Nghiên cứu dịch thuật anh việt các thuật ngữ nha khoa trong các tài liệu nha khoa sử dụng cho nha sĩ việt nam​

UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THU HẰNG ENGLISH – VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF ODONTOLOGY TERMS IN ODONTOLOGY MATERIALS USED FOR VIETNAMESE DENTISTS (Nghiên cứu dịch thuật Anh – Việt thuật ngữ Nha khoa tài liệu Nha khoa sử dụng cho Nha sĩ Việt Nam) MA THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 8220201.01 Ha Noi - 2020 UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THU HẰNG ENGLISH – VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF ODONTOLOGY TERMS IN ODONTOLOGY MATERIALS USED FOR VIETNAMESE DENTISTS (Nghiên cứu dịch thuật Anh – Việt thuật ngữ Nha khoa tài liệu Nha khoa sử dụng cho Nha sĩ Việt Nam) MA THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 8220201.01 Supervisor: Assoc.Prof Dr Lê Hùng Tiến Ha Noi - 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my very great gratitude to my esteemed Supervisor, Assoc.Prof.Dr Le Hung Tien, who has unfailingly given me valuable insights into my thesis, oriented me towards the right direction and encourage me to no end throughout the process My deep gratefulness is for my husband, as well as my family, who have always been beside me most of the time of the Thesis and given me so much care and help I would also highly appreciate my colleagues, my husband’s dentist team and my friends for their close and effective cooperation, without which my doing the thesis would have been a much more difficult experience i ABSTRACT This thesis aimed to investigate the translation procedures of the dental terms in the dictionary “Thuật ngữ Răng Hàm Mặt” by the Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Ho Chi Minh Pharmaceutical – Medical University, 1993; and the book “Dental Terminology” by Charline M Dofka, published by Delmar, Cengage Learning, 2012, combined with the field notes taken by the researcher The notes included the commonly-used translation procedures for the translator – the researcher - between doctors and patients or clients, who are the participants in this study in a dental clinic The thesis uses the theoretical framework of translation procedures of Peter Newmark (1995) to classify the translation procedures of those terms and compare with the actual practice of translation The findings of the research reveal that, in some circumstances, many Vietnamese dental terms not make easy sense to the doctors and patients or clients because they are mostly academic or professional terms The paraphrased terms the book “Dental terminology” and their synonyms are helpful in making them more easily-understood The paraphrasing and synonymy procedures by Peter Newmark are also the most effective ones apart from the others which are: literal translation, transference, naturalization, descriptive equivalence, cultural equivalence, shift or transposition and omission The study suggests practical applications of translation procedures in real-life dental translating contexts in Vietnam ii SL TL ST TT DT iii TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i ABSTRACT ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv TABLE OF CONTENT v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Scope of the study 1.3 Aims of the study 1.4 Objectives 1.5 Research questions 1.6 Significance of the study 1.7 Methods of the study 1.8 Organization of the thesis CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 An overview on translation 2.1.1 Translation procedures 2.1.2 Technical translation 2.1.2.1 Definition of technical translation 2.1.2.2 Varieties of technical styles 2.2 An overview on terminology 10 2.2.1 Definition of terminology 10 2.2.2 Dental terminology 10 2.2.2.1 Formation of dental words 10 2.2.2.2 Areas of dental terminology 11 2.2.2.3 Types of dental terms 12 2.3 Summary of the chapter 16 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 18 3.1 Research questions 18 iv 3.2 Methodology 18 3.3 The researcher 19 3.4 Study participants 19 3.5 Mixed methods procedures 19 3.6 Data analysis 20 3.7 Summary of the chapter 21 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 22 4.1 Translation procedures for technical terms 22 4.1.1 Literal translation 23 4.1.2 Transference or naturalization procedures 24 4.1.3 Translation by cultural equivalence procedure 27 4.1.4 Translation by descriptive equivalence procedure 27 4.1.5 Translation by synonymy 29 4.1.6 Translation by paraphrasing technical terms into commonly-used words .29 4.1.7 Shift or transposition procedures 37 4.1.8 Omission procedure 38 4.1.9 Combination of two or more translation procedures 39 4.1.10 Summary 40 4.2 Translation procedures for descriptive terms 40 4.2.1 Literal translation 41 4.2.2 Shift or transposition procedure 41 4.2.3 Omission procedure 42 4.2.4 Summary 42 4.3 Translation procedures applied in translating dental terminology from English to Vietnamese 43 Procedure 1: Literal translation 43 Procedure 2: Transference or naturalization procedures 43 Procedure 3: Translation by descriptive equivalence procedure 44 Procedure 4: Translation by using shift or transposition procedures 44 v Procedure 5: Translation by using procedure of omission 44 Procedure 6: Translation by using synonymy or paraphrasing procedures 44 4.4 Summary of the chapter 44 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS 45 5.1 Summary of key findings 45 5.2 Limitations of the study 46 5.3 Implications of the study 47 REFERENCES 50 APPENDIXES I vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Rationale First of all, it is not difficult to realise that the Odontology is growing in momentum in most of the big cities of Vietnam Many dentistry hospitals, dental clinics have been opened everywhere with a very fast speed Furthermore, one new field has recently appeared and has been more and more paid attention to, that is “Dental Tourism” – it means tourism combines to dentistry, or tourists come to Vietnam and use Vietnam’s dental services It can be said that Dental Tourism will be one of the future key industry of Vietnam, which will contribute a significant part to the development of national tourism Secondly, English for Odontology is like a bridge between the specialists who are dentists, dental doctors, dental technicians, dental nurses and their customers or patients The specialists are interested in Odontology English to serve their job requirements, such as to read and comprehend foreign documents, listen to and understand the content in international workshops, further studies oversea The scholars or researchers pay attention to Odontology English because of their own linguistic purposes The interpreters or translators take interest in Odontology English to help dentists or doctors in their jobs Ordinary people also need Odontology English to have basic dental vocabulary to communicate with dentists to protect their own oral health It can be said that, translation of Odontology terms is a very difficult task because most of the Odontology terms are acedemic and professional ones, which contains their jargon prefixes and suffixes The translator must make them clearer by paraphrasing them into more popularly-used words or phrases Thus, the author of this thesis has made a decision of studying English–Vietnamese Odontology translation procedures with the hope to provide the readers useful translation procedures what can be applied in their jobs and requirements Scope of the study Not many Odontology materials or documents are found in Vietnam’s bookstores This research focuses on studying English Odontology terms and their Vietnamese equivalents, mainly from the dictionary “Thuật ngữ Răng Hàm Mặt” by the Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Ho Chi Minh Pharmaceutical – Medical University, 1993 and the book “Dental Terminology” by Charline M Dofka, published by Delmar, Cengage Learning, 2012 The research would analyse features of typical English Odontology terms, based on some translation procedures, then find out the most commonly applied translation procedures Due to the popularity of the terms “dental” or “dentistry”, I will use them instead of the less popular ones: “odontological” or “odontology” Aims of the study This study is carried out with the aims of making the writer’s job easier when she works as a translator in Hoan Kiem dental clinic, Hai Phong city Simultaneously, the study is the reference source for the people who are concerned about the dentistry industry Objectives Based on the aims of the research, some specific objectives would be drawn out Those are: • To find out the useful translation procedures applied in translation process • To make some implications and applications for the dental term translation process Research questions On this ground, the study seeks the answer to these two questions: Research question 1: What are the translation procedures used in the communication between dentists and patients / clients? Research question 2: What translation procedures are effective? Significance of the study Originating from the problems in the translation job of the researcher, in which the listeners sometimes find it difficult to understand the dental terms, I have studied the changes in the translation methods by applying the translation procedures of Newmark (1995) into my job The results show that patients and doctor communicate more effectively, the listeners not have to ask for the information again and again, the translator does not have to use the online dictionaries during the dialogues Methods of the study A mixed method which is the mixture of both quantitative and qualitative methods is applied in the thesis The participants are the doctors, patients or clients and the translator – also the researcher – working in Hoan Kiem dental clinic, Hai Phong city Organization of the thesis The paper is divided into chapters as follows: English eponyms Kennedy’s classification Angle’s classification Gonion Bell’s palsy Frankfort plane Hutchinson triad Ivy loop wiring Buccal sheft Rubber dam clamp Maryland bridge California bridge Frankfort mandibular incisor angle Richmond crown Steel’s facet II APPENDIX 3: Descriptive equivalence procedure for single terms English terms Cartridge Interocclusal Crown Rest Dislocation Alveoclasia Anaraxia Ankylocheilia Ankyloglossia Cone Cretinism Endolith Convenience jaw relation Bite wing film Idiopathic erosion Tiêu thân hình nêm Cịn gọi mịn cổ Posterior palatal Đê sau Để làm hàm tháo lắp seal IV APPENDIX 4: Synonyms English terms Calculus Buccal Cast Edentate Fossa Germ Overbite V APPENDIX 5: Paraphrasing independent root words English terms Mandibular Pulp Maxillary Dentate Edentate Eyelet Fissure Flange Canine Cacosmia Cervix Clearance Cavity VI APPENDIX 6: Paraphrasing roots as combining forms Root word alveolar apical axis buccal cheilo coronal dens distal enamel fluoride frenum front gingiva glossa gnatho incisor labia lingua mandible VII maxilla mesial mucosa occlude odont orthos stoma temporal VIII APPENDIX 7: Paraphrasing prefixed-added terms * Prefixes denoting quantity or number: Prefixes a- /an- uni- bi- tri- hemi- / semi- poly- mono- quad- / quat- * Prefixes denoting size or degree: hyper- hypoIX macro- / mega- micro- pan- ultra- * Prefixes denoting location or direction: ab- ante- de- ecto- endo- infra- inter- perio- post- pre- retro- sub- supra- trans- * Prefixes denoting condition: anti- a- / an- contraXI dis- mal- pachy- sclero- un- XII APPENDIX 8: Paraphrasing suffixes-added terms * Suffixes indicating condition Suffixes -itis -ium -olus -oma -pathy * Suffixes denoting agent or person concerned Suffixes -ee -ent -eon -er -ician -ist -or XIII APPENDIX 9: Paraphrasing other suffix-added terms English terms Odontalgia Vaccinate Germicide Osteocyte Apicoectomy Prognosis Biology Odontoma Biopsy Gingivalplasty Osteotrophy XIV APPENDIX 10: Shift or transposition English terms Baked porcelain Beveled instrument Intruded gum Inverted cone bur Gliding movement Working cast Polishing brush Buckling growth Apical cyst Eruptive cyst Distal surface Mental foramen Duplication denture Bruxism habit Habit reminder Ridge relation Pulp necrosis Rest bite XV APPENDIX 11 : Omission procedure English terms Architecture of mandible Inferior border of mandible Posture of mandible Luxation of temporo mandibular Mounting on the articulator Periodontal pocket with abscess Loss of contact point Plane of teeth Retropulsion of the mandible Scapel for gingivectomy Skeleton of partial denture Internal face of denture Setting of plaster Spatulation of plaster Vestibule of the mouth Vestibule of oral cavity Scapel for gingivectomy Anesthesia by acupuncture XVI ... ODONTOLOGY MATERIALS USED FOR VIETNAMESE DENTISTS (Nghiên cứu dịch thuật Anh – Việt thuật ngữ Nha khoa tài liệu Nha khoa sử dụng cho Nha sĩ Việt Nam) MA THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code:... đa cho phép; MOD (mesioclusion distal): khớp cắn xa / khớp cắn ngoại biên; DMD (Doctor of medical dentistry): bác sĩ nha khoa; MGJ (mucogingival junction): đường nối lợi dính Source: ? ?Thuật ngữ. .. as “bộ giữ Hawley (một loại hàm trì đợi hàm giả chưa hồn thiện Nha sĩ dùng loại hàm giữ giúp bệnh nhân tạm ăn nhai)” Source: ? ?Thuật ngữ Răng Hàm Mặt” (1993) and the references of description from