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oxit bazo ndo.[r]
(1)Db, PHoNG GrAo DUC vA EAo rAo trEN cuAu
on rcrAo sAr cHAr LTIoNG Hec srNH KHA, cror
NAm Hgc 2016-2017
Mdn H6a hoc - (Thdi gian ldm bdi 120 philt)
: CAu (4,0 afa4 Co c6c chAt: CO, CO2, NO2, FeO, Fe3Oa, KzO.Em hay cho
bi€t:
a chAt ndo phan ring vdi oxi? vi6t phucrng trinh h6a hoc
b chAt ndo phin *ng v6i nu6c? viet pn"Jtrg trinh h6a hoc c oxit bazo ndo phan img vdi hidro? vi6t phucmg trinh hoa hoc
Ciu 2- r2,5 didm)Trinh bdy t phucrng ph6p hoa hoc phAn bi6t cac ch6t b6t mdu
trdng g6m K2O, PzOs, MgO, CaO CAU
1 Q,0 bing nhug,mdi binh dung
m6t
96c khi dy cho bi5t:
I !9 phAn t pr6ng? Gi6i thich?
b Sd lsuy€ t? Giei thich?
c Kh6i lugng cdc chdt c6c binh c6 bing nhau kh6ng? GiAi thich?
Bidt: ctic khi ftan ito cilng rtiiu kian nhi€t itQ vd cip sudt
CAu (2,5 di€m)
I' Em hal m6 tA (bing loi) m6t thi nghiOrn chucrng trinh h6a hoc l6p g dC
chung t6 chAt cAu tao tu phAn tu
2 Cdn cri vdo dAu d€ dua sO li€u "Ki6i luong mol kh6ng khi ld,29 gam,'?
CAu 5.(5,0 diem)
X g6m hai {<im loai Al v6i Fe bing dung
idro(dktc)
rn khdi lugng m5i kim loai hdn
b N€u d6n luong.khi hidro thu duoc d tr€n vdo binh chila oxit kim loai M nung n6ng thi luong khi dt OC f.ntt hodn todn 16 gam oxit d6 X6c dinh oxit kim loai M? Bi6t
khdc vdo dung dich chua 21,9 gam HCI thi
h HCI ddttr€n 2 ffia cAn, cAn d
tr?1g thaj can bing vd am M2CO,
"J.0 e S;; khi 2
mu6i d6 hoa tan ho ng
a Thi6t l{p b Cn u t<trOi lrt theo a vd b.
b Cho a: 4,2 gam, b : 2,93gam X6c dinh M.
Bi^t: MgCOj; A2CO3 phdn irng v6i clun-g HCI diu sinh *uili'trong ftng, khi cscbonic vd nw6'c
cho, H:l;o 16, c;12; Na;23; Mg:24;Ar.-27; K;39; Ca;40,.Fe;56,.cu;64; zn;65
(2)-HCt -PHoNG GrAo DUC vA DAo rAo orBN cHAu HIIONG IAN crrAvr
on rnAo sAr cnAr rrIqNG Hec srNH KHA, cror
NAv noi 2016-2017
M6n: H6a hoc
Cfiu NQi dung chfnh Bi6u
+.1
olem I a ChAt t6c dung vdi oxi ld: CO, FeO, Fe:O+
-PTHH: 2CO + Oz -l-+2CO2
4FeO + 02 -4 2Fe2O3
4Fe3Oa + 02 -r1+ 6Fe2O3
b ChAt t6c dung v6i nu6c ld: CO2, NO2, K2O
PTHH: CO, + HrO -t FIzCO:
2NO2 + HrO -> HNO2 + HNO3
K2O + HzO -> 2KOH
c FeO, Fe3Oa phin ring duoc v6i hidro FeO + H2 -5 Fe + flrg
Fe3Oa + 4Hz -l 3Fe + 4H2O
1,5
1,5
1,0
2 ,Hda tan 4 ch6't rdn vdo nu6c, chAt ndo kh6ng tan ld M-o-h6i t"" t?o
dung dfch su6t le KzO, P2O5 vd CaO PTHH: K2O + HzO -> 2KOH
PzO: + 3HzO -> 2H3PO4
CaO + HzO -> Ca(OH)2
Nho c6c m6u thu cin3 dung dich su6t lcn giAy quj'tim MAu ndo ldm quj, tim h6a d6 la H3PO4 (ch6t ban dAu ld p2O5); Mdu ldm quj,tim
h6a xanh le KOH vd Ca(OH)2
Thoi khi co2 vio 2 m5u thu cin2 dung dich KoH vd ca(oH)2, mdu ndo bi vAnduc ld ca(oH)2 (chAt ban dAu ld cao), m5u r"ot ia KoH (ban dAu ld K2O)
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 ->CaCO3 +tI2O
0,5
0,75
0,75
0,5
3 c6c binh c6 bdng :
r' ),
g cung di6u ki6n nhiQt d6 vd 6p
thirc: 56 phdn tir : n 6.1023 thi
dng
1,0
b SO nguyOn tir d binh ndo nhi6u ntr6tZ
vi c5c ch6t c6 cirng s6 mol ndn c6 cirng s6 phan tu Do d6, ch6t ndo mir
r^ ) '
ph4n tu c6 nhi6u nguycn ttr nhat thi binh d6 s€ chfa nhi6u nguy€n ru
nn6t Nhu vay, binh chira amoni rc sE c6 s6 nguyOn tu nrrftu nrrat
(Amoniac NH3 phan tt c6 nguyon tu; Nz, 02 phan tir chi c6 nguyOn
tu; Cacbonic COz phdn tu c6 nguy€n tu)
1,0
c Theo c6ng thrlrc: m Vi c6c .h6t .O
lugng moi kh6ng bing 6n khdi lugng cac a.#rt binh kh6ne
(3)bdng
4 1 Thi nghidm chimg to chat cdu tao tu phan tu: Thf nghiOm su khuCch t6n c'(ta amoniac hay thi nghl€ rn sg lan t6a cria thu6c tim
- Thi nghiQm su khuoch t6n cria amoniac: cho vdi ml dung dich amoniac
vho 6ng nghi€m, bo tr€n mi€ng 6ng nghiOm m6t mdu gi6y quj'tim Am
sau m6t thdi gian th6y quj,tim h6a xanh Di6u chring t6 ph6n tu
tdn tu dudi 6ng nghiQm 16n Thi nghiOm ndy chimg
d tpp hgrp cria nhi6u phdn ttr amoniac
t\
-,-2 Thdnh phdn kh6ng gdm khoang ltfr0 tich ld nito, lthd tich ld oxi
NOn kh6i lugng mol trung binh cria kh6ng dugc tfnh ld:
M:1.2s *!.zz:28.8x29 55
O{t5,, hoc sinh tinh theo thenh phdn % v€ th6 tich hodc tinh th6m
\bqgfh" COz cfing chAp nfun)
1,0
5 l.a.PTHH: Fe+2HCl->FeCl2*H2 (l) aa
2Al +6 HCI -> 2AtCb + 3Hz Q)
b l,5b
Goi a, b lAn luot ld s6 mol cta Fe, Al, ta c6:
a.56-|b.27:83
a +1,5 b: 0,25
Gi6i ta duoc a:0,1 mol, b: 0,1 mol -> mFe : 5,6gam, mAl :2] gam
YomFe : 67 ,47%o; %m,\I: 32,53%o
b Gqi c6ng thirc oxit kim loai M le M2O* (x ld h6a tri c0a M, xe Z*)
PTHH: MzO* + xHz -r- 2M+ xH2O
Sti mol Hz tham gia phdn irng ld: 0,25.80yo:0,2 mol
Theo PT: nM2q* : o'2 (mol)
x
Theo bdi ta c6: o'' 72M*l6x) : 16
x
M:32x
X6t: x:l -) M: 32 (loai vi M ld kim loai)
x:2 -> M:64 (nhQn) M ld Cu -> C6ng thric oxit ld CuO
x:3 -> M:96 (loai)
1,5
(4)12 X du ta gih sri h6n hqp chi g6m Fe (kim loai
n i cld cho vi Mp.: 56> Ma1:27)
.22(s)
no" .e = (? :? = 0,39(mor)
Mn" 56
Do Mp" :56 > M16 n6n ! n* thdt
56
oHCl : 0,6(mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl, + 11
Theo PT: ns61 :2rrF":2x0,39: 0,78(mol)
oc rroa tan h6t 0,39 mol Fe cAn 0,7g (mol) HCI nhung thuc t6
nHCl:0,6 mol < 0,78 mol
Khi thay Fe-bing Al thi s6 mol kim loai tdng
^ M?t kh4r ee noa tan I mol Al cAn mol H-cl vdy s6'mol HCI cAn
eC nOa tan h6t hdn hgp X cAn sd mol axit l6n hon nhi6u
Tu (1) vd (2) suy s6 mol h5n hcrp lu6n du
1,5
6 a PTHH: MgCO3 + 2HCI -> MgCl2 + H2O + COz
a
84
a
84
M2CO3 + 2HCl -> 2MCl + H2O + COz b6
2M +60 2M +60
Vi lirc chua eh* img vd sau_phin ring cAn d6u o vi kh6i hi6u kh6i luqng cria ch6t cho vdo vd khi tho6r
:b- b
2M +60
<-2 4oa
=bfi- 44
84 2M +60
<:r 4oo =l- 44 84b 2M +60 <:> 44 =r_4oo
2M+60 84b
/_\ 44 g4b
-40a
:-2M +60 84b <:) 2M*60: 44'84b
84b - 40a <:)M - 22'84b 30
84b - 40a
tri thdng bdng n6n
r , r J
ra pnal bang nnau Nghia ld:
a
a- :-.44
84
0,5
0,5
1,0
b Thay a:4,2,b:2,93 ta duoc Mo39 D6 ld kim loai K 1,0