Câu chủ động và câu bị động_active and passive voice (full ngữ pháp, bài tập, đáp án)

III- BÀI TẬP VỀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:.. The broken table (repair) yesterday.[r]

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ÔN THI VÀO LỚP 10 TIẾNG ANH- Ngữ pháp, tập, đề thi

Ngoại ngữ MTEC – Số 2A, ngõ 52, phố Nam Dư, Lĩnh Nam, Hoàng Mai, HN Giáo viên : Nguyễn Thị Thuận Email & Facebook: nguyenthithuanbg@gmail.com

Điện thoại : 0969 953 568 Website: http://english4all.edu.vn

1 Bài

CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (Active and Passive voice)

I- PHÂN BIỆT CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG VÀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG 1 Câu chủ động:

Câu chủ động câu sử dụng thân chủ thể nhắc đến tự thực hành động

Ví dụ:

Hoa did her homework yesterday (Hoa làm tập nhà ngày hôm qua.) Ta thấy chủ thể nhắc đến câu “Hoa” thân chủ thể tự thực việc “làm tập nhà” Vậy nên ta sử dụng câu chủ động * Dạng thức thông thường câu chủ động:

S + Vchia + O Trong đó: S(subject): Chủ ngữ

V (verb): động từ O (object): tân ngữ CHÚ Ý:

- Động từ câu chia theo Ví dụ:

- My parents are preparing a lot of delicious cakes S V O

Ta thấy chủ thể “bố mẹ tơi” hồn tồn tự thực việc “chuẩn bị nhiều bánh ngon” Động từ “prepare” chia theo tiếp diễn

2 Câu bị động:

- Câu bị động sử dụng thân chủ thể không tự thực hành động

Ví dụ:

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2 Ta thấy chủ thể “tiền tôi” tự “trộm” mà bị “trộm” nên câu ta cần sử dụng câu bị động

* Dạng thức câu bị động

S + be + VpII + ((by) + O) Trong đó: be: động từ “to be”

VpII: Động từ phân từ hai CHÚ Ý:

Động từ “to be” chia theo chia theo chủ ngữ Ví dụ:

- The meal has been cooked (Bữa ăn vừa nấu.)

Ta thấy “bữa ăn” tự thực việc “nấu” nên ta cần sử dụng câu bị động Động từ “to be” chia hồn thành với chủ ngữ ngơi thứ số nên có dạng “has been + cooked (động từ phân từ hai)

II- CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

1 Cấu trúc biến đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động Chủ động: S + V + O

Bị động: S + be + VpII + (by + O) CHÚ Ý:

- TÂN NGỮ (O) câu chủ động làm CHỦ NGỮ câu bị động

- ĐỘNG TỪ (V) câu chủ động chuyển thành “be + VpII” Trong “be” chia theo chia theo chủ ngữ

- CHỦ NGỮ (S) câu chủ động biến đổi thành tân ngữ có giới từ “by” đằng trước (by + O)

Ví dụ:

- Chủ động: They will sell their house next year S V O

-> Bị động: Their house will be sold by them next year S be + VpII by + O

2 Cấu trúc câu bị động với tiếng anh

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3 Hiện

tại đơn - Mary studies English every day S + V(s/es) + O S(o) (by O(s))+ is/am/are + V_ed/pII + - English is studied by Mary everyday Hiện

tại tiếp diễn

S + is/am/are + V-ing + O

- He is planting some trees now S(o) V_ed/pII + is/am/are + being + + (by O(s)) - Some trees are being planted (by him) now

3 Quá

khứ đơn - She wrote a letter yesterday S + V-ed/p1 + O S(o) + was/were + (by O(s))V_ed/pII + - A letter was written (by her)

yesterday Quá

khứ tiếp diễn

S + was/were + V-ing + O - They were buying a car at am yesterday

S(o) + was/were +being + V_ed/pII + (by O(s)) - A car was being bought at am yesterday

5 Hiện hoàn thành

S + have/ has + V_ed/pII + O - My parents have given me a new bike on my birthday

S(o) + have/ has + been + V_ed/pII + (by O(s))

- A new bike has been given to me by my parents on my birthday

6 Hiện hoàn thành tiếp diễn

S + have/has + been +V-ing + O - John has been repairing this car for hours

S(o) + have/ has+been being+V_ed/pII + (by O(s)) - This car has been being repaired by John for hours

7 Quá khứ hoàn thành

S + had + V_ed/pII + O - He had finished his report before 10 p.m yesterday

S(o) + had + been + V_ed/pII + (by O(s))

- His report had been finished before 10 p.m yesterday

8 Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

S + had + been + V-ing + O - I had been typing the essay for hours before you came yesterday

S(o) + had + been + being + V_ed/pII + (by O(s))

- The essay had been being typed for hours before you came yesterday

9 Tương lai đơn

S + will + V(nguyên thể) + O - She will a lot of things

tomorrow

S(o) + will + be + V_ed/pII + (by O(s))

- A lot of things will be done tomorrow

10 Tương lai tiếp diễn

S + will + be +V-ing + O - She will be taking care of her children at this time tomorrow

S(o) + will + be + being + V_ed/pII + (by O(s))

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4 11

Tương lai hoàn thành

S + will + have + V_ed/pII + O - She will have finished her

studying by the end of this year

S(o) + will + have + been + V_ed/pII + (by O(s))

- Her studying will have been finished by the end of this year

12 Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn

S +will+have been + V-ing + O - I will have been teaching English for years by next week

S(o) + will have been being + V_ed/pII + (by O(s)) - English will have been being taught by me for years by next week

III- BÀI TẬP VỀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH Bài 1: Cho dạng động từ ngoặc:

1 The broken table (repair) yesterday A new mobile phone (buy) next month Flowers (water) in the garden now

4 English (learn) for months by this weekend This movie (watch) yesterday

6 This book (read) three times My motorbike (steal) yesterday My watch (break) last night

Bài 2: Chuyển câu sau sang câu bị động My sister cooks meals every day

2 My mother cleaned the floor yesterday

3 My friend has written ten emails for hours My father is painting our house

5 My sister was buying some food at 11 a.m yesterday My brother uses a pencil to draw beautiful pictures

7 They had finished their work before you came yesterday I will call you If there is any important information

IV- ĐÁP ÁN Bài 1:

1 The broken table (repair) yesterday - was repaired

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5 - will be bought

3 Flowers (water) in the garden now - are being watered

4 English (learn) for months by this weekend - will have been learnt

5 This movie (watch) yesterday - was watched

6 This book (read) three times - has been read

7 My motorbike (steal) yesterday - was stolen

8 My watch (break) last night - was broken

Bài 2:

1 My sister cooks meals every day

- Meals are cooked by my sister every day My mother cleaned the floor yesterday

- The floor was cleaned by my mother yesterday My friend has written ten emails for hours

- Ten emails have been written for two hours by my friend My father is painting our house

- Our house is being painted by my father

5 My sister was buying some food at 11 a.m yesterday

- Some food was being bought by my sister at 11 a.m yesterday My brother uses a pencil to draw beautiful pictures

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6 CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT CỦA CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

(Special cases of passive voice) I- Bị động với động từ có tân ngữ

Ta thường gặp số câu có tân ngữ sau động từ: Ví dụ:

- He gave me a book

Ta thấy sau động từ: “gave” có tân ngữ “me” “a book” Trong tân ngữ “a book” gọi tân ngữ trực tiếp (trực tiếp chịu tác động động từ “gave” – đưa.) Còn “me” gọi tân ngữ gián tiếp (không trực tiếp chịu tác động động từ)

Ta hiểu động từ “đưa” ta “cầm, nắm” “CÁI GÌ” tay đứa “NĨ” cho “AI ĐĨ” Và “CÁi GÌ” trực tiếp chịu tác động động từ nên gọi tân ngữ trực tiếp Cịn “AI ĐĨ” không trực tiếp chịu tác động động từ nên gọi tân ngữ gián tiếp

Ta có cấu trúc câu chủ động với động từ có tân ngữ: S + V + Oi + Od Trong đó: S (subject): Chủ ngữ

V (verb): Động từ

Oi (indirect object): tân ngữ gián tiếp (Không trực tiếp chịu tác động động từ)

Od (direct object): tân ngữ trực tiếp (Tân ngữ trực tiếp chịu tác động động từ)

Câu bị động có trường hợp sau:

- TH1: ta lấy tân ngữ gián tiếp lên làm chủ ngữ câu bị động S + be + VpII + Od

- TH2: Ta lấy tân ngữ trực tiếp lên làm chủ ngữ câu bị động: S + be + VpII + giới từ + Oi

Ví dụ:

- Chủ động: She gave me an apple yesterday (Cô đưa cho táo ngày hôm qua.)

S V Oi Od

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7 - Bị động: TH1: I was given an apple yesterday (Tôi cho táo ngày hôm qua)

S be VpII Od

Ta lấy tân ngữ gián tiếp lên làm chủ ngữ nên “me” chuyển thành “I”

TH2: An apple was given to me yesterday (Một táo đưa cho ngày hôm qua.)

S be VpII

Ta lấy tân ngữ trực tiếp “an apple” lên làm chủ ngữ sau động từ phân từ ta sử dụng giới từ “to”

Ví dụ 2:

- Her mother bought her a book yesterday S V Oi Od

-> She was bought a book yesterday S be VpII Od

-> A book was bought for her yesterday S be VpII giới từ Oi

II- Bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu

Các động từ khuyết thiếu (modal verb)O: Can, could, would, should, may, might, need, must, ought to

Chủ động : S + Modal V + V(nguyên thể) + O Bị động: S + modal V + be + VpII + (+ by + O) Ví dụ:

- Chủ động: She can speak English fluently - Bị động: English can be spoken fluently III- Bị động với “be going to”

Chủ động: S + be + going to + V + O

Bị động: S + be + going to + be + VpII + (by + O) Ví dụ:

- My father is going to the gardening

-> The gardening is going to be done by my father IV- Bị động với câu mệnh lệnh thức

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8 - Close the door! (Đóng cửa vào)

V O

- Open the book! (Mở sách ra) V O

Ta thấy cấu trúc của câu mệnh lệnh thức là: Dạng chủ động: V + O

Bị động: S + should/must + be + V-pII Ví dụ:

- Chủ động: Clean the floor! (Hãy lau sàn nhà đi!)

- Bị động: The floor should be cleaned! (Sàn nhà nên lau đi) V- Cấu trúc bị động với chủ ngữ giả “it”

It + be + adj + (for sb) + to st -> It + be + adj + for st to be done Ví dụ:

- It is easy to make this cake

-> It is easy for this exercise to be made

VI- Cấu trúc câu bị động với “make”, “let”, “have”, “get” Ta có:

* Make sb st -> Make st done (by sb): bắt làm Ví dụ:

- I made my son clean the floor

-> I made the floor cleaned by my son

* Let sb st -> let st done (by sb): cho phép, làm Ví dụ:

My father let me cook the dinner yesterday

-> My father let the dinner cooked by me yesterday * Have to st -> St have to be done: phải làm Ví dụ:

- My mother has to wash the clothes every day

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9 * Have sb st -> have st done (by sb): Nhờ làm

- I have the hairdresser cut my hair every month -> I have my hair cut by the hairdresser every month

* Get sb to st -> get st done (by sb): Nhờ làm - She got her father turn on the TV

-> She got the TV turned on by her father VII- Bị động kép

1 Khi V1 chia tại đơn, tiếp diễn, tại hoàn thành

S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V + …

* TH1: It is + V1-pII that + S2 + V + …

* TH2: Khi V2 chia đơn tương lai đơn

S2 + is/am/are + V1-pII + to + V2(nguyên thể) +… * TH3: Khi V2 chia q khứ đơn hồn hành

S2 + is/am/are + V1-pII + to have + V2-PII + … Ví dụ:

They think that she works very hard -> It is thought that she works very hard -> She is thought to work very hard

They think that she worked very hard last year -> It is thought that she worked very hard last year -> She is thought to have worked very hard last year

2 Khi V1 chia khứ (quá khứ đơn, khứ tiếp diễn, khứ hoàn thành)

S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V + …

* TH1: It was + V1-pII + that + S2 + V + … * TH2: Khi V2 chia khứ đơn:

S2 + was/were + V1-pII + to + V2 (nguyên thể) + … * TH3: Khi V2 chia q khứ hồn thành:

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10 People said that she was very kind

-> It was said that she was very kind -> She was said to be very kind

People said that she had been very kind -> It was said that she had been very kind -> She was said to have been very kind

BÀI TẬP VỀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG

EXERCISE 1: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG 1.My father waters this flower every morning

2.John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night 3.Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen 4.We should clean our teeth twice a day

5.Our teachers have explained the English grammar 6.Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city 7.Tom will visit his parents next month

8.The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning 9.Did Mary this beautiful dress?

10.I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room

11.The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War

12.The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day 13.Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema

14.The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week

15.Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum? 16.Some people will interview the new president on TV

17.How many languages they speak in Canada? 18.Are you going to repair those shoes?

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11 THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CÁC MẪU CÂU CƠ BẢN

EXERCISE 2:CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG The waiter brings me this dish

2 Our friends send these postcards to us

3.Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week 4.Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother

5.You didn’t show me the special cameras 6.She showed her ticket to the airline agent 7.He lends his friend his new shoes

8.She left her relatives five million pounds

9.The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer 10.The board awarded the first prize to the reporter

11.Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?

12.The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting 13.He hides the broken cup in the drawer

14.They keep this room tidy all the time 15.They all voted the party a great success

16.We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers 17.They moved the fridge into the living room

18.She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room 19.They find the new project worthless

20.The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager

THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ TƯỜNG THUẬT EXERCISE 3:CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG

1.They told me that you were the best architect in this city 2.She reported that the flowers were killed by frost

3.Some people inform me that the director is going to take a business trip to England

4.That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week 5.He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt

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12 7.He recommends that we should stay at the city center

8.We believed that Alice would pass the driving test

9.The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month

10.They have persuaded me that they will go with me to the stadium

11.They have decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend

12.People think that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century 13 They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her

14 The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train 15.He told me that his football team had played well last season BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ SAI BẢO

EXERCISE 4:CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG 1.I had my nephew paint the gate last week

2.She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow 3.They have her tell the story again

4.John gets his sister to clean his shirt

5.Anne had had a friend type her composition 6.Rick will have a barber cut his hair

7.I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress 8.He had a mechanic repair his car

9.She often gets the technician to maintain the heater 10.They had the police arrest the shoplifter

11.Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes? 12.I must have the dentist check my teeth

13.She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog

14.We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer 15.The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet

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13 1.This flower is watered (by my father) every morning

2.Fiona was invented to John’s birthday party last month 3.The dinner is being prepared (by her mother) in the kitchen 4.Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day

5.The English grammar has been explained (by our teacher) 6.The accident was caused in this city (by some drunk drivers) 7.Tom’s parents will be visited (by him) next month

8.The secretary wasn’t phoned (by the manager) this morning 9.Was this beautiful dress bought by Mary?

10.These old pictures won’t be in the living room(by me)

11.This factory wasn’t built (by the Greens) during the Second World War 12.This house and these cars are going to be painted for Christmas day by the Greens

13.The cats had been fed (by Ann) before she went to the cinema

14.The pollution problems have been discussed (by the students) since last week

15.Has the most valuable painting in the national museum been stolen (by the thieves)

16.The new president will be interviewed on TV (by some people) 17.How many languages are spoken in Canada(by them)?

18.Are those shoes going to be repaired ?

19.His nose has been broken in a football match(by him) 20.Have above sentences been finished ?

EXERCISE 1.This dish is brought to me (by the waiter) 2.These postcards are sent to us(by our friend)

3.This story was told to them(by their grandmother) when they visited her last week

4.This train ticket was ordered for Tim’s mother The special cameras weren’t showed to me

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14 8.Five million pounds was left to her relatives (by her)

9.These boxes were handed to the customer (by the shop assistant) 10.The first prize was awarded to the reporter (by the board)

11.Have the Christmas cards been sent to your family?

12.Alice was appointed secretary for the meeting(by the committee) 13.The broken cup is hidden in the drawer (by him)

14.This room is kept tidy (by them) all the time 15.The party was voted a great success(by them)

16.Ann was given some bananas and some flowers(by us) 17.The fridge was moved into the living room(by them)

18.Some cups of tea were brought to the visitors in the next room (by her) 19.The new project is found worthless

20.The note wasn’t taken to the manager(by the secretary) EXERCISE

1.I was told that you were the architect in this city

2.It was reported that the flowers were killed by frost./ The flowers were reported to be killed by frost

3.I am informed that the director is going to take a business trip to England 4.4.It was announced that the meeting was delayed until next week

5.It was discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt 6.It is promised that the performance will start on time 7.It is recommended that we should stay at the city center

8.It was believed that Alice would pass the driving test./ Alice was believed to pass the driving test

9.All the workers are notified that they will have to work extra hard this month 10.I have been persuaded that they will go with me to the stadium

11.It has been decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend

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15 13.It is found that the job is not suitable for a girl like her./ The job is found to be not suitable for a girl like her 14.It was explained that this powerful engine pulled the train

15.I was told that his football team had played well last season EXERCISE

1.I had the gate painted last week

2.She will have her car washed tomorrow 3.They have the story told again

4.John gets his shirt cleaned

5.Anne has had her composition typed 6.Rick will have his hair cut

7.I will get a new dress made 8.He had his car repaired

9.She often gets the heater maintained 10.They had the shoplifter arrested

11.Are you going to have your shoes repaired? 12.I must have my teeth checked

13.She will have her dog examined

14.We had this photograph taken when we were on holiday last summer 15.The Greens had their carpet cleaned

80 CÂU BÀI TẬP VỀ DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG I Chuyển câu sau sang câu bị động

1 Mary types letters in the office His father will help you tomorrow

3 Science and technology have completely changed human life Peter broke this bottle

5 They are learning English in the room Nothing can change my mind

7 No one had told me about it

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16 My students will bring the children home

10 They sent me a present last week 11 She gave us more information

12 The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan 13 They can’t make tea with cold water

14 Somebody has taken some of my books away 15 They will hold the meeting before May Day 16 They have to repair the engine of the car

17 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures 18 People spend a lot of money on advertising every day 19 Teacher is going to tell a story

20 Mary is cutting a cake with a sharp knife

21 The children looked at the woman with a red hat

22 They have provided the victims with food and clothing 23 People speak English in almost every corner of the world 24 You mustn’t use this machine after 5:30 p.m

25 After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board II Chuyển câu hỏi dạng đảo Có/Khơng sang câu bị động 26 Do they teach English here?

27 Will you invite her to your wedding party? 28 Has Tom finished the work?

29 Did the teacher give some exercises?

30 Have they changed the window of the laboratory? 31 Is she going to write a poem?

32 Is she making big cakes for the party?

33 Are the police making inquires about the thief? 34 Must we finish the test before ten?

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17 III Chuyển câu hỏi hỏi “H/WH” sau sang câu bị động

37 Why didn’t they help him?

38 How many games has the team played? 39 Where people speak English?

40 Who are they keeping in the kitchen? 41 How can they open this safe?

42 What books are people reading this year? 43 How did the police find the lost man? 44 Who look after the children for you?

45 How long have they waited for the doctor? 46 What time can the boys hand in their papers? 47 Who lend you this book?

48 How many marks does the teacher give you?

IV Chuyển câu có tân ngữ sau sang câu bị động 49 They paid me a lot of money to the job

50 The teacher gave each of us two exercise books 51 Someone will tell him that news

52 They have sent enough money to those poor boys

53 They have given the women in most countries in the world the right to vote V Chuyển câu với động từ tường thuật sau sang câu bị động

54 They think that he has died a natural death

55 Some people believe that 13 is an unlucky number 56 They say that John is the brightest student in class

57 They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack 58 I knew that they had told him of the meeting

59 They declared that she won the competition 60 They rumored the man was still living

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18 62 They reported that the troops were coming

63 People believed that the earth stood still

VI Chuyển câu với động từ nhận thức sau sang câu bị động 64 I have heard her sing this song several times

65 People saw him steal your car 66 The teacher is watching the work

67 He won’t let you that silly thing again 68 People don’t make the children work hard 69 They made him work all day

70 The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag 71 The terrorists made the hostages lie down

72 Police advise drivers to use an alternative route 73 She helps me to all these difficult exercises VII Cho dạng động từ ngoặc

74 Toshico had her car (repair) by a mechanic 75 Ellen got Marvin (type) her paper

76 We got our house (paint) last week

77 Dr Byrd is having the students (write ) a composition 78 Mark got his transcripts (send) to the university

79 Maria is having her hair (cut) tomorrow

80 Will Mr Brown have the porter (carry) his luggage to his car?

KEY I

1 Letters are typed in the office by Mary You’ll be helped by his father tomorrow

3 The human life has completely been changed with science and technology This bottle was broken by Peter

(19)

19 My mind can’t be changed

7 I hadn’t been told about it

8 Her telephone number isn’t known

9 The children will be brought home by my students 10 I was sent a present last week

11 We were given more information

12 All the workers of the plan were being instructed by the chief engineer 13 Tea can’t be made with cold water

14 Some of my books have been taken away 15 The meeting will be held before May Day 16 The engine of the car has to be repaired

17 The window was broken and some pictures were taken away by the boys 18 A lot of money is spent on advertising every day

19 A story is going to be told by teacher

20 A cake is being cut with a sharp knife by Mary

21 The woman with a red hat was looked at by the children 22 The victims have been provided with food and clothing 23 English is spoken in almost every corner of the world 24 This machine mustn’t be used after 5:30 p.m

25 After class, the chalk board is always erased by one of the students II

26 Is English taught here?

27 Will she be invited to your wedding party? 28 Has the work been finished by Tom?

29 Were some exercises given by the teacher? 30 Has the window of the laboratory been changed? 31 Is a poem going to be written?

32 Are big cakes being made for the party?

(20)

20 35 Will the children be brought home with buses?

36 Has your homework been finished? III

37 Why wasn’t he helped?

38 How many games have been played by the team? 39 Where is English spoken?

40 Who are being kept in the kitchen? 41 How can this be opened safe?

42 What books are being read this year? 43 How was the lost man found by the police? 44 By whom are the children looked after for you? 45 How long has the doctor been waited for?

46 What time can their papers be handed in by the boys? 47 By whom is this book lent?

48 How many marks are given to you by the teacher? IV

49 I was paid a lot of money to the job

50 Each of us was given two exercise books by the teacher 51 He will be told that news

52 Those poor boys have been sent enough money

53 The women in most countries in the world have been given the right to vote

V

54 He is thought to have died a natural death 55 13 is believed to be an unlucky number

56 John is said to be the brightest student in class

57 The President was reported to have suffered a heart attack 58 They were known to have told him of the meeting

(21)

21 61 Jack London’s life and writing is thought to represent the American love of adventure

62 The troops were reported to be coming 63 The earth was believed to stand still VI

64 She has been heard to sing this song several times 65 He was seen to steal your car

66 The work is being watched by the teacher 67 You won’t be let to that silly thing again 68 The children are made to work hard

69 He was made to work all day

70 The woman was seen putting the jewelry in her bag by the detective 71 The hostages were made to lie down by the terrorists

72 Drivers are advised to use an alternative route by police 73 I am helped to all these difficult exercises

VII

(22)

22

a) Thì đơn:

S +V(s/es) + O  S(o) + am/is/are + V_ed/p2 (+ by O(s))

*Lan watches cartoons every day => Cartoons are watched by Lan every day

b) Thì khứ đơn:

S +V(ed/p1) + O  S(o) + was/were + V_ed/p2 (+ by O(s))

*Lan watched cartoons yesterday => Cartoons were watched by Lan yesterday

c) Thì tiếp diễn:

S +am/is/are +V_ing + O  S(o) + am/is/are + being + V_ed/p2 (+ by O(s))

*Lan is watching cartoons now => Cartoons are being watched by Lan now

d) Thì khứ tiếp diễn:

S +was/were + V_ing + O  S(o) + was/were + being + V_ed/p2 (+ by O(s))

*Lan was watching cartoons at p.m yesterday

=> Cartoons were being watched by Lan at 8p.m yesterday

e) Thì hồn thành:

S +have/has +V(ed/p2) + O  S(o) + have/has + been + V_ed/p2 (+ by O(s))

*Lan has just watched cartoons => Cartoons have just been watched by Lan

f) Thì tương lai đơn động từ khiếm khuyết: CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT,

SHOULD, WOULD, BE GOING TO, USED TO:

S +will + V + O  S(o) + will + be + V_ed/p2 (+ by O(s))

*Lan will watch cartoons tonight => Cartoons will be watched by Lan

g) Câu bị động đặc biệt

People/They think/believe/ say/ … that +S +Vchia + O  It is thought/ believed/ said/… that + S + Vchia  S +am/is/are + thought/believed/said… to + V …

to + have + V_ed/p2

*People say that Lan watches cartoons every day

=> It is said that Cartoons are watched by Lan every day => Lan are sai to watch cartoons every day

1) Với động từ “let”: để S + let + O1 + V(bare infi) +O2

C1: S + (be) + let + V + O2

allowed to + V + O2

C2: S + let + O2 + be + PII of V + (by O1)

Eg: He lets me drive his car I’m let drive his car allowed to

(23)

23 2) Với động từ “make”: bắt buộc

CĐ: S + make + O + V (bare infi) + …

BĐ: SO + be + made + to + V + …

Eg: He makes me work harder I’m made to work harder by him

3) Với động từ “suggest”: gợi ý

CĐ: S + suggest + Ving + O ( gợi ý làm gì)

BĐ: S + (suggest) + that + SO + should + be + PII

Eg: He suggested selling my house

He suggested that my house should be sold

4) It is + possible + to V + O (có thể/khơng thể làm gì) impossible

S(O) + can + be + PII can’t

Eg: It’s possible to grow roses in this land Roses can be grown in this land

5)It’s + important + to + V + O (cần thiết/quan trọng phải làm gì) essential

SO + must be + PII

Eg: It’s important to save water Water must be saved

6) It’s + necessary + to + V + O (cần thiết/khơng cần thiết phải làm gì) unnecessary

SO + should/shouldn’t be + PII

Eg: It’s necessary to protect the environment The environment should be protected

7) It’s + tính từ sở hữu + duty to + V + O (trách nhiệm phải làm gì)

(\l((đạitừnhânxưng + (be) + supposed + to + V + O (ai buộc phải làm gì) Eg: It’s your duty to clean the floor

You are supposed to clean the floor

8) Với động từ theo sau V có “to”

Eg 1: There is a lot of homework to now

There is a lot of homework to be done now

Eg 2: He wants his students to all the difficult exercises

He wants all the difficult exercises to be done by his students

Eg 3: He invited me to go to the party

I was invited to go to the party

9) Với động từ theo sau V“ing”: remember, hate, like, dislike…

Eg 1: I remembered Nam offering me a beautiful present on my birthday I remembered being offered a beautiful present by Nam on my birthday Eg 2: She disliked her boyfriend cheating her

She disliked being cheated by her boyfriend

10) Với câu mệnh lệnh:

Eg 1: Come in, please! You are requested to come in Eg 2: Don’t touch this switch

This switch is not to be touched

This switch must not be touched

11) Với động từ tri giác: hear, see, watch, look at, notice…

(24)

24

Eg: They heard him cry loudly He was heard to cry loudly

They heard him crying loudly He was heard crying loudly

Chuyển sang câu bị đông chủ động EXERCISE 1: ( THÌ CƠ BẢN )

1.My father waters this flower every morning

2.John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night 3.Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen 4.We should clean our teeth twice a day

5.Our teachers have explained the English grammar 6.Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city 7.Tom will visit his parents next month

8.The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning Did Mary this beautiful dress?

10.I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room

11.The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War

12.The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day 13.Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema

14.The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week

15.Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum? 16.Some people will interview the new president on TV

17.How many languages they speak in Canada? 18.Are you going to repair those shoes?

19.He has broken his nose in a football match 20.Have you finished the above sentences?

ĐÁP ÁN: EXERCISE 1.This flower is watered by my father every morning 2.Fiona was invented to John’s birthday party last month 3.The dinner is being prepared by her mother in the kitchen 4.Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day

5.The English grammar has been explained by our teacher 6.The accident was caused in this city by some drunk drivers 7.Tom’s parents will be visited by him next month

8.The secretary wasn’t phoned by the manager this morning 9.Was this beautiful dress bought by Mary?

10.These old pictures won’t be in the living room by me

11.This factory wasn’t built by the Greens during the Second World War

12.This house and these cars are going to be painted for Christmas day by the Greens 13.The cats had been fed by Ann before she went to the cinema

14.The pollution problems have been discussed by the students since last week

15.Has the most valuable painting in the national museum been stolen by the thieves? 16.The new president will be interviewed on TV (by some people)

17.How many languages are spoken in Canada(by them)? 18.Are those shoes going to be repaired ?

19.His nose has been broken in a football match(by him) 20.Have above sentences been finished ?

(25)

25 1.The waiter brings me this dish

2.Our friends send these postcards to us

3.Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week 4.Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother

5.You didn’t show me the special cameras 6.She showed her ticket to the airline agent 7.He lends his friend his new shoes

8.She left her relatives five million pounds

9.The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer 10.The board awarded the first prize to the reporter 11.Have you sent the christmas cards to your family?

12.The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting 13.He hides the broken cup in the drawer

14.They keep this room tidy all the time 15.They all voted the party a great success 16.We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers 17.They moved the fridge into the living room

18.She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room 19.They find the new project worthless

20.The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager 21 They are going to clear those slums

22 They are going to mend the roof tomorrow morning 23 The farmer is going to enlarge the farm

24 She is going to buy a cookery book next month

25 Someone is going to serve Jack breakfast in bed on his birthday ĐÁP ÁN: EXERCISE

1.This dish is brought to me by the waiter 2.These postcards are sent to us by our friend

3.This story was told to them(by their grandmother) when they visited her last week 4.This train ticket was ordered for Tim’s mother

5.The special cameras weren’t showed to me

6.Her ticket was showed to the airline agent (by her) 7.His new shoes are lent to his friends (by him) 8.Five million pounds was left to her relatives by her

9.These boxes were handed to the customer by the shop assistant 10.The first prize was awarded to the reporter by the board

11.Have the christmas cards been sent to your family?

12.Alice was appointed secretary for the meeting by the committee 13.The broken cup is hidden in the drawer (by him)

14.This room is kept tidy (by them) all the time 15.The party was voted a great success(by them)

16.Ann was given some bananas and some flowers(by us) 17.The fridge was moved into the living room(by them)

18.Some cups of tea were brought to the visitors in the next room (by her) 19.The new project is found worthless

20.The note wasn’t taken to the manager by the secretary 21 Those slums are going to be cleared by them

22 The roof is going to be mended by them tomorrow morning 23 The farm is going to be enlarged by the farmer

(26)

26 25 Jack is going to be served breakfast in bed on his birthday

EXERCISE : BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU You should open the wine about three hours before you use it You must not hammer nails into the walls without permission People must not leave bicycles in the hall

4 Members can keep books for three weeks

5 People should send their complaints to the main office You must turn off all the switches before leaving the room You must make an appointment in advance

8 Someone might steal the car you must keep the room tidy 10 They can’t solve the problem 11 We can’t restore the picture

DAP AN:EXERCISE 3:

1 The wine should be opened about three hours before it is used by you 2 Nails must not be hammered into the wall without permission

3 Bicycles must not be left in the hall by the people 4 Books can be kept for weeks by members

5 Their complaints should be sent to the main office by the people 6 All the witches must be turned off before leaving the room by you 7 An appointment must be made in advance by you

8 The car might be stolen

9 The room must be kept tidy by you 10 The problem can’t be solved by you 11 The picture can’t be restored by us

EXERCISE : THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ TƯỜNG THUẬT 1.They told me that you were the best architect in this city

2.She reported that the flowers were killed by frost

3.Some people inform me that the director is going to take a business trip to England 4.That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week

5.He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt 6.They promise that the performance will start on time 7.He recommends that we should stay at the city center 8.We believed that Alice would pass the driving test

9.The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month

10.They have persuaded me that they will go with me to the stadium

11.They have decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend 12.People think that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century

13.They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her

14.The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train 15.He told me that his football team had played well last season 16 People say that the company is losing money

17 People believe that he worked very hard 18 It is said that they work 14 hours a day 19 Someone thinks that Lan will return tomorrow 20 People think that Lan is living near here

21 they think that she is hiding in the forest 22 They said that she died of cancer

(27)

27 DAP AN:

1 I was told that you were the best architect in this city

2 It was reported that the flowers were killed by frost./ The flowers were reported to be killed by frost

3 I am informed that the director is going to take a business trip to England 4 It was announced that the meeting was delayed until next week

5 It was discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt 6 It is promised that the performance will start on time 7 It is recommended that we should stay at the city center

8 It was believed that Alice would pass the driving test./ Alice was believed to pass the driving test

9 All the workers are notified that they will have to work extra hard this month 10 I have been persuaded that they will go with me to the stadium

11 It has been decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend 12 It is thought that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century./ Maradona is thought to be the best football player in the 20th century

13 It is found that the job is not suitable for a girl like her./ The job is found to be not suitable for a girl like her

14 It was explained that this powerful engine pulled the train 15 I was told that his football team had played well last season

16 It is said that the company is losing money./ The company is said to be losing money 17 It is believed that he worked very hard./ He is believed to have worked very hard 18 They are said to work 14 hours a day

19 Lan is thought to return tomorrow

20 It is thought that Lan is living here/ Lan is thought to be living here

21 She is thought to be hiding in the forest/ It is thought that she is hiding in the forest 22 It was said that she dies of cancer/ She was said to have died of cancer

23.It was believed that he can speak English

EXERCISE : BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ SAI BẢO 1.I had my nephew paint the gate last week

2.She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow 3.They have her tell the story again

4.John gets his sister to clean his shirt

5.Anne had had a friend type her composition 6.Rick will have a barber cut his hair

7.I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress 8.He had a mechanic repair his car

9.She often gets the technician to maintain the heater 10.They had the police arrest the shoplifter

11.Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes? 12.I must have the dentist check my teeth

13.She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog

14.We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer 15.The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet

16 We had them repair our car

17 Lan got his brother to clean the windows last week 18 I have the hairdresser cut my hair

19 Jill got the tailor to make her new dress

DAP AN ;EXERCISE

(28)

28 2 She will have her car washed by Peter tomorrow

3 They have the story told again

4 John gets his shirt cleaned by his sister

5 Anne had had her composition typed by a friend 6 Rick will have his hair cut by a barber

7 I will get a new dress made by a dressmaker 8 He had his car repaired by a mechanic

9 She often gets the heater maintained by a technician 10 They had the shoplifter arrested

11 Are you going to have your shoes repaired by the shoemaker? 12 I must have my teeth checked by the dentist

13 She will have her dog examined by a veterinary surgeon

14 We had this photograph taken when we were on holiday last summer 15 The Greens had their carpet cleaned by a carpet cleaner

16 We had our car repaired by them

17.Lan got the window cleaned by her brother tomorrow 18 I have my hair cut by the hairdresser

19 Jill got her new dress made by the tailor

EXERCISE Động từ giác quan : see , watch , hear … People saw him steal your car

2 The teacher is watching them work

3 people don’t make the children work hard I have heard her sing this song several times DAP AN:

1 He was seen to watch our car 2 They are being watched to work

3 The children aren’t made to work hard

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