Tiếng Anh 6 (Sách mới). Unit 09. Cities of the world. Lesson 1. Getting started

Ta xác định được việc “gặp cô ấy” đã bắt đầu trong quá khứ nhưng không rõ là bao giờ, và biết được kết quả là đến hiện tại là “gặp được vài lần rồi”. Vì vậy ta sử dụng thì hiện tại hoà[r]

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THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH

Trung tâm ngoại ngữ MTEC – Số 2A, ngõ 52, phố Nam Dư, Lĩnh Nam, Hoàng Mai, HN Giáo viên : Nguyễn Thị Thuận Email & Facebook: nguyenthithuanbg@gmail.com

Điện thoại : 0969 953 568 Website: http://english4all.edu.vn

1

Full name : ……… Class : ………

THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH (The present perfect tense)

*Cách thành lập:

(+) S + have/has + V_ed/p2 + A/C/O (-) S + have/has + not+ V_ed/p2 + A/C/O (?) Have/Has +S +V_ed/p2 + A/C/O? Yes, S + have/has

No, S + have/has + not

Ví dụ:

*Miss Thuan has been a teacher for 20 years *I have just finished my English test

*Have you ever visited Bac Giang Province? Yes, I have

I- CẤU TRÚC THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH 1 Khẳng định:

S + have/ has + Ved/pII

Trong đó: S (subject): chủ ngữ Have/ has: trợ động từ VpII: Động từ phân từ II CHÚ Ý:

- S = I/ We/ You/ They + have - S = He/ She/ It + has

Ví dụ:

- I have graduated from my university since 2012 (Tôi tốt nghiệp đại học từ năm 2012.)

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2

2 Phủ định:

S + haven’t / hasn’t + Ved/pII

Câu phủ định hồn thành ta cần thêm “not” vào sau “have/ has”

CHÚ Ý:

- haven’t = have not; - hasn’t = has not

Ví dụ:

- We haven’t met each other for a long time (Chúng không gặp thời gian dài rồi.)

- He hasn’t come back his hometown since 1991 (Anh không quay trở lại quê hương từ năm 1991.)

3 Câu hỏi:

Have/ Has + S + Ved/pII ?

Trả lời: Yes, I/ we/ you/ they + have -Yes, he/ she/ it + has No, I/ we/ you/ they + haven't - No, he/ she/ it + hasn't

Câu hỏi hoàn thành ta cần đảo trợ động từ “have/ has” lên trước chủ ngữ, động từ theo sau dạng phân từ II

Ví dụ:

- Have you ever travelled to America? (Bạn du lịch tới Mỹ chưa?) Yes, I have./ No, I haven't

- Has she arrived London yet? (Cô tới Luân Đôn chưa?) Yes, she has./ No, she hasn't

II- CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH

1 Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ, kéo dài đến tiếp tục xảy tương lai.

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3 - I have worked for this company since 2010 (Tôi làm việc cho công ty từ năm 2010)

Ta thấy việc “làm việc cho công ty này” năm 2010 thời gian khứ kéo dài đến (đến làm việc đây) cịn tiếp tục tương lai

- She has taught English for years (Cô dạy tiếng Anh năm rồi.) Ta thấy việc “dạy tiếng Anh” bắt đầu cách năm, tiếp tục đến cịn tiếp tục tương lai

2 Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ không xác định, muốn nhấn mạnh vào kết quả.

Ví dụ:

- I have met her several times (Tôi gặp cô vài lần rồi.)

Ta xác định việc “gặp cô ấy” bắt đầu khứ không rõ bao giờ, biết kết đến “gặp vài lần rồi” Vì ta sử dụng hồn thành

- She has written three letters for her friend (Cô viết thư cho bạn mình.)

Ta thấy việc “viết thư” bắt đầu khứ không rõ kết “viết thư” nên ta sử dụng hồn thành để nói

III- CÁCH THÀNH LẬP ĐỘNG TỪ PHÂN TỪ II TRONG THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH

1 Động từ theo quy tắc ta thêm “ed” vào sau động từ.

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4 - Ví du: watch – watched turn – turned want – wanted * Chú ý thêm đuôi “-ed” vào sau động từ

+ Động từ tận “e” -> ta cần cộng thêm “d”

Ví dụ: type – typed smile – smiled agree – agreed

+ Động từ có MỘT âm tiết, tận MỘT phụ âm, trước phụ âm MỘT nguyên âm -> ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối thêm “-ed”

Ví dụ: stop – stopped shop – shopped tap – tapped

NGOẠI LỆ: commit – committed travel – travelled prefer - preferred + Động từ tận “y”:

- Nếu trước “y” MỘT nguyên âm (a,e,i,o,u) ta cộng thêm “ed” Ví dụ: play – played stay - stayed

- Nếu trước “y” phụ âm (còn lại ) ta đổi “y” thành “i + ed” Ví dụ: study – studied cry – cried

2 Động từ bất quy tắc.

Một số động từ bất quy tắc ta khơng thêm “ed” vào sau động từ (ta học thuộc bảng động từ bất quy tắc cột

Ví dụ: go – gone see – seen buy - bought

IV- DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH Trong câu có trạng từ:

- already (đã ) - never (chưa bao giờ) - ever (đã từng) - yet (chưa) - just (vừa mới) - so far (cho đến bây giờ) - recently (gần đây) - lately (gần đây)

- up to now, up to present, up to this moment: Cho tới tận - in/ for/ during/ over + the past/ last + thời gian: … qua

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THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH

5 - Since + mốc thời gian: từ, kể từ … (since 2000: kể từ năm 2000)

Nếu sau “since” mệnh đề mệnh đề trước since chia hồn thành cịn mệnh đề sau since chia q khứ đơn

Ví dụ: I have studied English since I was a child (Tôi học tiếng Anh kể từ tơi cịn nhỏ.)

- for + khoảng thời gian: được, vòng … (for months: vòng tháng)

- It is/ This is + the + số thứ tự (first, second, …) + time + mệnh đề chia hồn thành: Đó/ Đây lần thứ …

* Vị trí trạng từ hồn thành:

- already, never, ever,just: sau “have/ has” đứng trước động từ phân từ II - already: đứng cuối câu

Ví du: I have just come back home (Tơi vừa nhà.)

- Yet: đứng cuối câu, thường sử dụng câu phủ định nghi vấn Ví dụ: She hasn’t told me about you yet (Cô chưa kể với bạn.)

- so far, recently, lately, up to present, up to this moment, in/ for/ during/ over + the past/ last + thời gian: Có thể đứng đầu cuối câu

Ví dụ: I have seen this film recently (Tôi xem phim gần đây.)

A So sánh When ? (+ Quá khứ đơn) How long ? (+ hoàn thành) Chúng ta xét ví dụ sau:

- A: When did it start raining? Trời mưa từ vậy?

B: It started raining an hour ago / at o'clock.Trời bắt đầu mưa cách giờ/ lúc 1h

- A: How long has it been raining? Trời mưa lâu chưa?

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6 - A: When did Joe and Carol first meet? Joe Carol gặp lần đầu nào? B: They first met a long time ago / when they were at school

Họ gặp lần đầu lâu rồi/ họ học

- A: How long have Joe and Carol known each other? Joe Carol biết rồi?

B: They've known each other for a long time / since they were at school Họ biết từ lâu rồi/ từ họ học

B Cách sử dụng for since

Chúng ta sử dụng for since để nói việc xảy

 Chúng ta sử dụng for nói khoảng thời gian (ví dụ two hours, six weeks, )

 - I've been waiting for two hours  Tôi chờ hai tiếng đồng hồ

 - Sally's been working here for six months (khơng nói "since six months") Sally làm việc tháng

 Chúng ta sử dụng since đề cập tới bắt đầu khoảng thời gian (ví dụ 8 o'clock, Monday, 1995, )

 - I've been waiting since o'clock  Tôi chờ từ 8h

 - Sally's been working here since April (= tháng Tư giờ) Sally làm việc từ tháng Tư

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7  - They've been maried (for) ten years (có sử dụng for hay không được)

 Họ cưới 10 năm

 - They haven't had holiday for ten years (bạn phải sử dụng for câu này) Mười năm qua họ chưa nghỉ lần

 Chúng ta không sử dụng for + all (all day, all my life, )  - I've lived here all my life (khơng nói "for all my life")

Tôi sống đời

C Cấu trúc It's (a long time/ two years ) since something happened

- It's two years since I last saw Joe (= I haven't seen for two years = Tôi không gặp Joe hai năm rồi/Lần cuối gặp Joe cách hai năm)

Đã hai năm từ gặp Joe lần cuối

- It's ages since we went to cinema (= We haven't been to cinema for ages = Chúng không xem phim nhiều năm rồi)

Đã nhiều năm không xem phim

Thể nghi vấn cho cấu trúc là: How long is it since ?

- How long is it since you last saw Joe ? = When did you last see Joe?

Bạn gặp Joe lần cuối nào? - How long is it since Mrs Hill die? = When did Mrs Hill die?

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8 V- BÀI TẬP THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH

Bài 1: Dùng 'since' 'for' để hoàn thành câu trả lời

1 How long have you lived in the United States? - I have lived in the United States …… one year

2 How long has Mary been a nurse? - She has been a nurse ………… April How long has Karen known Tom? - She has known Tom …… 1979

4 How long have they studied English? - They have studied English …… a few months How long has Karen played tennis? - She has played tennis ……… a long time How long has he worn glasses? - He has worn glasses 1975

7 How long has Emily played the piano? - She has played the piano ……… high school How long will you be on vacation? - I will be on vacation………… three weeks How long have you driven a car? - I have driven a car ………….my birthday

10 How long has Ron had his new computer? - He has had his new computer ……… last month

11 How long has she owned the book shop? - She has owned the book shop ……… ten years

12 How long has Gary played football? - He has played football ………… several years

13 How long have your friends been in town? - They have been in town ……… Monday 14 How long has Mrs Smith lived on Clark Street? - She has lived on Clark Street …… many years

15 How long has the post office been closed? - It has been closed ……… five o'clock Bài 2:Write “for” or “since”:

1 It's been raining since lunchtime

2 Sarah has lived in Paris ……… 1995 Paul has lived in London ……… ten years

4 I'm tired of waiting We've been sitting here ……… an hour Kevin has been looking for a job ……… he left school I haven't been to a party ages

7 I wonder where Joe is I haven't seen him ………… last week Jane is away She's been away ……… Friday

9 The weather is dry It hasn't rained a few weeks

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9 It's raining

(how long) How long has it been raining? (when) When did it start raining?

2 Kate is learning Japanese

(how long/learn) (when/start) I known Simon

(how long/ you/know) (when/you/first/meet) Rebecca and David are married

(How long) (When)

Bài 4: Read the situations and complete the sentences.

1 It is raining It's been raining since lunchtime

=>It started raining at lunchtime

2 Ann and Sue are friends.They first met years ago

They've known each other for years Joe is ill He became ill a few days ago

He has a few days Liz is married She's been married for a year

She got You have a headache It started when you woke up

I've I woke up Sue has been in Italy for the last three weeks

She went You've working in a hotel You started sis months ago

I've

Bài 5: Write B's sentences using the words in brackets.

1 A: Do you often go on holiday?

B: (no/five years) No, I haven't had a holiday for five years A: Do you often see Sarah?

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10 B: (no/a long time) A: Do you often eat in restaurants?

B: (no/ages) No, I Now write B's answers again This time use

It's since ……… 5(1) No, it's five years since had a holiday

6(2) No, 7(3)

8(4) No, it's

Bài 6: Cho dạng động từ ngoặc:

1 She already ( watch) this movie He (write) his report yet?

3 We (travel) to New York lately They (not give) his decision yet

5 Tracy ( not see) her friend for years I (be) to London three times

7 It (rain) since I stopped my work This is the second time I (meet) him They (walk) for more than hours 10 You (get) married yet?

Bài 7: Viết lại câu cho nghĩa không đổi sử dụng từ gợi ý ngoặc: She started to live in Hanoi years ago (for)

-> ……… He began to study English when he was young (since)

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11 I have never eaten this kind of food before (This is)

-> ……… I have never seen such a beautiful girl before (She is)

-> ……… This is the best novel I have ever read (before)

-> ……… 8: Chia

I have not worked today We (buy) a new lamp We (not / plan) our holiday yet Where (be / you) ? He (write) five letters She (not /

see) him for a long time (be / you) at school? School (not /

start) yet (speak / he) to his boss? No, he (have / not) the time yet

1) I my Maths homework yesterday (to do) 2) Susan to England by plane? (to go) 3) They a farm two weeks ago (to visit)

4) Jenny and Peggy their brother (not/to help)

5) The children at home last weekend (not/to be) 6) When you this wonderful skirt? (to design) 7) My mother into the van (not/to crash)

8) The boys the mudguards of their bicycles (to take off 9) you your aunt last week? (to phone)

10) He milk at school (not/to drink)

11) The police two people early this morning (to arrest)

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12 13) Dan two tablets this year (already/to buy)

14) How many games so far this season? (your team/to win) 15) the CN Tower when you in Toronto? (you/to visit - to stay)

16) your homework yet? – Yes, I it an hour ago (you/to - to finish)

17) There an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your school (to be)

18) I Peter since I last Tuesday (not/to see - to arrive) 19) Frank his bike last May So he it for months (to get - to have)

20) I'm sorry, I earlier, but I .a lot lately (not/to write - to work)

21) Peter football yesterday.(play)

22) They the car It looks new again (repaint) 23) Last year we to Italy.(go)

24) John and Peggy reading the book Now they can watch the film.(finish)

25) I my friend two days ago (meet) 26) We another country before (visit) 27) She a new car in 2011 (buy)

28) I'm sorry, but I my homework (not/ do) 29) the game of chess? (play)

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13 33) Nina her leg She is still in hospital (to break)

34) He here all his life (to live)

35) Colin for Brazil this morning (to leave)

36) Last winter Robin with his father in the Alps for three days (to stay) 37) Ellen with her left hand (always/to write)

38) She a language course in Paris last summer (to do) 39) anyone yet? (to phone)

40) I Paul today, but I him last Sunday 41) They all the new words They needn't worry about the test (to learn)

42) Three people him in hospital last Friday (to visit)

43) Martin for 50 miles on scenic routes three weeks ago (to cycle) 44) We chicken Tandoori before (never/to try)

45) a job yet? (you/to find)

46) Emily and Molly each other for more than 10 years now (to know)

47) First he to the announcement, then he to a café for a drink (to listen - to go) 48) She late four times this week (to be )

49) What's that lovely smell in here? - Jasmin a yummy cake (to bake) 50) The Titanic an iceberg in 1912 and within

Bài 10: Hoàn thành động từ ngoặc với hồn thành I have not worked today

2 We (buy) a new lamp

3 We (not / plan) our holiday yet Where (be / you) ?

5 He (write) five letters

6 She (not / see) him for a long time (be / you) at school?

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14 10 No, he (have / not) the time yet

Bài 11: Hoàn thành câu sau với Quá khứ đơn

1) I my Maths homework yesterday (to do) 2) Susan to England by plane? (to go) 3) They a farm two weeks ago (to visit) 4) Jenny and Peggy their brother (not/to help) 5) The children at home last weekend (not/to be) 6) When you this wonderful skirt? (to design) 7) My mother into the van (not/to crash)

8) The boys the mudguards of their bicycles (to take off) 9) you your aunt last week? (to phone) 10) He milk at school (not/to drink)

**Lưu ý: Trong đề thi thì khứ đơn hồn thành thường cho nhiều dễ bị nhầm lẫn, thường phải phân biệt thông qua thời gian câu

Hiện hoàn thành: already, not yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recenthy, before

(+) S + have/has + V_ed/p2 + A/C/O

(-) S + have/has + not+ V_ed/p2 + A/C/O

(?) Have/Has +S +V_ed/p2 + A/C/O?

Yes, S + have/has

No, S + have/has + not

Quá khứ đơn: yesterday, yesterday morning, last week, las month, last year, last night…

a)Đối với động từ “TO E”:

(+) S + was/ were + A/C(bổ ngữ) (-) S + was/ were + not + A/C (?)Was/ Were +S + A/C? Yes, S + was/ were No, S + was/ were + not

b)Đối với động từ thường (V):

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15

No, S + did + not

Bài tập 12: Hoàn thành tập câu sau với hoàn thành và khứ đơn

1) The police two people early this morning (to arrest) 2) She to Japan but now she back (to go - to come) 3) Dan two tablets this year (already/to buy)

4) How many games so far this season? (your team/to win)

5) the CN Tower when you in Toronto? (you/to visit - to stay)

6) your homework yet? – Yes, I it an hour ago (you/to - to finish) 7) There an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your school (to be)

8) I Peter since I last Tuesday (not/to see - to arrive)

9) Frank his bike last May So he it for months (to get - to have) 10) I'm sorry, I earlier, but I a lot lately (not/to write - to work) Bài tập 13:

1) Peter (play) football yesterday

2) They (just/ wash) the car It looks new again

3) Last year we (go) to Italy

4) John and Peggy (just/ finish) reading the book Now they can watch the film

5) I (meet) my friend two days ago

6) We (never/ visit) another country before 7) She (buy) a new car in 2011

8) I'm sorry, but I (do) my homework 9)You (play) the game of chess?

10) The girls (not/ have) their lunch yet

1……… 2……… 3……… 4……… 5……… 6……… 7……… 8……… 9……… 10………

Bài tập 14:

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16 2) Columbus in the New World in 1492 (to arrive)

3) Nina her leg She is still in hospital (to break) 4) He here all his life (to live)

5) Colin for Brazil this morning (to leave)

6) Last winter Robin with his father in the Alps for three days (to stay) 7) Ellen with her left hand (always/to write)

8) She a language course in Paris last summer (to do) 9) anyone yet? (to phone)

10) I Paul today, but I him last Sunday Bài tập 15:

1) They all the new words They needn't worry about the test (to learn) 2) Three people him in hospital last Friday (to visit) 3) Martin for 50 miles on scenic routes three weeks ago (to cycle) 4) We chicken Tandoori before (never/to try)

5) a job yet? (you/to find)

6) Emily and Molly each other for more than 10 years now (to know) 7) First he to the announcement, then he to a café for a drink (to listen - to go)

8) She late four times this week (to be)

9) What's that lovely smell in here? - Jasmin a yummy cake (to bake) 10) The Titanic (hit) an iceberg in 1912 and (sink) within three hours

BÀI TẬP SINCE/FOR

Bài 1: Điền vào chỗ trống với since/for She's lived here _ 1975

2 He's been in London _ five days

3 They haven't been used _ many years She's been working _ nine this morning I haven't eaten _ hours

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17 India has been independant _ 1947

8 They have been married _ October

9 How many years is it _ you graduated from junior high school? 10 We have been waiting _ twenty minutes

Bài Điền cụm từ với “for”, “since” “ago”

1 The phone last rang at four o’clock ~ So you’ve had no calls ……… ? I haven’t been to the dentist for ten years ~ You last went to the dentist ………… ?

3 I last saw Rita on Sunday ~ Haven’t you seen her ? We’ve had six weeks without rain ~ Yes, it hasn’t rained It’s three years since Lisa got married ~ Really? Has she been

married………?

6 It’s eight months since my sister had any work ~ He lost his job ?

7 Mrs rown was taken ill three weeks ago ~ You mean she’s been ill ………, and nobody’s told me!

8 I got here an hour ago ~ What! You mean you’ve been waiting ……… an hour? 9- I have not seen him……… he was 16

10- I've known him ……… ages

11- Things have changed a lot……….our previous meeting 12- It's been raining……….four o'clock

13- I'm sure he's been watching us ……….we came in 14- He'd been here……….over an hour when we arrived

15- I've been trying to fix this computer……….early this morning 16- He hasn't had anything to eat……….nearly a week

17- It's three years……….he started learning German

18- He's been collecting stamps……….the past twenty years 19 Nobody has seen him……….last Friday

20 It has been foggy……….some days 21 He has been fishing……….six o'clock

22 They've been living in France ……….eight years 23 The pilots have been on strike……….two months 24 We've had terrible weather……….Saturday 25 I've known Tom……….1990

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18 27 She hasn't lost a match……….April

28 Things have changed……….she's become headmaster 29 The police have been looking for him……….a month 30 Our dog has been ill……….two days

31 I've been looking for this book……….a long time 32 I've been working……….I got up

33 The kettle has been boiling……….ten minutes 34 They have been living in Madrid ……… 1972 35 He has been in prison……… four years

36 He has known about the fact ……….a long time

37 Conditions have changed a lot ……….we were children 38 Our teacher has been very ill ……….the last month 39 I haven't eaten anything ……….twenty-four hours

40 In fact he is always very rude We have been waiting for him ………… half an hour 41 I haven't seen him for three years It is because I haven't been there………… I left school

42 I have been trying to mend this old fashioned car……… hours

43 One of my friends has been teaching in Tokyo……… three years I haven't met him since last year

44 I haven't enjoyed myself……….two weeks since I heard that my final exam grades were low

45 I know that you have never seen a lion……… you were born Then now I say that we can go to the zoo and see one

46 The police have been looking for him for two weeks……… he escaped from the prison

47 He hasn't spoken to me even a word ………… the last meeting 48 I haven't phoned him ………a week

49 He has been the principal of our high school ………1988 49 Dean has been learning Japanese ……… two years

50 I have been waiting ………….4 o'clock

51 Sue has only been waiting ……… 20 minutes

52 Tim and Tina have been learning English …………six years 53 Fred and Frida have been learning French ………1998

(19)

19 55 I haven't been on holiday ……….last July

56 Mary has been saving her money ………….many years 57 I haven't eaten anything ……….breakfast

58 You have been watching TV …………hours 59 We have been living here ………2 months

60 What have you been doing _ we last spoke? 61 What has changed in your life _ you moved here? 62 I have been working full-time _ several weeks now 63 Donald hasn't wanted to talk to me _ our argument 64 Tony Swanson has been with the company _ 25 years

65 The little girl was hungry because she hadn’t eaten anything _ a while 66 Puerto Ricans have been migrating to the United States _ over a century 67 Human beings have sought to know the unimaginable _ the beginning of time

68 It is believed that everything in the universe has existed _ the Big Bang 15 billion years ago

69 Is there a family member who has a talent that has been in your family _ several generations?

70 The weather is dry It hasn't rained……….a few weeks 71 It's been raining……….lunchtime

72 Sarah has lived in Paris……….1995 73 Paul has lived in London……….10 years

74 I'm tired of waiting We've been sitting here……….an hour 75 Kevin has been looking for a job……….he left school

76 I haven't been to a party ……….ages

77 I wonder where Joe is I haven't seen him ……….last week 78 Jane is away She's been away……….Friday

79) We're going to France a month next summer

80) Beckett's Ice Cream Shop has been in business 1942 81) We've lived in this house five years

82) Jim has had a cold _ last Thursday and hasn't been able to go to work 83) No wonder Seth is tired He hasn't slept 24 hours!

(20)

20 86) I haven't been to St Petersburg 1995

87) How long are you here ?

88) Meg has worked at IBM ten years 89 I have been working here …………a fortnight 90 He has been ill………… Monday

91 Sarah's father has been a policeman …………20 years 92 David has had a driving licence………… 1980

93 He has been Prime Minister …………six months 94 You've been on the phone …………half an hour 95 They have lived here …………five years

96 He has been unemployed …………April 97 It hasn't snowed …………1993

98 He has smoked a pipe …………20 years

99 The pizza has been in the oven………… 10 minutes 100 I have been waiting for you …………2 hours 101 They haven't seen him……….Monday 102 We haven't met them……….your birthday

103 I haven't heard from them ……….they were here 104 She has been married ……….some years

105 I haven't talked to them……….we last met you 106 He hasn't won any race……….Easter

107 We haven't been to any party……….three months 108 I haven't talked to her……….January

109 They have been living in this house……….many years 110 I haven't received any letters ………I moved to this place 111 She has lived in that city……….at least twenty years 112 ……….2005 she has been attending this school 113 ……….June she has been working here

114 It hasn't rained ……….March

115 ……….Christmas she has been staying in this house 116 I have not seen her………… last summer

117 We have not met …………the end of the war 118 He has been in Paris …………about two weeks

(21)

21 120 He has not had an accident …………the day he took out a comprehensive policy 121 I have only had this computer …………3 weeks

122 I have not heard from him …………my birthday 123 He stayed in Europe …………less than a year 124.- We've been waiting for the train _ noon 125 - I haven't seen them _ last week

126 - I've been working here _ the beginning of the year 127 - She's been sick _ over a week

128 - He's been learning English _ a long time

129 - I've been working in this bank _ I graduated university 130 - My daugher has been playing piano _ she was ten years old 131 - You've been studying _ three hours

132 - He's lived in this apartment _ he was a young man 133 - She can run _ two hours without a break

134 - I haven't seen any of them _ I was in the army 135 - The rain lasted _ over five hours

136 - I haven't slept _ hours

137 - _ when have your parents let you borrow their car? 138 - We haven't been to the cinema ages

Bài : Chọn for since điền vào chỗ trống She has been there (for/since) four days

2 I have known Linda (for/since) two years Jack has stayed here (for/since) Thursday

4 My aunt has lived in Australia (for/since) 15 years We have had a camera (for/since) 1995

6 They have been married (for/since) six months Liz has studied medicine (for/since) a long time It has rained (for/since) an hour

9 Indian has been an independent country (for/since) 1947 10.Mike has been ill (for/since) a long time

(22)

22 Bài 1: Chia động từ hồn thành

1 There is no more cheese I (eat)……… it all, I’m afraid The bill isn’t right They (make)………… a mistake

3 Don’t you want to see this programme? It ………….(start) It’ll soon get warm in here I (turn)……… the heating on ………They (pay)…… money for your mother?

6 Someone (take)……… my bicycle

7 Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish)……… my dinner ………You ever (eat)………… Sushi?

9 She (not/come)……… here for a long time 10 I (work………… ) here for three years

11 ………… You ever ………… (be) to New York? 12 You (not/do) ………….yor project yet, I suppose

13 I just (see)……… Andrew and he says he …… already (do)……… about half of the plan

14 I ……… just (decide)……… to start working next week 15 He (be)………… at his computer for seven hours 16 She (not/have) ………any fun a long time

17 My father (not/ play)……… any sport since last year

18 I’d better have a shower I (not/have)……… one since Thursday

19 I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)………… each other for five years 20 I…… just (realize)………… that there are only four weeks to the end of term 21 The train drivers (go)……… on strike and they stopped working at twelve o’clock 22 How long…… (you/know)……… each other?

(23)

23 25 He (live) ………….here all his life

26 Is this the second time he (lose)……… his job ?

27 How many bottles………… the milkman (leave) ………….? He (leave) ……… six 28 I (buy)………… a new carpet Come and look at it

29 She (write)………… three poems about her fatherland 30 We (finish) ………three English courses

Bài 2: Chuyển đổi từ hoàn thành sang khứ đơn (và ngược lại)

1 Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:

1) This is the first time he went abroad

=> He hasn’t……… 2) She started driving month ago

=> She has……… 3) We began eating when it started to rain

=> We have……… 4) I last had my hair cut when I left her

=> I haven’t……… 5) The last time she kissed me was months ago

=> She hasn’t……… 6) It is a long time since we last met

=> We haven’t……… 7) When did you have it ?

=> How long ……… ? 8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal

=> I haven’t……… 9) I haven’t seen him for days

(24)

24 10) I haven’t taken a bath since Monday

=> It is ………

2 Chia động từ ngoặc simple past present perfect:

1) We (studied) ………a very hard lesson the day before yesterday………

2) We (have studied) ………almost every lesson in this book so far………

3) We (have never watched)……… that television program ……… 4) We (watched) ……… an interesting program on television last night ………

5) My wife and I ……….……(had travelled) by air many times in the past 6) My wife and I (travelled)……… to Mexico by air last summer 7) I (have read) ………that novel by Hemingway sevaral times before 8) I (read) ……….that novel again during my last vacation

9) I (had) ……….a little trouble with my car last week

10) However,I (have )……… no trouble with my car since then 11) I (have ) ……… this toy since my birthday

12) We (live )……….in HN for ten years now and like it a lot 13) The last time I (go) ………to HN was in May

14) When my parents were on holiday I ( stay)……… with my aunt for a week 15) I (not see ) my son for ages He (not visit ) ……… me since May 16) Tom ( be) ……….to HN twice He loves it very much

17) My sister (work ) ………for an enterprise for two years That was after college

18) I (move)……… to HN in 2001 I (be ) ………….there a long time now 19) It was so cold today that I (wear)……… a sweater at school

(25)

25 21) When I was young I (meet )………… him three times

22) In the past few years ,it (become )………… more and more difficult to get into university

23) I (feel )………better since I ( live) ……….here

24) Since I (be ) ………in this city I ( not see)……… him

3 Khoanh tròn đáp án

1 When the school?

A) have you joined B) did you joined

C) did you join D) have you ever joined _ in England?

A) Did you ever worked B) Have you ever worked

C) Worked you D) Didn't you have worked That's the best speech _

B) I never heard B) I didn't hear

C) I used to hear D) I've ever heard He's the most difficult housemate _

A) I never dealt with B) I never had to deal with

C) I've ever had to deal with D) I've never had to deal with to him last week

A) I spoke B) I've already spoken

C) I didn't spoke D) I speaked _a contract last year and it is still valid

A) We have signed B) We signed

C) We haven't signed D) We have sign from a business trip to France

(26)

26

C) I never came back D) I've just come back Prices in 1995 but then _ in 1996

A) rised _ falled B) rose _ fell

C) have risen _ have fallen D) rose _ have fallen You to a word

A) listened _ I haven't said B) didn't listen _ I say

C) listened _ saying D) haven't listened _ I've said back 10 I can't believe that the news

A) you haven't read B) you didn't read

C) you don't read D) you read not

Đáp án: Bài 1:

1 have made/ 've made 16 hasn't played has started./ 's started 17 haven't had have turned/ 've turned 18 haven't seen

4 Have they paid 19 have realized/ 've realized

5 has taken/ 's taken 20 have gone have finished/ 've finished 21 have known Have eaten 22 Have taken

(27)

27 11 haven't done 26 have left - has left/ 's left

12 have just seen/ 've just seen - has done 27 have bought/ 've bought 13 have decided 28 has written/ 's written 14 has been/ 's been 29 have finished/ 've finished 15 hasn't had 30 hasn't started

Bài 2:

1 It is/ This is the first time she has ever drunk whisky It is/ This isthe first time he has ever known me We've never visited Ha Long Bay before

4 She hasn't kissed me for months./ She hasn't kissed me since months ago I haven't had my hair cut since I left her

6 We haven't met for a long time

Bài tập viết lại câu hồn thành khứ đơn

1.Samuel started keeping a diary in 1997

 Samuel has _ 2.We started leaming English fìve years ago

 We have _ 3.I began living in Ho Chi Minh City when I was

 I have _ 4.She has taught the children in this remote village for five months

 She started _ 5.He has written to me since April

 The last time 6.She hasn’t had a swim for five years

(28)

28 7.They last talked to each other two months ago

 They haven’t 8.The last time she saw her elder sister was in 1999

 She hasn’t 9.She hasn’t written to me for years

 It’s years _ 10 Robert and Catherine have been married for ten ỵears

 It’s ten years 11 It’s two weeks since they deaned their room

 They 12 It’s over six months since John had his hair cut

 John 13 How long is it since you rode a bicyde?

 When _ 14 How long is it since he wrote to ỵou?

 When _ 15 When did he last talk to you?

 How long _ 16 When did you last telephone him?

 Hong long _ 17 We have never eaten this kind of food before

 It’s the 18 This is the fìrst time I have seen this fìlm

 I have never 19 This is the first time he went abroad

 He hasn’t 20 She started driving month ago

 She has 21 We began eating when it started to rain

 We have _ 22 I last had my hair cut when I left her

 I haven’t _ 23 The last time she kissed me was months ago

(29)

29

 We haven’t _ 25 When did you have it ?

 How long 26 This is the first time I had such a delicious meal

 I haven’t 27 I haven’t seen him for days

 The last _ 28 I haven’t taken a bath since Monday

 It is 29 It's years since I had a punture

 I have

30 It's months since he earned any money

 He has

31 He last shaved the day before yesterday

 He hasn’t

32 I last drank champagne at my brother's wedding

 I haven’t

33 It's years since I was last in Rome

 I haven’t _

34 I saw Tom last on his wedding day

 I haven’t _

35 I last ate raw fish when I was in Japan

 I haven’t _

36 It's years since Mary last spoke French

 Mary hasn’t _

37 It's ten weeks since since I last had a good night sleep

 I haven’t _

38 He last paid taxes in 1970

 He hasn’t _

39 I last ate meat years ago

 I haven’t _

40 It's months since since the windows were cleaned

 The windows haven’t _

41 It's years since I took photographs

(30)

30 42 I last watched TV on new years's day

 I haven’t

43 It's months since he wrote to me

 He hasn’t _

44 The last time I was aboard was in the summer of 1978

 I haven’t

45 It's ten years since that house was lived in

 That house

46 I haven't seen him for months

 I last _

47 I haven't been to a concert for over a year

 The last time

48 The last time I really enjoyed myself was your birthday party

 I haven’t

49 It's nearly 20 years since my father saw his brother

 My father hasn’t

50 When did you learn to drive?

 How long is it

51 The last time I went swimming was when we were in Spain

 I haven’t

52 You haven't tidied this room for weeks

 It’s weeks _

53 We started looking for a flat months ago and we are still looking

 We have

54 This is the first time I've been to a night club

 I haven’t

55 They have never heard such a thing before

 This is the first time

56 Noone has challenged his authority before

 This is the first time

57 She left university years ago

 It is _

58 My mother was the most warm-hearted person I've ever known

 I have _

(31)

31

 It is _

60 It stared to rain at o'clock

 It has

61 I have never been to the ballet before

 It is

62 John and Mary moved to Edinburgh twenty years ago

 It is

63 The police started looking for him two months ago

 For two months now the

64 I have never seen a dirtier-looking dog

 This is

65 Mary rang hours and hours ago

 It it hours _

66 It is ages since Alan visited his parents

 Alan _

67 John has not had his hair cut for over six months

 It is

68 I has never seen such a beautiful building

 It's the most _

69 I have never read such a romantic story

 This is the most 70 They had never had such a cold winter

 It was the _ 71 You will never meet anyone more dangerous than Mrs Jones

 Mr Jones is the most 72 Man has never had such efficient servants as computer

 Computer is the most 73 I haven't played football since 2000

 The last time _ 74 I haven't been to HCM city for years

 The last time _ 75 I 've never met such a famous person before

 It is the first time 76 She hasn't seen that boy here before

(32)

32

77 She hasn't written to us since last year

 The last time _ 78 She started to learn E years ago

 It’s _ 79 He hasn't laughed so much for ages

 It’s _ 80 I haven't enjoyed myself so much for years

 It’s _ 81 The telephone rang for hours

 It’s hours 82 I haven't seen him for ages

 It’s _ 83 I have learned English for four years

 We started _ 84 Ly’s father started to stop smoking last year

 Ly’s father _ 85 The editor hasn’t written to Mai for a month

 The editor last _ 86 How long have you learned spanish?

How long ago _

VI- ĐÁP ÁN

Bài 1:

1 For Since Since For For Since Since For Since 10 Since 11 For 12 For 13 Since 14 For 15 Since

Bài 2:

2 since for for since for since since for

Bài 3:

2 How long has Kate been learning Japanese? When did Kate start learning Japanese?

(33)

33 When did you first meet Simon?

4 How long have Rebecca and David been married? When did Rebecca and David get married?

Bài 4:

3 He has been ill since Sunday He has been ill for a few days She got married a year ago

6 I've had a headache since I woke up She went ti Italy three weeks ago

8 I've been working in a hotel for six months

Bài 5:

2 No, I haven't seen Sarad for about a month No, I haven't been to the cinema for a long time No, I haven't eaten in a restaurant for ages No, it's about a month since last Sarad

7 No, it's a long time since I went to the cinema No, it's ages since I ate in a restaurant

Bài 6:

1 She already ( watch) this movie (Cô xem phim rồi.) - has already watched

2 He (write) his report yet? (Anh viết báo cáo chưa?) - Has he written

3 We (travel) to New York lately (Chúng du lịch tới New York gần đây.) - have travelled

4 They (not give) their decision yet (Họ chưa đưa định.) - haven’t given

5 Tracy ( not see) her friend for years (Tracy không gặp bạn cô vòng năm.)

(34)

34 I (be) to London three times (Tôi tới Luân Đôn lần rồi.)

- have been

7 It (rain) since I stopped my work (Trời mưa kể từ lúc dừng công việc mình.) - has rained

8 This is the second time I (meet) him (Đây lần gặp anh ấy.) - have met

9 They (walk) for more than hours (Họ tiếng đồng hồ.) - have walked

10 You (get) married yet? (Bạn kết hôn chưa?) - have you got

Bài 7:

1 She started to live in Hanoi years ago (for) (Cô bắt đầu sống Hà Nội cách đây năm.)

-> She has lived in Hanoi for years (Cô sống Hà Nội năm rồi.)

2 He began to study English when he was young (since) (Anh bắt đầu học tiếng Anh anh trẻ.)

-> He studied English since he was young (Anh học tiếng Anh kể từ anh trẻ.)

3 I have never eaten this kind of food before (This is) (Trước chưa ăn loại thức ăn này.)

-> This is the first time I have ever eaten this kind of food (Đây lần từng ăn loại thức ăn này.)

4 I have never seen such a beautiful girl before (She is) (Trước chưa gặp cô gái đẹp vậy.)

(35)

35 This is the best novel I have ever read (before) (Đây tiểu thuyết hay mà đọc.)

-> I have never read such a good novel before (Trước chưa đọc cuốn tiểu thuyết hay vậy.)

Bài

1 I have not worked today We have bought a new lamp

3 We have not planned our holiday yet Where have you been ?

5 He has written five letters

6 She has not seen him for a long time Have you been at school?

8 School has not started yet Has he spoken to his boss?

10 No, he has not had the time yet Bài 9:

1 I did my Maths homework yesterday Did Susan go to England by plane? They visited a farm two weeks ago

4 Jenny and Peggy did not help their brother The children were not at home last weekend When did you design this wonderful skirt? My mother did not crash into the van

8 The boys took off the mudguards of their bicycles

(36)

36 10 The police arrested two people early this morning

11 She went to Japan but now she has come back 12 Dan has already bought two tablets this year

13 How many games has your team won so far this season? 14 Did you visit the CN Tower when you stayed in Toronto? 15 Have you done your homework yet?

16 Yes, I finished it an hour ago

17 There has been an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your school

18 I have not seen Peter since I arrived last Tuesday

19 Frank got his bike last May So he has had it for months

20 I'm sorry, I have not written earlier, but I have worked a lot lately Peter played football yesterday

21 They have cleaned the car

22 It looks new again Last year we went to Italy 23 John and Peggy have just read the book 24 Now they can watch the film

25 I met my friend two days ago

26 We have never visited another country before 27 She bought a new car in 2011

28 I'm sorry, but I have forgotten my homework 29 Did you win the game of chess?

30 The girls have not eaten their lunch yet

(37)

37 33 Nina has broken her leg She is still in hospital

34 He has lived here all his life 35 Colin left for Brazil this morning

36 Last winter Robin stayed with his father in the Alps for three days 37 Ellen has always written with her left hand

38 She did a language course in Paris last summer 39 Has anyone phoned yet?

40 I have not seen Paul today, but I saw him last Sunday

ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC TRONG TIẾNG ANH Biên soạn: ThS Nguyễn Thị Thuận Email:nguyenthithuanbg@gmail.com

ĐT: 0969 953 568 Website: http://english4all.edu.vn Phần 1: ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC

abide abode/abided abode / abided lưu trú, lưu lại

arise arose arisen phát sinh

awake awoke awoken đánh thức, thức

(38)

38

bear bore borne mang, chịu dựng

become became become trở nên

befall befell befallen xảy đến

begin began begun bắt đầu

behold beheld beheld ngắm nhìn

bend bent bent bẻ cong

beset beset beset bao quanh

bespeak bespoke bespoken chứng tỏ

bid bid bid trả giá

bind bound bound buộc, trói

bleed bled bled chảy máu

blow blew blown thổi

break broke broken đập vỡ

breed bred bred nuôi, dạy dỗ

bring brought brought mang đến

broadcast broadcast broadcast phát

build built built xây dựng

burn burnt/burned burnt/burned đốt, cháy

(39)

39

cast cast cast ném, tung

catch caught caught bắt, chụp

chide chid/ chided chid/ chidden/ chided mắng chửi

choose chose chosen chọn, lựa

cleave clove/ cleft/ cleaved cloven/ cleft/ cleaved chẻ, tách hai

cleave clave cleaved dính chặt

come came come đến, đến

cost cost cost có giá

crow crew/crewed crowed gáy (gà)

cut cut cut cắt, chặt

deal dealt dealt giao thiệp

dig dug dug

dive dove/ dived dived lặn; lao xuống

drew drew drawn vẽ; kéo

dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed mơ thấy

drink drank drunk uống

drive drove driven lái xe

dwell dwelt dwelt trú ngụ,

(40)

40

fall fell fallen ngã; rơi

feed fed fed cho ăn; ăn; nuôi;

feel felt felt cảm thấy

fight fought fought chiến đấu

find found found tìm thấy; thấy

flee fled fled chạy trốn

fling flung flung tung; quang

fly flew flown bay

forbear forbore forborne nhịn

forbid forbade/ forbad forbidden cấm đoán; cấm

forecast forecast/ forecasted forecast/ forecasted tiên đoán

foresee foresaw forseen thấy trước

foretell foretold foretold đoán trước

forget forgot forgotten quên

forgive forgave forgiven tha thứ

forsake forsook forsaken ruồng bỏ

freeze froze frozen (làm) đông lại

get got got/ gotten có

(41)

41

gird girt/ girded girt/ girded đeo vào

give gave given cho

go went gone

grind ground ground nghiền; xay

grow grew grown mọc; trồng

hang hung móc lên; treo lên

hear heard heard nghe

heave hove/ heaved hove/ heaved trục lên

hide hid hidden giấu; trốn; nấp

hit hit hit đụng

hurt hurt hurt làm đau

inlay inlaid inlaid cẩn; khảm

input input input đưa vào (máy điện toán)

inset inset inset dát; ghép

keep kept kept giữ

kneel knelt/ kneeled knelt/ kneeled quỳ

knit knit/ knitted knit/ knitted đan

know knew known biết; quen biết

(42)

42

lead led led dẫn dắt; lãnh đạo

leap leapt leapt nhảy; nhảy qua

learn learnt/ learned learnt/ learned học; biết

leave left left đi; để lại

lend lent lent cho mượn (vay)

let let let cho phép;

lie lay lain nằm

light lit/ lighted lit/ lighted thắp sáng

lose lost lost làm mất;

make made made chế tạo; sản xuất

mean meant meant có nghĩa

meet met met gặp mặt

mislay mislaid mislaid để lạc

misread misread misread đọc sai

misspell misspelt misspelt viết sai tả

mistake mistook mistaken phạm lỗi, lầm lẫn

misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood hiểu lầm

mow mowed mown/ mowed cắt cỏ

(43)

43

outdo outdid outdone làm giỏi

outgrow outgrew outgrown lớn nhanh

output output output cho (dữ kiện)

outrun outran outrun chạy nhanh hơn; vượt

quá

outsell outsold outsold bán nhanh

overcome overcame overcome khắc phục

overeat overate overeaten ăn nhiều

overfly overflew overflown bay qua

overhang overhung overhung nhô lên trên, treo lơ lửng

overhear overheard overheard nghe trộm

overlay overlaid overlaid phủ lên

overpay overpaid overpaid trả tiền

overrun overran overrun tràn ngập

oversee oversaw overseen trông nom

overshoot overshot overshot đích

oversleep overslept overslept ngủ quên

overtake overtook overtaken đuổi bắt kịp

(44)

44

pay paid paid trả (tiền)

prove proved proven/proved chứng minh(tỏ)

put put put đặt; để

read read read đọc

rebuild rebuilt rebuilt xây dựng lại

redo redid redone làm lại

remake remade remade làm lại; chế tạo lại

rend rent rent toạc ra; xé

repay repaid repaid hoàn tiền lại

resell retold retold bán lại

retake retook retaken chiếm lại; tái chiếm

rewrite rewrote rewritten viết lại

rid rid rid giải thoát

ride rode ridden cưỡi

ring rang rung rung chuông

rise rose risen đứng dậy; mọc

run ran run chạy

saw sawed sawn cưa

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see saw seen nhìn thấy

seek sought sought tìm kiếm

sell sold sold bán

send sent sent gửi

sew sewed sewn/sewed may

shake shook shaken lay; lắc

shear sheared shorn xén lông cừu

shed shed shed rơi; rụng

shine shone shone chiếu sáng

shoot shot shot bắn

show showed shown/ showed cho xem

shrink shrank shrunk co rút

shut shut shut đóng lại

sing sang sung ca hát

sink sank sunk chìm; lặn

sit sat sat ngồi

slay slew slain sát hại; giết hại

sleep slept slept ngủ

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sling slung slung ném mạnh

slink slunk slunk

smell smelt smelt ngửi

smite smote smitten đập mạnh

sow sowed sown/ sewed gieo; rải

speak spoke spoken nói

speed sped/ speeded sped/ speeded chạy

spell spelt/ spelled spelt/ spelled đánh vần

spend spent spent tiêu sài

spill spilt/ spilled spilt/ spilled tràn đổ

spin spun/ span spun quay sợi

spit spat spat khạc nhổ

spoil spoilt/ spoiled spoilt/ spoiled làm hỏng

spread spread spread lan truyền

spring sprang sprung nhảy

stand stood stood đứng

stave stove/ staved stove/ staved đâm thủng

steal stole stolen đánh cắp

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sting stung stung châm ; chích; đốt

stink stunk/ stank stunk bốc mi

strew strewed strewn/ strewed rắc , rải

stride strode stridden bước sải

strike struck struck đánh đập

string strung strung gắn dây vào

strive strove striven cố sức

swear swore sworn tuyên thệ

sweep swept swept quét

swell swelled swollen/ swelled phồng ; sưng

swim swam swum bơi; lội

swing swung swung đong đưa

take took taken cầm ; lấy

teach taught taught dạy ; giảng dạy

tear tore torn xé; rách

tell told told kể ; bảo

think thought thought suy nghĩ

throw threw thrown ném ; liệng

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tread trod trodden/ trod giẫm ; đạp

unbend unbent unbent làm thẳng lại

undercut undercut undercut giá rẻ

undergo underwent undergone kinh qua

underlie underlay underlain nằm

underpay undercut undercut trả lương thấp

undersell undersold undersold bán rẻ

understand understood understood hiểu

undertake undertook undertaken đảm nhận

underwrite underwrote underwritten bảo hiểm

undo undid undone tháo

unfreeze unfroze unfrozen làm tan đông

unwind unwound unwound tháo

uphold upheld upheld ủng hộ

upset upset upset đánh đổ; lật đổ

wake woke/ waked woken/ waked thức giấc

waylay waylaid waylaid mai phục

wear wore worn mặc

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wed wed/ wedded wed/ wedded kết hôn

weep wept wept khóc

wet wet / wetted wet / wetted làm ướt

win won won thắng ; chiến thắng

wind wound wound quấn

withdraw withdrew withdrawn rút lui

withhold withheld withheld từ khước

withstand withstood withstood cầm cự

work wrought / worked wrought / worked rèn (sắt)

wring wrung wrung vặn ; siết chặt

write wrote written viết

Phần CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC THEO NHĨM A/Nhóm dạng giống nhau:

V P1 P2 Meaning

cost cost cost trị giá

cut cut cut cắt

fit fit fit vừa vặn

hit hit hit đụng

hurt hurt hurt làm đau

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put put put đặt, để

read read read đọc

shut shut shut đóng lại

B/Nhóm: i – a – u - ou

begin began begun bắt đầu drink drank drunk uống

ring rang rung reo, rung

run ran run chạy

sing sang sung hát

swim swam swum bơi, lội hang hung hung treo

find found found tìm thấy

C/Nhóm: e - ui

spend spent spent tiêu xài smell* smelt smelt ngửi

build built built xây dựng send sent sent gửi

lend lent lent cho mượn spell spelt spelt đánh vần D/Nhóm ee – ea => e

meet met met gặp

bleed bled bled chảy máu

breed bred bred nuôi

feed fed fed cho ăn

lead led led dẫn dắt

speed sped sped tăng tốc

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bring brought brought mang

buy bought bought mua

catch caught caught bắt

fight fought fought đánh

teach taught taught dạy

think thought thought suy nghĩ

F/Nhóm => en

arise arose arisen xuất

drive drove driven lái xe

ride rode ridden cưỡi, đạp xe

rise rose risen nhô, mọc lên

write wrote written viết

G/Nhóm => eW =>awn

blow blew blown thổi

draw drew drawn vẽ

fly flew flown bay

grow grew grown mọc

know knew known biết

throw threw thrown ném

H/Nhóm ake => ook => en

shake shook shaken lắc

take took taken cầm, nắm

I/Nhóm eep => ept => ept

sleep slept slept ngủ

sweep swept swept quét

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52 K/Nhóm eave => eft => eft

leave left left rời khỏi

L/Nhóm => oke => oken

awake awoke awoken thức dậy

break broke broken làm vỡ

freeze froze frozen đông lạnh

speak spoke spoken nói

wake woke woken đánh thức

M/Nhóm => => en ; => ne

beat beat beaten đánh đập

bite bit bitten cắn

choose chose chosen chọn lựa

do did done làm

eat ate eaten ăn

fall fell fallen té xuống

forget forgot forgot(ten) quên

forgive forgave forgiven tha thứ

get got got(ten) đạt

give gave given cho

N/ it => at => at

sit sat sat ngồi

O/Nhóm .=> t ; .d

dream* dreamt dreamt mơ

have had had có; dùng

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hold held held cầm, giữ; tổ chức

learn* learnt learnt học

lose lost lost đánh mất; giảm

make made made làm

mean meant meant nghĩa

mishear misheard misheard nghe nhầm

shoot shot shot bắn

P/Nhóm and => ood => ood

stand stood stood đứng

understand understood understood hiểu Q/Nhóm ell => old

sell sold sold bán

tell told told bảo, kể

R/Nhóm ear => ore => orn

bear bore born sinh

tear tore torn xé rách

wear wore worn mặc, đeo, đội

S/Nhóm ome => ame => ome

become became become trở nên

come came come đến

overcome overcame overcome vượt qua T/Nhóm ay => aid => aid

lay laid laid đặt, để

pay paid paid trả tiền

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54 U/ Nhóm be - go

be was/were been thì, là,

go went gone

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