Nghiên cứu chế biến sữa chua đậu đỏ từ sữa đặc có đường

TRl/dNG DAI HOC AN GIANG KHOA NONG NGHIEP & TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN BO MON CONG NGHf TH^TC PHAM PIL^JVITHJ TUYET HANG DH10TP NGHIEN CUtJ CHE BIEN StTA CHUA DAU DO TIT StTA DAC C6 Dl/OfNG BAO CAO KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP DAI HQC Nganh h^c: Cong Nghf Thirc Pham Can b^ hiring dan: ThS Ho Thj Ngan Ha KHOA HQC 2009 - 2013 TRUONG DAI HQC AN GIANG THlJVIEN An Giang, Thang 5.2013 Loi cam ta Trong su6t qua trinh th\rc hi^n khda luan "Nghi^n curu chl bien s&a chua dau til sOa dkc c6 dudng" em da nhan duqc sy giup d& tan tinh ciia ckc thay, c6 vk ckc ban sinh vien vk ngoki lap Dau tiSn, em xin gui lai ckm an d^^n ckc thay, co B^ mon C6ng Ngh^ Thirc Phkin, Khoa Nong Nghi^p & Tki Nguyen Thien Nhien, Truang Dai Hpc An Giang da truyen d^t cho em nhung kien thiic quy bku suot nhiJng nam em hqc d truang Xin gdi ldi cam an sku skc d^n c6 H6 Thi Ngkn Hk da t^n tlnh hudng din, tun ckch giai quyet ckc van de, tao dieu kien thu^n lgi giiip em hokn thknh tot luan vkn tot nghiep Em xin cam an ckc thly, co phu trkch phong thi nghi^m Bo m6n Cong Nghe Thttc Phkm da nhiet tinh huang dan cung nhu tao dieu kien tot nhat cho em thirc hien de tki cuaminh Cu6i ckng, xin gui ldi ckm an din ckc ban sinh vien lap DH10TP da giup dd, trao ddi vk dong gdp nhung y kiln chan thknh cho toi thai gian thuc hi^n de tki Xin chkn thknh cam on! Sinh vien thirc hi^n Pham Thf Tuyet Hkng Muc luc Noi dungTrang Ldicam t^i Mpc lucii Danh s^chb^ngiv Danh s^chhinhviii Tomlugrcx Chirong Gidi thifu1 l.l.Batvindg1 1.2.Muc tieu nghien cuu1 1.3.Ni dung nghien cuu1 Chirong Luge khao tai lieu2 2.1.T6ng quan vi nguySn lieu2 2.1.1.Dau do2 2.1.2.Sfta dijic cd dudng 2.1.3.Suachua5 2.2.Phu gia CMC7 2.2.1.Tinh chit7 2.2.2.Cong dung7 2.2.3.Gidd han su dung8 2.3.C^c qud trinh, nguyen ly che bien va b^o quan co lien quan8 2.3.1.Qua trinh niu8 2.3.2.Qua trinh ph6i chi8 2.3.3.Qu^ trinh d6ng hoa8 2.3.4.Qua trinh xii ly nhiet (thanh trung)8 2.3.5.Qua trinh len men sua chua8 2.3.6.Qua trinh lam lanh12 2.4.Cdc nghien curu nude truac day12 Chirung Phuwng tign va phuong phap nghien cuu13 3.1.Phuong tign nghien cuu13 3.1.1.Dia dilm va thai gian nghien cuu13 3.1.2.Nguyen vat lieu, thiit bi cin cho thr nghiem13 3.2.Phuang ph^p nghiSn cuu13 3.2.1 Phuang ph^p thu thap va xu ly s6 li^u13 3.2.2.Phuang phip phin tich, dinh gii14 3.2.3.Quy trinh nghien cftu du kiln15 3.2.4.Thuylt minh quy trinh15 3.2.5.Npi dung nghien cftu17 Chu-OTig Kit qua va thao luan21 4.1.Thiinh phin hoa hpc ca ban cua nguyen li^u21 4.2.Anh huang ciia qua trinh niu dau (ty le diumuac, thai gian) din chit luang cua nuac va hat d^u do22 4.2.1.Anh hudmg cua ty le diumuac vi thai gian nau dau den him luang chat trich ly thu dupe dich nuac dau do22 4.2.2.Anh hucmg cua ty le diumuac va thai gian nau dau den miu cua djch nuac dau do23 4.2.3.Anh huang cua ty le diumuac vi thai gian niu dau din gia tri cam quan cua hat dau do.'24 4.3.Anh huang cua ty le sita dac co duong:nuac dau va sua chua Vinamilk (vi khuln lactic) din qua trinh len men va chat luang sin phim26 4.3.1.Anh hucmg ciia ty le sfta die c6 duomgmuac dau va stta chua Vinamilk (vi khuan lactic) den qua trinh len men26 4.3.2.Anh huang ciia ty le sila dac c6 duongmuac dau vi sua chua Vinamilk (vi khuin lactic) den gia tri cam quan ciia sin phim30 4.4.Anh hucmg ciia ty le hat dau bl sung vi CMC (nlng 2%) din chit luang cua sin phim33 4.4.1.Anh huang ciia ty le hat dau bl sung vi CMC (nlng 2%) din nhdt cua sin phim33 4.4.2.Anh hucmg cua ty le hat dau hi sung vi CMC (nlng 2%) din gia tri cim quan ciia sin phim34 4.5.Ket qui phin tich thinh phin hoa hpc ciia stta chua dau ttr sfta die c6 duftng 36 Chmmg Ket lu^n va khuyln nghi37 5.1.Kit luan37 5.2.Khuyln nghi38 Tai lifu tham khao39 Phu chironedcI Phuchuong Apel Phu chuong Bpc3 PhuchuangCpc7 PhuchuangDpc9 Danh sach bang Stt Noi dungTrang Bang 1: Thanh phin h6a hpc phSn ti'ch hat dau kho3 Bang 2: TMnh phin hda hpc cua sfta dac c6 ducmg4 B&ng 3: Thanh phin hda hpc cua stta dc c6 duang Ngoi Sao Phuang Nam5 Bang 4: Thanh phan hoa hpc cua sfta chua khong duftng Vinamilk6 Bang 5: Cdc phuong phdp phSn tfch, d^nh gi^14 Bang 6: KSt qua phan ti'ch phin hoa hpc cua nguySn lipu dau do21 B^ng 7: Anh hucmg cua ty IS d^umuftc din diSm dm quan vS trang thai cua hat dau d6.'24 Bang 8: Anh huang cua thai gian nau dau den diem c&n quan vS trtmg th^i cua hat dau do24 Bang 9: Anh hucmg cua ty le daumudc v^ thai gian nau dau den diem c^m quan ve trang thai cua hat dau do25 Bang 10: Anh huang cua ty 1? sua dac c6 duangmudrc dau d6n gi^ tri cam quan cua sanpham30 Bang 11: Anh hu^^ng cua sfta chua Vinamilk (vi khuan lactic) den gi^ tri cam quan cua sanpham31 Bang 12: Anh hu^ng ciia ty le sfta d^c c6 duangmudc ddu v^ sfta chua (yaourt cai) den gia tri cam quan cua san phim32 Bang 13: Anh hucmg cua CMC (nong dp 2%) den gi^ trj dm quan cua skn pham 34 Bang 14: Anh huang ciia ty IS h^t dau bo sung den gi^ tri dm quan cua san pham 34 Bang 15: Anh hucmg cua ty IS hat d^u b6 sung v^ CMC (n6ng dp 2%) dSn gi^ tri cam quan cua sanpham35 Bang 16: Th^nh phan hoa hpc cua sfta chua dau tu sfta ddc c6 ducmg36 Bang 17: Xc dinh htai lupng ducmg nghich chuySnpc4 Bang 18: B^ng diSm m6 ta danh gia cam quan hat d^u d6pc7 Bang 19: Bang diSm mo ta danh gi^ cam quan san pham sfta chua dau d6 tft sfta dac c6 duftngpc7 Bang 20: Bang diSm ddnh gia mftc dp ua thtch theo thang diSm Hedonicpc8 Bang 21: Ph^n tfch phuong sai anh huang cua ^ IS dSu:nuftc v^ thai gian nfiu d^iu dSn ham lupng chat trich ly thu dupe dich nude dau dopc9 Bang 22: KSt qua th6ng kS ANOVA ^nh huftng cua ty IS daumudc dSn him lupng chit trich ly thu dupe dich nuac dau dopc9 Bang 23: KSt qd thing ke ANOVA anh huang cua thai gian niu dau dSn ham lupng chit trich ly thu dupe dich nuac dau dopc9 Bang 24: Phan tich phuong sai knh hudng cua ty If daumudc vd thdi gian niu dta ddn mdu cua dich nude dfu ddpc9 Bang 25: Kdt qua thdng ke ANOVA dtih hudng cua ty le daumudc ddn mdu cua dich nudedfuddpclO Bang 26: Kdt qua thdng ke ANOVA anh hudng cua thai gian niu dau dd din mdu cua dich nude dau dopclO Bang 27: Phan tich phuomg sai anh hudng cua ty Id daumudc v^ thai gian niu ddu din gid tri cam quan cua h^t dau dopclO Bang 28: Kit qua thing kd ANOVA anh hudng cua ty If du:nudc din gid tri cam quan cua hat dau dopclO Bang 29: Kit qua thdng ke ANOVA anh hudng cua thdi gian niu dau ddn gid tri cam quan cua h^t dfu dopclO Bang 30: Phan tich phuang sai anh hudng cua ty 1^ ddumudc va thai gian nau d^u ddn gid tri cam quan cua hat dau dopel Bang 31: Kdt qua thdng ke ANOVA anh hudng cua ty 1^ daumudc va thdi gian niu dau ddn gia trj cam quan cua hat dau dopell Bang 32: Phan tich phuang sai anh hudng cua ty Id sfla ddc cd dudngmudc dau v^ sitachua Vinamilk (vi khuanlactic) ddn tr^ng thdi sanphampell Bang 33: Kdt qua thdng ke ANOVA anh hudng cua ty Id sua ddc cd dudngmudc dau ddn trang thdi san phampell Bang 34: Kdt qud thdng ke ANOVA anh hudng cua sua chua Vinamilk (vi khuin lactic) ddn trang thdi sdn phampcl2 Bang 35: Phin tich phuang sai anh hudng ciia ty Id sua ddc cd dudngmudc dau vd sfta chua Vinamilk (vi khuan lactic) ddn trang thdi san phampcl2 Bang 36: Kdt qua thdng kd ANOVA anh hudng cua ty sfta diic cd dudngmudc dau vd sfta chua Vinamilk (vi khuin lactic) ddn trang thdi san phimpcl2 Bang 37: Phan tich phuang sai dnh hudng cua ty 1^ sfta d^c cd dudngmudc ddu dd vd sfta chua Vinamilk (vi khudn lactic) den mdu sdc san phampcl2 Bdng 38: Kdt qua thdng kd ANOVA anh hudng cua ty If sfta ddc cd dudngmudc dau ddn mdu sdc san phampcl3 Bang 39: Kdt qud thdng kd ANOVA anh hudng ciia sfta chua Vinamilk (vi khuin lactic) ddn mdu sac san phampcl3 Bang 40: Phan tich phuang sai dnh hudng cua ty Id sfta dac cd dudngmudc ddu vd sfta chua Vinamilk (vi khuan lactic) ddn mdu sic san phimpcl3 Bang 41: Kdt qua thdng kd ANOVA anh hudng cua ty If sfta dac cd dudngmudc dau vd sfta chua Vinamilk (vi khuin lactic) ddn mdu sic san phimpcl3 Bang 42: Phdn tich phuang sai anh hudng cua ty If sfta dfc cd dudngmudc dau dd vd sfta chua Vinamilk (vi khuan lactic) ddn mui san phimpcl4 Bang 43: Kdt qua thdng kd ANOVA anh hudng cua ty If sfta dac cd dudngmudc ddu den mui san phimpcl4 Bang 44: K6t qua thttng ke ANOVA anh huttng cua stta chua Vinamilk (vi khuin lactic) den mui san phampcl4 Bang 45: Phan tich phuong sai anh huttng cua ty 16 sua dac co duttngmuttc dau vi sfta chua Vinamilk (vi khuan lactic) den mui san phampcl4 Bang 46: Ket qua thong ke ANOVA anh huttng cua ty le sfta dac co duttngmuttc dau vi sfta chua Vinamilk (vi khuan lactic) den mui san phampcl5 Bang 47: PhSn tich phuong sai anh huttng ciia ty If stta dac co duttngmuttc dau d6 vi stta chua Vinamilk (vi khuan lactic) den vi san phampcl5 Bang 48: K6t qua thttng ke ANOVA anh hudmg cua ty le stta dac co duttngmuoc dau d6n vi san phim,pcl5 Bang 49: Kit qua thttng ke ANOVA anh huttng cua stta chua Vinamilk (vi khuin lactic) din vi san phampcl5 Bang 50: Phan tich phuong sai anh huttng cua ty le stta die c6 duttngmuttc dau d6 va sfta chua Vinamilk (vi khuan lactic) den vi san phampcl6 Bang 51: Ket qua thong k6 ANOVA anh huong cua ty le stta die co duttngmuttc dau va sfta chua Vinamilk (vi khuan lactic) den vi san phampcl6 Bang 52: Phan tich phuong sai anh huong cua ty le stta dac c6 duttngmuoc dau vi stta chua Vinamilk (vi khuan lactic) den mttc ua thich cua san phampel6 Bang 53: Ket qua thong ke ANOVA anh huttng ciia ty 16 stta dac co duttngmuttc dau den mttc ua thich cua san phampcl6 Bang 54: Kit qua thong ke ANOVA anh huttng cua stta chua Vinamilk (vi khuin lactic) din mttc dp ua thich cua san phlmpcl7 Bang 55: Phan tich phuong sai anh huong cua ty le stta dac co duttngmuttc dau dtt v^ stta chua Vinamilk (vi khuan lactic) den mttc dp ua thich cua san phampcl7 Bang 56: Ket qua thong ke ANOVA anh huttng cua ty 16 stta dac co duongmudc dau va stta chua Vinamilk (vi khuan lactic) den mttc dp ua thich cua san phampcl7 Bang 57: Phan tich phuong sai anh huttng cua ty 16 hat d6u btt sung va CMC (nttng dp 2%) d6n dp nhot cua san phlmpcl7 B4ng 58: K6t qua thttng ke ANOVA anh huong cua CMC (nttng dp 2%) d6n dp nhot cua san phampel8 Bang 59: K6t qua thttng ke ANOVA anh huttng cua ty 16 hat dau dtt btt sung d6n dp nhot cua san phampcl8 Bang 60: Phan tich phuong sai anh huong cua ty 16 hat dau dtt btt sung \k CMC (nttng dp 2%) d6n trang thai san phimpcl8 Bang 61: K6t qua thttng ke ANOVA anh huong cua CMC (nttng dp 2%) d6n trang thai san phampcl8 Bang 62: K6t qua thttng ke ANOVA anh huttng cua ty 16 hat dau btt sung d6n trang th^i san phampcl8 Bang 63: Phan tich phuong sai anh huttng cua ty 16 hat d|iu dtt btt sung vi CMC (nttng dp 2%) d6n trang thai san phimpcl9 Bang 64: Kit qua th6ng kg ANOVA anh huong cua ty le hat dau bi sung vh CMC (nongdp2%) dentrang thdi sanphampcl9 Bang 65: Phin tfch phuong sai anh huong cua ty 1? h^t ddu d6 bo sung vh CMC (n6ng dp 2%) dSn nuic dp ua thich cua san phampcl9 B^ng 66: K^t qua th6ng ke ANOVA anh huong cua CMC (n6ng dO 2%) d^n nuic dp ua thich cua ska phampcl9 Bang 67: Kit qua thing kg ANOVA anh huong cua ^ le hat dau bi sung din mure dp ua thfch cua san phampc20 Bang 68: Phin tfch phuong sai anh huong cua ty le hat dau d6 bo sung vh CMC (n6ng dp 2%) din miic dp ua thich cua san phampc20 Bang 69: Kit qua thing kg ANOVA anh huong cua ty lg hat ddu bi sung vh CMC (ning dp 2%) din muc d6 ua thich ciia sanphimpc20 Danh sach hinh Stt Ni dungTrang ffinh 1: Cay dau do2 Hinh 2: Dau do2 Hinh 3: Chao dau do3 Hinh 4: Xdi dau do3 Hinh 5: Che dau d63 Hinh 6: Stta dac c6 dudng Ngoi Sao Phuomg Nam5 Hinh 7: Stia chua khong dudng Vinamilk6 Hinh 8: Natri carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)7 Hinh 9: So dd chuydn hda lactose th^nh acid lactic10 Hinh 10: So dd torn lupc sir chuydn hoa dudng lactose qu^ trinh len men stta 11 Hinh 11: Quy trinh san xdit stta chua d^u tu sfta dac c6 dudng d\r kidn15 Hinh 12: So dd b6 tri thi nghidm 117 Hinh 13: So dd b6 tri thi nghiem 218 Hinh 14: So b6 tri thi nghiem 319 Hinh 15: Nguyen lieu dau do21 Hinh 16: Anh hudng cua ty 1^ daumudc ddn him hrong chat trich ly thu dupe dichnudc dau do22 Hinh 17: Anh hudng cua thai gian niu dau ddn ham lugrng chit trich ly thu duqc dich nude dau do22 Hinh 18: Anh hudng cua ty daumudc din gia tri b23 Hinh 19: Anh hudng cua thdi gian nau dau den gia tr; b23 Hinh 20: Anh hudng cua ty le sua d^c c6 dudngmudc dau den ham luong chat kho hoa tan (Brix) cua san pham theo thdi gian len men26 Hinh 21: Anh hudng cua ty le sua chua Vinamilk (vi khuan lactic) den ham luong chat kho hoa tan (Brix) cua san pham theo thdi gian len men27 Hinh 22: Anh hudng cua ty le sua dac c6 dudngmudc dau dd den ham lugng acid lactic sinh qua trinh len men28 Hinh 23: Anh hudng cua ty le sua chua Vinamilk (vi khu8n lactic) den ham lucmg acid lactic sinh qua trinh len men29 Hinh 24: Anh hudng ctia CMC (ndng iQ 2%) ddn dp nhdt san pMm33 Hinh 25: Anh hudng ciia ty le hat dau bd sung ddn dp nhdt cua san phim33 Hinh 26: San pham sfta chua dau tu sua dac cd dudng36 Hinh 27: Quy trinh san xuat sua chua dau tir sila dSc cd dudng ho8n chinh37 Hinh 28: Nguyen lipu san xu^t stta chua dau tu stta dac cd dudngpel Hlnh 29: Dich nude d?u sau trich lypel Hlnh 30: Hdn hpp s&a d^c c6 dudng vk nude dau dd sau phdi chlpel Hinh 31: Sfta chua dau dd til sfta d^c cd dudng sau qua tnnh lSn menpc2 Hinh32:M^ydodQnhdtpc2 Hlnh 33: C^n dien titpc2 Hlnh 34: May m^upc2 V: s6 ml H2SO4 O,1N su dyng di chuin d mlu thii V: s6 ml H2SO4 O,1N su dung dl chuin d^ mlu tring Phircmg phap xac dinh ham lupng lipid: Phirang phap Soxhlet 5.1.Nguyen ly Dung ete nbng di h6a tan tit ck ckc chat beo tu thuc phim Sau de bay hoi hit ete, can chat beo lai \k tinh ham lugmg lipid lOOg thpc pham 5.2.Cach tien hanh Giiy lpc xip th^nh tui Can ckt kho cho vao tui giiy r6i siy din khii lupng khong dii Cho dip mlu \ko tai giiy \k can de x^c dinh khii luomg mlu Sau d6 say tui giay a nhiet dp 100 - 105C gib Di ngupi a nhipt dp phong, dua ing giiy dpng miu vao ing chiit cua bp Soxhlet Cho dung moi v^o 2/3 binh cau Cho nude lanh chay qua ing sinh hkn Dun s6i e^eh thuy den chit beo dupe cat het Thbi gian khoang - 12 gib (trong gib dung mbi trim tu bng chiit ve binh chua khong it hem - Ian vi khong nhiiu hem 8-10 lin Thu xem da hit dung moi chua bing e^eh lay vki gipt dung mbi ong, nhb len tren mat kinh ding ho, de bay hoi, neu tren bi mat khong c6 vit loang thi coi nhu da chiit xong Rut binh de bay hoi het ete b nhipt dp thubng rii cho vao tu siy 100 -r 105C gib 30 phut de duii hit ete Di ngupi binh htit im 30 phtit \k ckn 5.3.Tinh kit qua X = (Po-P)*100/m Trong d6: X: Lupng lipid tinh theo phin tram khii lupng Po: khii lupng binh ciu cb chiia chat bbo (g) P: khii lupng binh ciu kho ban diu (g) m: khbi lupng mau (g) pc6 Phu chirong C: Cac bang diem mo ta danh gia cam quan Bang 18: Bang diem mo ta danh gia cam quan hat dau Chi tieu Diem Mota 5Hat dau chin, dp mem vira phai 4Hat dau d6 chin, dp mini tuong doi 3Hat dau chin, dp mint tarn chip nhan Ciutnic 2H^t dau chin, hoi cutng hoic hoi mem 1Hat d^u d6 chin, qui cimg hoic qua mem 0Hat dau sdng hoic mini nhung Bang 19: Bang diem mo ta danh gia cam quan san pham sira chua dau tir sfra die co dudng Chi tieu Diem Mota San phim dong die, min, rit dong nhat, h^t dau phan tan rit d6u, lien kit rit tit Sin pham dong die, min, tuang doi dong nhSt, h^t d^u d6 phan tan d^u, Ii6n kit tit San pham dong die, min, kem dong nhat, h^t dau phan tan tuang dii diu, liSn kit kha tit Trang thii 2San phim kdm die, hoi min, bi tach ldp rit it, hat d^u hoi bj ling, lien ket tuang doi tot 1Sin pham k6m die, hoi min, bj tich lap nhieu, h^t dau b'\ ling nhiiu, lien kit khdng tit 0San phim khong die, bi tua, h^t dau bi ling hit xuing day, lien kit khong chip nhan dupe S Mau nau nhat cua nude dau pha sua rit dep Mau niu d6 nhat ciia nude dau pha siia dpp 3Mau nau nh^t cua nude dau pha sua tuomg doi dep Mau sic 2Miu nau nh^t cua nude dau pha sila yiu 1Khong cdn miu cua nude dau pha sila Miu l^ pc7 ,Mfti rlt therm cua sfta chua lib thorn nhp mfti cua d^u rit hftahpp 4Mui thorn cua sfta chua, thorn nhp mui dau 3Mui thorn ciia sfta chua, thoang c6 mfti dau Mui 2Mui thorn vita phM ciia sfta chua, tho^^ng c6 mfti d|u d6 1Mui thorn it cua sfta chua, khftng c6 mfti dau d6 0Mfti thorn rat ft cua sfta chua, thoang co mfti 1?, mfti cua sin phim hong 5Vj chua ngpt rat hai hfta cua sfta chua 4Vj chua ngpt hfti hfta cua sfta chua 3Vj chua ng