyen thể sử dụng chủ ngữ , bổ ngữ tân ngữ câu
To learn is important ( chủ ngữ)
The most important thing is to learn ( bổ ngữ) He wants to learn , ( tân ngữ)
- Phủ định động từ nguen thể cach them not vao phia trước The most important thing is not to give up
* Verbs followed by the infinitive
- Agree (v) đồng ý
- Aim (v) nhằm mục đích, mục tiêu
- Appear (v) xuất
hiện
- Arrange (v) thu
(5)- Ask (v) hỏi, yêu cầu
- Attempt (v) cố
gắng, nỗ lực
- Bother (v) làm phiền
- Choose (v) lựa
chọn
- Claim (v) thỉnh cầu, đòi - Condescend(v) hạ cố, chiếu
cố
- Consent (v) lòng, ưng thuận
- Decide (v)
quyết định
- Decline (v) suy
giảm, từ chối
- Demand (v) yêu
cầu, đòi hỏi
- Vow (v) tuyên thề
- Hope (v) hy vọng
- Pretend (v) giả vờ
- Proceed (v) tiến lên, đến
- Promise (v) hứa
- Prove (v)
chứng minh
- Threaten (v) đe
doạ
- Trouble (v) gây
rắc rối
- Swear (v) thề
- Refuse (v) từ chối
- Seem (v) dường
- Plan (v) lập kế hoạch
- Prepare (v) chuẩn bị
- Manage (v) quản
lý, cố gắng
- Determine (v)
quyết tâm
- Neglect (v) lãng,
không ý
- Offer (v) tặng biếu, đưa đề nghị
- Hesitate (v) miễn
cưỡng
- Guarantee( v) cam
đoan, bảo lãnh
- Fail (v) thất
bại
- Endeavor (v) cố
gắng ,ráng
- Happen (v) xảy
ra
Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive): 16 I am looking forward to (see) you
17 He is tired of (walk) to school 18 I arranged (meet) them here 19 He urged us (work) faster 20 I wish (see) the manager It's no use (wait)
7 He warned her (not touch) the wire
8 Don't forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed My mother told me (not speak) to anyone about it 10 I can't understand her (behave) like that
11 He tried (explain) but she refused (listen)
12 At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) between the courses 13 You are expected (know) the safety regulations of the college 14 He decided (disguise) himself by (dress) as a woman
15 lam prepared (wait) here all night if necessary 16 Would you mind (show) me how (work) the lift?
17 After (walk) for three hours we stopped to let the others (catch with us 18 I am beginning (understand) what you mean
19 He was fined for (exceed) the speed limit
(6)6 Past perfect ( Quá khứ hoan (QKHT) Form :
S + had + P2 (past participle)
He had studied English before he moved to New York Had he studied English before he moved to New York He had not studied English before he moved to New York
Use : - QKHT sử dụng để hanh động xảy trước hanh động khac khứ. Ex : He had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Nha Trang
I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet
Tony knew English so well because he had visited the city several times Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
- QKHT sử dụng để diễn tả trinh diễn trước hanh động nao qua khứ
We had had that car for ten years before it broke down
By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years 7 Used to ( quen với)
* Form :
Used to + V
Ex : I used to go to the beach every day
Use : - Cấu truc used to + V sử dụng để noi cac thoi quen qua khứ I used to start work at o’clock
Sam and Mary used to go to Mexico in the summer Jerry used to learn English
- Cấu trúc sử dụng để tượng , hành động khứ chân lí mang tính khái quát
George used to be the best student in class, but now Lena is
Oranges used to cost very little in Florida , but now they are quite expensive - Used to dùng câu hỏi câu phủ định
You used to play the piano
Did you use to play the piano when you were young? You didn’t use to play the piano when you w ere young
- Chủ động bị động cấu trúc used to Ex: Jerry used to pay the bills (Chủ động)
Ex : The bills used to be paid by Jerry ( Bị động)
Note: Cần phân biệt cấu trúc “used to st”và “ To be/ to get used to doing st” Nếu cấu trúc “ used to st” đợc dùng để nói thói quen khứ mà khơng cịn tồn cấu trúc “ to be /to get used to doing st” mang ý nghĩa “ quen với việc gì”
Ex: I am used to getting up early
(7)8 The + Adjective - The blind - The deaf - The disabled - The poor - The rich
- The unemployed
Ex: The government is trying to help the disabled to have a better life 9 The present perfect
Form
S + have/ has + P2 ( past participle) I have played football
I have not played football Have you played football ? Use : -
I have seen that movie twenty times Have you read the book yet ?
I have been abroad twice Anna has never broken a leg Have you ever eaten sushi ?
I have been a teacher for more than ten years We haven’t seen Mary since Friday
- Since Just ,already, yet
You have grown since the last time I saw you
The gover nment has become more interested in arts education I have lost my wallet = I don’t have it now
Jimmy has gone to South America = He isn’t here now
- Dùng HTHT để ám hành động hay tình cịn tiếp tục tơng lai He has lived here for a long time
He has worked as a doctor for a long time. Have / has + been + past participle
English has been used around the world for a long time Has your homework been done ?
The film hasn’t been shown yet
10 Relative Pronouns ( Đại tõ quan hÖ ) Who, which, that…
- Đại từ quan hệ thực chức lúc: + đóng vai trị nh chủ ngữ tân ngữ động từ + kết hợp hai mệnh đề
- Who dïng thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ ngời làm chủ ngữ câu - Whom dùng thay cho danh từ ngời làm tân ngữ c©u - Which dïng thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ vật làm chủ ngữ or làm tân ngữ - That thêng dïng thay thÕ Whom, who vµ which
- When where dùng sau danh từ thời gian địa điểm , tơng đ-ơng với at which or in which
(8)1 HiÖn tiếp diễn diễn tả tơng lai
- Thời HTTD đợc sử dụng để diễn tả dự định kế hoạch đợc ấn định tơng lai Dấu hiệu nhận biết cụm từ thời gian câu dựa vào ngữ cảnh
My wife has an appointment with a doctor She is seeing Mr.North next Tuesday Sam has already made his plans He is leaving at noon tomorrow
2 CÊu tróc “ Be going to”
- Be going to đợc dùng để nói kế hoạch đợc dự kiến trớc hoạt động , việc xảy tơng lai gần
Dark clouds are gathering in the sky It is going to rain A: Why did you buy this paint ?
B: I am going to paint my bedroom tomorrow 3 Because of ( Bëi v× )
- Dùng because of để diễn tả nguyên nhân Because of đợc dùng trớc danh từ or danh động từ
Ex: I turned the heating on because of the cold weather Ex: He came late because of being stuck in the heavy traffic Note : - Phân biệt cách sử dụng Because / Because of + Because + a clause ( mệnh đề)
+ Because of + noun or noun phrase ( danh tõ hc cơm danh tõ) Ex : Because of the rain I had to stay home
Ex: Because it rained I had to stay home 4 In Spite of ( mỈc dï)
- In spite of đồng nghĩa với although, despite, even though but Những từ nối diễn tả tơng phản
- In spite of đứng trớc danh từ danh động từ Ex: Kitty wanted to report on the war in spite of the danger Ex: Mark went on working in spite of feeling unwell Note: Phân biệt in spite of although , even though
+ In spite of + Noun or noun phrase ( danh từ or danh động từ) + Although, even though + A clause ( mệnh đề)
Ex: In spite of raining, I still went to school Ex: Although it rained, I still went to school
: Because; because of; although/ though/ even though; in spite of/ despite 1) We took many pictures although the sky was cloudy >>In spite of 2) We understand him in spite of his strong accent >> Although 3) Although he is wealthy, he is not spoiled.>> Despite
4) Despite a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.>> Though
(9)7) In spite of their poverty, they are very generous >> Although
8) Though she has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test.>> Despite 9) In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile.>> Although 10) My friend ate the chocolate cake even though she was on a diet >>Despite
11) In spite of a headache, he enjoyed the film.>> Although
12) My sister will take a plane even though she dislikes flying.>>In spite of 13) He isn’t happy although he is very rich >>Despite
14) Even though he got a good job, he was not satisfied.>> Despite 15) Although he often tells lies, many people believe him.>> Despite 16) Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.>> Because of 17) She went to bed early because she felt tired >>Because of
18) Margaret stayed at home because her mother was sick.>> Because of 19) I couldn’t the test because it was difficult.>> Because of
20) I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.>> Because of 21) I can’t study because it is noisy.>> Because of
22) The train come late because it was foggy.>> Because of 23) The train was late because the fog was thick.>> Because of 24) I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.>> Because of
25) All the teacher love him because his conduct is good.>> Because of 26) Because there was a traffic accident, I went to school late.>> Because of 27) Because there is a shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.>> Because of 28) Because there was a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.>> Because of 29) She walked slowly because her leg was injured.>> Because of
30) Because it was sunny, we decided to go camping.>> Because of
15.Reported speech: Statements ( câu gián tiếp : Câu trần thuật )
- Nếu câu bắt đầu không cần lùi thời câu gián tiếp Ex: Susan : “ I work in an office.” -> Susan says that she works in an office
- NÕu câu bắt đầu thời khứ , cần lùi thời câu gián tiếp Ex: Susan: I work in an office.” -> Susan said that she worked in an office
Direct Speech Reported Speech
From -> To Simple present
Peter : “ I work in the garden” Simple pastPeter said that he worked in the garden Simple past
Peter: “ I worked in the garden”
Past perfect
Peter said that he had worked in the garden Present Perfect
Peter: “ I have worked in the garden”
Past perfect
Peter said that he had worked in the garden Past perfect
Peter : “ I had worked in the garden.”
Past perfect
Peter said that he had worked in the garden Will
Peter: “ I will work in the garden”
Would
Peter said that he would work in the garden Can
Peter : “ I can work in the garden”
Could
Peter said that he could work in the garden
(10)Peter: “ I may work in the garden” Peter said that he might work in the garden Would/ could
Peter: “ I would work in the garden.”
Would/ could
Peter: “ I would work in the garden.” Progressive forms
Am/are/ is
Peter: “I’m working in the garden.” Was/ werePeter said that he was working in the garden Was/ were
Peter: “ I was working in the garden.” Had beenPeter said that he had been working in the garden
Has been
Peter: “ I have been working in the garden.” Had beenPeter said that he had been working in the garden
Had been
Peter: “ I had been working in the garden.”
Had been
Peter said that he had been working in the garden
- Nếu câu chứa ngữ thời gian , phảI thay đổi ngữ cho phù hợp
Ex: Peter : “ I worked in the garden yesterday.” -> Peter said that he had worked in the garden the day before.
Chuyển đổi ngữ thời gian
This (evening) -> That (evening) Today/ this day -> that day These(days) -> those( days)
Now -> then
(a week) ago -> ( a week) before
Last weekend -> the weekend before/ the previous weekend
Here -> there
Next (week) -> the following (week) Tomorrow -> the next/ following day
Note : Trong số trờng hợp , lùi thời không cần thiết mà thông tin câu trần thuật trực tiếp
Ex: Manh : “ My brother is at Hanoi National University.”
Manh said that his brother was at Hanoi National University Or -> Manh said that his brother is at Hanoi National University Ex: Mandy : “ The sun rises in the East.”
Mandy said that the sun rose in the East Or Mandy said that the sun rises in the East Put the following statements into Indirect Speech:
1 My girlfriend said to me, “My younger brother is studying medicine at Can Tho University.” ………
2 “I didn’t send any letter by e-mail,” said Tom
……… The teacher said, “ Some students don’t like homework.” ………
4 “I haven’t seen my uncle since last year,” said Harry
(11)5 I said to the nurse, “You haven’t given me any medicine.” ………
6 The gardener said to the children, “You are allowed to pick the flowers.” ………
7 I told the taxi driver, “You are driving too quickly right now” ………
8 My friend said, “I lived in the country for two years before I moved here.” ………
9 “The country will develop greatly in the next twenty years,” my father predicted ………
10 “Many people died after the earthquake last night,” the report said 5 Conditional sentence type 1( câu điều kiƯn lo¹i 1)
Mệnh đề điều kiện (if) Mệnh đề chính
If + S + V ( đơn) , S + will + V If it rains, we will stay at home
He will arrive late unless he hurries up Peter will buy a new car if he gets his raise
- Câu điều kiện loại đợc dùng để tình có thật xảy Nó cịn đợc gọi câu điều kiện có thật ( the real conditional)
note : Trong câu điều kiện loại “unless” đợc dùng thay cho “ if ………not” Ex: If you don’t work harder , you’ll fail the exam
Unless you work harder , you’ll fail the exam Put the verb in brackets into the correct tenses.
1 If I see him I (give) him a lift
2 The table will collapse if you (stand) on it If he (eat) all he will be ill
4 If I find your passport I (telephone) you at once The police (arrest) him if they catch him
6 If he (read) in bad light he will ruin his eyes Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked What will happen if my parachute (not open)? If he (wash) my car I’ll give him 10$
10 If she (need) a radio she can borrow mine 11 If you (not go) away I’ll send for the police 12 I’ll be very angry if he (make) any more mistakes 13 She will be absolutely furious if she (hear0 about this 14 If you put on the kettle I (make) the tea
15 If he (be) late we’ll go out without him
6 Conditional sentence type ( câu điều kiện loại 2)
Mệnh đề điều kiện ( if) Mệnh đề chính
(12)- Câu điều kiện loại dùng để diễn đạt tình khơng có thật tơng lai
If cats had wings , they would be able to fly
note : - Nếu mệnh đề if đứng trớc hai mệnh đề bắt buộc phải có dấu phẩy ‘ ,’ nhng mệnh đề đứng trớc hai mệnh đề khơng có dấu phẩy ‘,’
If I had money, I would buy a motorbike I would buy a motorbike if I had money
- Trong văn viết câu điều kiện loại 2, động từ to be có dạng chia khứ ‘ were’
If I were you, I’d try harder to win the game Exercise 2: Put the verbs in the correct form
1. If you drove more carefully, you (not, have) so may accidents 2. He would get to work on time if he (get) up early
3. If we (have) more time, I could tell you more about it 4. If you (sell) more products, you’d earn more money 5. I could help you if you (trust) me more
6. His car would be a lot safer if he (buy) some tyres
7. The children would be better swimmer if they (go) swimming more frequently 8. We wouldn’t mind having children if we (live) in the country
9. If I (be) you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university 10.If they gave me a job I (take) it
11.The weather isn’t nice I (take) a walk if the weather (be) nice
12.My wife and I want to buy a house, but houses are too expensive We (buy) a new house if we (have) enough money
13.Life (be) boring if everyone (have) the same opinions about everything 14.If I (be) you, I (tell) Brian the truth
15.Airline tickets are very expensive If they (be) cheap, I (fly) to Singapore 16.I am very tired tonight If I (not, be) tired, I (go) to the movie with you 17.I don’t have enough time If I (have) enough time, I (go) to the park 18.It isn’t Saturday If it (be) Saturday, I (go) to the beach
19.I have to go to class today If I (not, have to) go to class today, I (go) shopping or (visit) my friend
20.I don’t understand that sentence If I (understand) that sentence, I (explain) it to you
Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that they don’t change the meaning He doesn’t have the money and he cannot afford a new car >> If
I cannot go to the beach with you this weekend because I have a date with my old classmate I never get very lonely because I have lots of good friends.>> If
The match can be cancelled because it rains heavily.>>If
Because Simon doesn’t live near his mother, he can’t visit her often >> If I don’t have free time, so I can’t go to see him.>> If
I am poor; I can’t travel around the world >> If I am not a millionaire, I can’t help all people >> if I am not old enough; I can’t decide my own life >> If I am very tired so I can’t finish my work >> If
(13)Should + V
You should study harder to pass the exams Should I ask him to go with me to the party ? He shouldn’t reveal our secret
- Should đợc dùng để đa lời khuyên 22 Conditional setence type ( Câu điều kiện loại 3)
If + S + past perfect ( QKHT) , S + would/ could / might + P II Ex: If I had worked harder, I would have passed the exam
- Câu điều kiện loại dùng để diễn tả điều khơng có thực q khứ, điều tởng tợng khứ
Ex: If we had taken a taxi , we would have got there in time : Supply the correct form of the verbs
If I (know) _ that you were ill last week, I (go) _ to see you
Tom (not, enter) _ for the examination if he (know) _ that it would be so difficult Paul got to the station in time If he (miss) _ the train, he (be) _ late for his interview It’s good that Mary reminded me about Daisy’s Birthday I (forget) _ if she (not,
remind) _ me
The weather was bad We (go) _ camping if the weather (not, be) _ so bad I (send) _ you a postcard while I was on holiday if I (have) _ your address You (have) a good time if you (be) _ at the party last night
If I (not, drink) strong tea with lemon last night, I (have) _ a sound sleep If it (not, rain) _ yesterday, we (come) _ to visit them
If she (eat) something last night, she (not, feel) _ hungry
I didn’t feel good yesterday If I (feel) _ better, I (come) _ to class yesterday I didn’t know it was your birthday I (get) _ you a present if (I know) _ it was your birthday
It was cold yesterday If it (be, not) _ cold yesterday, I (go) _ swimming Jack didn’t study for the test If he (study) for the test, he (pass) _ it
I’m sorry that you didn’t come to my party If you (come) _ , you (meet) _ many old friends
I didn’t have enough money last night If I (have) _ enough money last night, I (go) _ to a show
I didn’t have time so I didn’t go shopping If I (have) _ time, I (go) _ shopping with you If human had been more friendly with nature, they (endure) _ natural disasters
If people (use) _ more environment-friendly products, they would not have worried about global warming
If more garbage (dump) _ into the sea, people would have suffered from sea pollution Exercise 3: sentence transformation
She didn’t eat anything because she wasn’t hungry >>If
The accident happened because the drive in front stopped so suddenly >>If I didn’t wake you up because I didn’t know you wanted to get up early >> If She didn’t buy the watch because she didn’t bring enough money with him >> If I had a cold because I walked in the rain >> If
They didn’t sell the house because their children wanted to keep it >> If Mrs White fell down because she was too weak >> If
(14)I couldn’t answer the phone because I was having a bath >> If Exercise 4: if not = unless
If you don’t see that film, you’ll be sorry >> unless If you don’t take morning exercises, you will be weak You will get lost if you don’t take a map with you They will kill him if he doesn’t tell them the truth
If we don’t protect the forests, the environments will bee soon destroyed I will wait her if she calls me
I will choose that blue jacket if isn’t too expensive If it doesn’t rain, we will go for a walk
I will buy a bike if I don’t go on holiday I will visit them if I have enough time
23 The passive voice ( Thể bị động) *Form :
Passive Subject + To be + Past participle (p2)
Use : + Thể bị động đợc sử dụng ta không muốn phải chịu trách nhiệm cho thứ Ex: The matter will be dealt with soon ( we don’t know or wanr to say who’ll deal with it.)
+ Thể bị động đợc dùng ta muốn nhấn mạnh tới ngời vật chịu tác động hành động.không đề cập or quan tâm đến ngời thực hành động
Ex: The form has to be designed
+ Tuy nhiên , ngời ta không sử dụng thể bị động muốn nhấn mạnh vào tác nhân thực hành động
Ex: You should finish this letter ( Not ‘ This letter should be finished’ ) = It is you who should finish this letter
Tense Subject Auxiliary Past Participle
Singular Plural
1 Present simple
(HT§) The car/cars is are designed
2 Present perfect(HTHT)
The car/cars has been have been designed
3 Past simple(QK§) The car/cars was were designed
4 Past
perfect(QKHT)
The car/cars had been had been designed
5.Future(TL§) The car/cars will be will be designed
6 Future Perfect ( TLHT)
The car/cars will have been will have been designed 7 Present
progressive( HTTD)
The car/cars is being are being designed
8 Past progressive. (QKTD)
The car/cars was being were being designed
(15)Have/ get + object + past participle I get my nails done by Marie
I am going to have my window washed You should get the car checked
I haven’t had it done since June Rewrite the sentences using passive voice Ann invited Tom to the party yesterday _ She made a lot of mistakes in the examination _ Someone has locked the door
_ People play football all over the world
_
Our country exports rice to many countries in the world _
Students often use a ruler to draw a straight line _ We write letters to our friends twice a month _ When did people build that museum?
_ Teachers gave students a lot of homework last term _ People ban smoking in this restaurant
_
You should leave your shoes before entering the room _
People held the 1998 World Cup in France _ My father waters these flowers every morning Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen _ We should brush our teeth twice a day
(16) _ Tom will visit his parents next month
_ Our teacher has explained the English grammar _
The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning _
Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?
_ Have you finished the above sentences? _ Are you going to repair those shoes?
_ How many languages people speak in Canada? _
Some people will interview the new president on TV _
The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week _
Do they teach French in this school?
_ Did the teacher give the handouts?
_ They were cleaning the floor
_ The boys broke the window yesterday
_ They will hold a meeting before May Day _ How can they open the safe?
_ Is she making big cakes for the party?
_ Will you invite her to your party?
(17) _
21 Attitudinal Adjectives ( Các tính từ thái độ )
- Cã nhiỊu cỈp adjectives tËn cïng b»ng –ing hay –ed VD : Boring vµ bored This is boring
I am bored with the film
- Sư dơng c¸c tÝnh tõ tËn cïng b»ng –ing mn nãi tíi tÝnh chÊt cđa mét sù vËt , sù viƯc - Sư dơng c¸c tÝnh tõ tËn cïng ed muốn nói tới cảm xúc , trạng thái tâm lý ngời
Tom is interested in politics Tom finds politics interesting
24 It was not until ………that………( kh«ng cho m·i)
Until (cho đến tận ) đợc dùng nh giới từ liên từ mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian
The cinema did not become an industry until 1915
The girl didn’t clean the house until her mother got angry Rewrite sentences using “it was not until …”
1 She didn’t recover her confidence until that morning
I was not until ……… He didn’t arrive at the office until half past nine
It was not until ……… Mary didn’t work for the UN until 2004
It was not until……… I didn’t know how to ride a bicycle until I was 15
It was not until ……… John didn’t finish reading my book until last Saturday
It was not until ……… I didn’t like chocolate until I went to university
It was not until……… No one could leave the stadium until 2.30
It was not until……… She wasn’t allowed to open her presents until her birthday It was not until……… We didn’t have any holidays until last summer
It was not until……… 10 She didn’t stop learning German until the age of 24
It was not until……… 11 I couldn’t finish my project until Mark helped me
It was not until……… 12 they didn’t pay the bill until the electricity was cut off
(18)It was not until……… 14 I couldn’t comment further until I had all the information It was not until……… 15 He didn’t return to his native village until the war ended It was not until……… 16 He was unable to take up the post until early the following year It was not until
25 Cách sử dụng Will to be going to
- Will đợc sử dụng để hành động việc xảy tơng lai S + will + V
We will visit Paris someday I won’t be here in June
Will you be at home this evening?
- Có thể sử dụng cấu trúc : I think I will …để nói dự định , ý kiến I think she will pass the exam
- Sử dụng will muốn đề nghị làm ‘My case is so heavy.’ ‘I will carry it for you.’
- ‘ To be going to’ đợc sử dụng để tơng lai gần I am going to buy some books tomorrow
- Sự khác biệt ‘will’ ‘to be going to’ ‘to be going to’ dùng để nói tới chắn sẽ xảy ra, ‘will’ đợc dùng với dự định không chắc.
We will probably go out this evening We are going to go out will or be going to
1 Look at the clouds It … soon.(to rain) Peter …15 next Wednesday.(to be) We… to London this summer.(to fly) Tomorrow it …in the North.(to rain) Just a moment, I… you.(to help) In 2010 there … more cars (to be)
7 I think I ………sick I feel very tired (to be) I… a party I have already invited my friends (to have) What wear for tonight’s party?
9 What wear for tonight’s party?
A will you B are you going C are you D are you going to 10 “Did Tom the examination?” – “He it but in the end he changed his mind”
A will B is going to C was going to D decided
11 I cross the road when somebody shouted “Stop!”
A am going to B was going to C would D will 12 I promise I help you with your homework
A will B would C should D may
13 We have run out of water – Really? Give me the bucket and I fetch some
A will B go C am going to D can
39 We need some bread for lunch – Oh, we? I go to the shop and get some
A am B am going to C should D will
14 “ I will come to give you the package at eight.”
(19)A have gone B will have gone C will go D went
15 The coach announce the list of footballers at the meeting tomorrow morning He’s got the final list
A is going B shouldn’t C is going to D won’t
26 Comparatives and superlatives ( D¹ng so sánh dạng so sánh nhất.)
So sánh ( Comparatives)
So sánh hình thức so sánh hai ngời hai vật/sự vật Trong câu thờng sử dụng THAN có thÓ dïng tõ nèi ( vd : but) Nam is taller than Ha.
Ha is tall, but Nam is taller. Nam learns harder than I do.
So sánh ( Superlatives)
So sánh cách so sánh ngời vật với nhóm ngời/vật Thông thờng câu so sánh h¬n nhÊt co THE , bëi chØ co mét thø lµ nhÊt
Tom is the tallest in the class.
Jukio is tall, and David is taller, but Tom is the tallest.
Tom came the earliest in the class.
Dạng so sánh dạng so sánh tính từ ( Comparatives and Superlatives of Adjectives).
- Để hình thành dạng so sánh tính từ phụ thuộc vào số lợng âm tiết tính từ Âm tiết âm đợc phát âm thành tiếng VD: “sing” chứa âm tiết , nhng ‘singing’ chứa âm tiết sing v ing
- Các qui tắc dạng so sánh với tính từ.
Tính từ Adjective form So sánh - Comparative So sánh nhất( Superlative) Tính từ âm tiết kết thúc
là -e
VD : fine, cute, wide…
Thªm – r :
-> wider, finer, cuter
Thªm – st :
-> widest, finest, cutest TÝnh tõ cã âm tiết nhng
kết thúc nguyên ©m vµ mét phơ ©m
VD : hot , big, fat
Nhân đôi phụ âm cuối thêm –er ;
-> hotter, bigger, fatter
Nhân đôi phụ âm cuối thêm – est:
-> hottest, biggest, fattesr TÝnh tõ cã ©m tiÕt kÕt thóc
bằng nguyên âm , nhiều phơ ©m
VD : light, neat, fast
Thªm – er :
-> lighter, neater, faster
Thªm – est:
-> lightest, neatest fastest TÝnh tõ cã hai ©m tiÕt kÕt thóc
= y
Chuyển y -> i sau thêm –er: -> happier, sillier, lonelier
(20)VD: happy, silly, lonely Tính từ có hai âm tiết , không kÕt thóc b»ng y VD: moder n , interesting, beautiful…
Thªm more tríc tÝnh tõ -> more moder n, more interesting, more beautiful
Thªm most tríc tÝnh tõ -> most moder n, most interesting, most beautiful
Dạng so sánh dạng so sánh cđa tr¹ng tõ ( Comparatives and superlatives of Adverbs)
- Các qui tắc dạng so sánh với trạng từ;
Trạng Từ Adverb form So sánh hơn- Comparative So sánh nhất- Superlative Trạng từ kết thúc - ly
VD: quickly, comfortably, easily
Thêm tríc tr¹ng tõ – more : -> more quickly, more comfortably, more easily
Thêm trớc trạng từ most: -> most quickly, most comfortably, most easily Tr¹ng tõ bÊt qui tắc Thêm er:
-> harder, faster, earlier, later
Thªm – est :
-> hardest, fastest, earliest Latest
Note !
- Một số tính từ hay trạng từ có dạng so sánh đặc biệt: Bad/badly -> worse -> the worst
Far -> father/ further -> the farthest/ furthest Good/ well -> better -> the best
Little -> less -> the least Much/ many -> more -> the most He is the worst boy in the class
Exercise2 :Use the comparative or superlative form of the words in brackets 21 I speak English… (fluent) now than last year
22 He is (intelligent) student I have ever met 23 She smiled (happy) than before
24 This girl dances (graceful) of all 25 Could you write (clear)?
26 Planes can fly (high) than some kinds of birds
27 He had an accident last year Now, he drives (careful) than before 28 Jim can run…(fast) than John
29 Our team played (bad) of all 30 He worked (hard) than ever before
31.I have never had a (delicious) meal than that 32 This jacket is too small I need a (large) size 33 It’s (cheap) to go by car than to go by train
34 I don’t know (many) people in our neighborhood as you 35 It’s (difficult) decision I’ve ever made in years
36 Mary is (pretty) as her sister
37 A new house is (expensive) than an old one 38 His job is (important) than mine
(21)41 John is much (strong) then I thought 42 Benches are (comfortable) than arm-chairs 43 Bill is (go) than you thought
45 Mr Bush is (delightful) person I have ever known 46 Dick is (careful) of the three workers
47 Sam’s conduct is (bad) than Paul’s
48 The teacher speaks English (fluently) than we
49 These boys are (ill-prepared) for employment than my children 50 Charles is (hard-working) than Tom
Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning. 51 No houses in Hoi An are as old as the Tan Ky House.>>The……
52 The blue whale is the biggest of all animals.>>No…
53 Khanh Ha is the best singer in her time.>>Khanh Ha …than any…
54 Hellen doesn’t know so many novels of Oscal Wilde as I do.>> Hellen knows…than… 55 The sword is not so mighty as the pen.>>The pen
56 The river in her town is less shallow than this one.>>This… 57 The orange building is not as high as the blue one.>>The blue… 58 These assignments are not so good as Timothy’ >>Timothy’s… 59 Jim has more opportunities to play tennis than me.>>I don’t 60 John drives more carefully than Peter.>> Peter
61 I am not as tall as you >> You are
62 She is the most intelligent student in my class >> No one 63 Peter studies English better than I >> I
64 He is better player than we are >> We don’t 65 I didn’t spend as much money as you >> I
66 Nothing is faster than the speed of light.>> The speed of light 67 Jane cooks better than her sister >> Jane’s sister
68 Pill is the most handsome person in our class >> No one 69 He is lazier than she >>She isn’t
70 He doesn’t drive as carefully as my father >> My father
27 Relative clauses ( Mệnh đề quan hệ ) : Xác định ( defining ) không xác định ( non- defining).
- MĐQHXĐ đợc sử dụng để xác định nhân tố nhóm danh từ đợc nhắc tới Ex: I have three cats The cat which is black and white is very intelligent
- MĐQHKXĐ đợc sử dụng để đa thêm thông tin danh từ mà nói tới Thơng tin thêm khơng định việc xác định danh từ
Ex: I have one cat The cat, which is black and white , is very intelligent
*Note : - Đối với MĐQHKXĐ , không sử dụng ‘that’, sử dụng ‘who’ ngời ‘ which’ i vi vt
(22)- Đại từ quan hệ bị lợc bỏ MĐQHXĐ nhng bị lợc bỏ MĐQHKXĐ
Thats the girl that I love -> That’s the girl I love The teacher notices the students They often come to class late
_
Frank Zappa was one of the most creative artists in rock and roll He came from California _
The man had much experience in climbing mountains We considered him our teacher _
The artist was one of the best I have ever seen I could not remember his name _
The qualities are trust and loyalty They are very important in a friend _
Frank invited Janet to the party He had met her in Japan _
The girl stepped to the platform to receive the award Her design had been chosen _
I need to find a painting It will match the rest of my room _
There are many poor people in the world They not have enough food to eat _
The trees grow near the gate of the garden They have the beautiful flowers _
If you have a problem, contact the senior receptionist He will deal with it as a top priority _
The chickens are very fat They are raised on our farm _
The teacher is my father’s friend He lives in that old house _
The girl left him after a few months He fell in love with her _
The boy is very interested in mathematics I spoke to him on the phone last night _
28 M¹o tõ a/ an & the
- Sử dụng a/an danh từ đếm đợc số + A dùng cho danh từ bắt đầu phụ âm + An dùng với danh từ bắt đầu nguyên âm - Sử dụng the danh từ xác định