Áp dụng các thuật toán dựa trên tìm kiếm bầy đàn để tính toán điều độ tối ưu trong hệ thống điện có xét đến nguồn năng lượng gió

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP HỒ CHÍ MINH TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA LÊ ANH DŨNG ÁP DỤNG CÁC THUẬT TỐN DỰA TRÊN TÌM KIẾM BẦY ĐÀN ĐỂ TÍNH TỐN ĐIỀU ĐỘ TỐI ƢU TRONG HỆ THỐNG ĐIỆN CÓ XÉT ĐẾN NGUỒN NĂNG LƢỢNG GIÓ LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ KỸ THUẬT TP HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂM 2019 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP HỒ CHÍ MINH TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA LÊ ANH DŨNG ÁP DỤNG CÁC THUẬT TOÁN DỰA TRÊN TÌM KIẾM BẦY ĐÀN ĐỂ TÍNH TỐN ĐIỀU ĐỘ TỐI ƢU TRONG HỆ THỐNG ĐIỆN CÓ XÉT ĐẾN NGUỒN NĂNG LƢỢNG GIÓ Chuyên ngành: Mạng hệ thống điện Mã số chuyên ngành: 62525005 NGƢỜI HƢỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC PGS-TS Võ Ngọc Điều TS Đinh Hoàng Bách TP HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂM 2019 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP HỒ CHÍ MINH TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA LÊ ANH DŨNG ÁP DỤNG CÁC THUẬT TỐN DỰA TRÊN TÌM KIẾM BẦY ĐÀN ĐỂ TÍNH TỐN ĐIỀU ĐỘ TỐI ƢU TRONG HỆ THỐNG ĐIỆN CÓ XÉT ĐẾN NGUỒN NĂNG LƢỢNG GIÓ Chuyên ngành: Mạng hệ thống điện Mã số chuyên ngành: 62525005 Phản biện độc lập 1: GS-TS Lê Kim Hùng Phản biện độc lập 2: PGS-TS Quyền Huy Ánh Phản biện 1: PGS-TS Võ Viết Cƣờng Phản biện 2: TS Nguyễn Trung Nhân Phản biện 3: PGS-TS Phạm Đình Anh Khôi NGƢỜI HƢỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC PGS-TS Võ Ngọc Điều TS Đinh Hồng Bách TP.HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂM 2019 LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tôi xin cam đoan báo cáo luận án cơng trình nghiên cứu tự thân Các kết nghiên cứu kết luận luận án trung thực, không chép từ nguồn dƣới hình thức Trong nghiên cứu này, việc tham khảo nguồn tài liệu đƣợc thực trích dẫn ghi nguồn tài liệu tham khảo qui định Tác giả Lê Anh Dũng i TÓM TẮT LUẬN ÁN Hiện thị trƣờng điện đƣợc nhiều nƣớc giới áp dụng có nhiều ƣu điểm, Việt Nam bắt đầu hình thành vận hành thị trƣờng điện nƣớc Một yếu tố quan trọng vận hành hệ thống điện theo thị trƣờng điện phải tính đƣợc công suất phát NMPĐ giá thành điện theo yêu cầu phụ tải trƣớc tham gia phát điện Hơn nữa, hệ thống điện vận hành cần đến yếu tố quan trọng nhƣ: tối ƣu kinh tế, tối ƣu phân bố công suất, tối ƣu công suất phản kháng để hệ thống phát điện với chi phí thấp vận hành ổn định Năng lƣợng gió ngày đƣợc sử dụng nhiều giới nguồn lƣợng tái tạo không ô nhiễm môi trƣờng không tốn chi phí nhiên liệu, nhiên lƣợng gió có chi phí đầu tƣ cao tham gia vào vận hành hệ thống điện làm thay đổi chế độ vận hành đặc biệt vấn đề tối ƣu vận hành hệ thống điện Do nghiên cứu tập trung giải tốn nhƣ sau: điều độ kinh tế hệ thống điện (ED), điều độ tối ƣu phân bố công suất (OPF) điều độ tối ƣu công suất phản kháng (ORPD) hệ thống điện có tham gia nhà máy điện gió (NMĐG) theo yêu cầu phụ tải 24 trƣớc phát điện Các toán nhằm tính giải u cầu chính: cơng suất phát nhà máy với chi phí thấp nhất, cơng suất tối ƣu truyền tải đƣờng dây, điện áp tụ bù nút hệ thống, tổn thất công suất thấp, nâng cao ổn định điện áp nút Từ kết tính đƣợc lựa chọn nhà máy có cơng suất phát tối ƣu, giá bán điện thấp điều kiện ổn định điện áp, công suất truyền tải, tổn thất công suất tốt để tham gia vào hệ thống Trong báo cáo chuyên đề trình bày áp dụng thành cơng phƣơng pháp tìm kiếm bầy đàn cho tốn tối ƣu với hàm số chuẩn, từ lựa chọn thông số cài đặt tốt cho phƣơng pháp tìm kiếm bầy đàn giải toán tối ƣu Trong báo cáo chuyên đề tiếp tục phát triển phƣơng pháp tìm kiếm bầy đàn để áp dụng giải toán ED, OPF ORPD cho hệ thống điện chuẩn IEEE 30 nút tham gia lƣợng gió, lập trình sử dụng phần mềm Matlab Từ kết ii chuyên đề chuyên đề 2, nghiên cứu tiếp tục thực áp dụng phƣơng pháp tìm kiếm bầy đàn để giải toán ED, OPF ORPD cho hệ thống điện chuẩn IEEE 30 nút có tham gia NMĐG yêu cầu phụ tải 24 Kết sau tính tốn có so sánh với kết nghiên cứu đƣợc cơng bố ngồi nƣớc vận hành tối ƣu hệ thống điện có tham gia NMĐG Nghiên cứu khoa học gồm phần sau: Chƣơng 1: Mở đầu Chƣơng 2: Tổng quan Chƣơng 3: Các phƣơng pháp tìm kiếm tối ƣu Chƣơng 4: Điều độ kinh tế hệ thống điện Chƣơng 5:Phân bố tối ƣu công suất hệ thống điện Chƣơng 6: Điều độ tối ƣu công suất phản kháng hệ thống điện Chƣơng 7: Kết luận hƣớng phát triển iii ABSTRACT Electricity deregulation is a popular issue of developed countries Vietnam will operate electricity deregulation in near future years The important problems in power deregulation system operation are power output of generations, load demands, cost of generators, power loss, power flow with compulsive constraints in system Three main subjects relate to this problems which are economic dispatch (ED), optimization power flow (OPF) and optimization reactive power dispatch (ORPD) Moreover, operational parameters of electricity system should calculate 24 hours load before a day, because power load can change following hours per day Although wind farms have high investment cost however, wind energy has many advantages characteristics such as environmental friendly, non-emission, non-fuel operation In future, Vietnam should build many new wind farms because Vietnamese geography position has long beach and convenient weather condition to build wind farms The targets of this research solve three problems about operational optimization of power system with wind farm and 24 hours load demand Three problems are economic dispatch, optimization power flow and optimization reactive power dispatch The research find out particle swarm optimization algorithms which can solve these problems with the best results which are power output of thermal generators, power output of wind turbines, minimum operation cost of thermal power plants and wind farms, 24 hours load demand, power flow, voltage of all bus in system, capacity of capacitor banks, minimum power loss and voltage stability index increasing The research reports four particle swarm optimization algorithms to solve ED, OPF and ORPD problems Four algorithms are particle swarm optimization time varying acceleration coefficients (PSO-TVAC), pseudo gradient particle swarm optimization (PG-PSO), pseudo gradient particle swarm optimization constriction factor (PGPSOCF) and cuckoo search (CS) These algorithms can help to solve ED, OPF, ORPD problems of power system with wind farms connecting and supply 24 hours load demand Combination of these methods and Matlab programming calculate the IEEE iv 30 bus system with wind farm Final results also are compared to scientific reports in international technique journals Chapter introduces the subject of the research Chapter reviews former reports about power system optimization and algorithms in solving ED, OPF and ORPD problems in power system In chapter 2, give assessment, comparison and definition for researching direction Chapter shows particle swarm optimization methods such as PSO-TVAC, PG-PSOCF and CS This chapter details setting parameters for these methods to program exactly and best results Chapter presents and draws the PSO, PSO improvement, CS flowcharts Chapter collects 24 hours wind data from Phuyen province – Vietnam and builds wind power function, wind cost function following wind speed This chapter programs ED problem by IEEE 30 bus system with wind farm connecting The result of ED problem was compared and analyzed to select the best method From wind data and wind cost function of chapter 4, chapter and chapter continue to program and show the results OPF and ORPD problems of IEEE 30 bus system with wind farm combination The results of OPF and OPRD problems have been assessed and compare with scientific public report Chapter generalizes all content of this research and analyzes results in chapter 4, and chapter In this chapter, includes particle swarm optimization algorithms application in ED, OPF and ORPD in Vietnam power system and larger electricity system in future The author would like to thank Associate Professor – Doctor Dieu Ngoc Vo, Doctor Bach Hoang Dinh, all Lecturers and Staffs of Hochiminh City University of Technology for advice and support during my study period and this thesis completion v LỜI CẢM ƠN Tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn Phó giáo sƣ -Tiến sĩ Võ Ngọc Điều, Tiến sĩ Đinh Hồng Bách tận tình hƣớng dẫn giúp đỡ định hƣớng nghiên cứu thu thập tham khảo tài liệu q chun ngành ngồi nƣớc, dẫn soạn thảo hoàn chỉnh luận án Tôi xin trân trọng cảm ơn Thầy Cô giáo viên Bộ môn Hệ thống điện Khoa Điện Điện tử - Trƣờng Đại học Bách Khoa Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh trao đổi đóng góp nhiều ý kiến q giá để hồn thành luận án Tơi xin cảm ơn Q Thầy Cơ cơng tác Phịng Đào tạo sau Đại học Trƣờng Đại học Bách Khoa Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh tận tình trao đổi, cung cấp hƣớng dẫn tham khảo biểu mẫu biên soạn theo qui định, nhƣ giúp đỡ công tác liên quan để hoàn thành báo cáo luận án Sau xin chân thành biết ơn tất tập thể giáo viên Trƣờng Đại học Bách Khoa Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh dạy dỗ giúp đỡ suốt thời gian nghiên cứu sinh Trƣờng vi MỤC LỤC DANH MỤC CÁC HÌNH VẼ x DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG BIỂU xii DANH MỤC CÁC LƢU ĐỒ xiii DANH MỤC CÁC TỪ VIẾT TẮT xiv DANH MỤC CÁC KÝ HIỆU xvi CHƢƠNG MỞ ĐẦU 1.1 Lý chọn đề tài 1.2 Mục đích nghiên cứu 1.3 Đối tƣợng phạm vi nghiên cứu 1.3.1 1.3.2 Đối tƣợng nghiên cứu Phạm vi nghiên cứu 1.4 Phƣơng pháp nghiên cứu CHƢƠNG TỔNG QUAN 2.1 Giới thiệu 2.2 Thuật tốn tìm kiếm bầy đàn tối ƣu hóa 2.3 Tua bin gió tiềm điện gió Việt Nam 2.3.1 Tua bin gió 2.4 Điều độ tối ƣu hệ thống điện 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 Điều độ kinh tế hệ thống điện Điều độ phân bố tối ƣu công suất 10 Điều độ tối ƣu công suất phản kháng 15 2.5 Điều độ tối ƣu hệ thống điện có tham gia NMĐG 18 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 Điều độ kinh tế có tham gia NMĐG 19 Điều độ phân bố tối ƣu cơng suất có tham gia NMĐG 24 Điều độ tối ƣu công suất phản kháng có tham gia NMĐG 29 2.6 Các khiếm khuyết cần khắc phục 32 2.7 Kết luận chƣơng 34 CHƢƠNG CÁC PHƢƠNG PHÁP TÌM KIẾM TỐI ƢU 35 3.1 Tối ƣu hoá bầy đàn (PSO) 35 3.2 Các bƣớc xây dựng thuật toán PSO 37 3.3 Các phƣơng pháp PSO cải tiến 37 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 Phƣơng pháp PSO với hệ số gia tốc biến đổi thời gian PSO-TVAC 38 Phƣơng pháp PSO với gradient giả PG (Pseudo - Gradient) 41 Phƣơng pháp PSO với hệ số giới hạn (CF) 43 3.4 Phƣơng pháp chim tu hú (Cuckoo Search) 46 vii [42] L D Luong, D N Vo, and D A Le, "A Hybrid Differential Evolution and Harmony Search for Nonconvex Economic Dispatch Problems", Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO), July 2013 [43] N A 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BÁCH KHOA LÊ ANH DŨNG ÁP DỤNG CÁC THUẬT TỐN DỰA TRÊN TÌM KIẾM BẦY ĐÀN ĐỂ TÍNH TỐN ĐIỀU ĐỘ TỐI ƢU TRONG HỆ THỐNG ĐIỆN CÓ XÉT ĐẾN NGUỒN NĂNG LƢỢNG GIÓ Chuyên ngành: Mạng hệ thống điện Mã số chuyên... Hiện để tính tốn vận hành tối ƣu hệ thống điện, ngƣời ta dùng số thuật toán truyền thống với hỗ trợ máy tính để tính điều độ tối ƣu hệ thống điện Áp dụng thuật toán để giải toán vận hành tối ƣu hệ. .. pháp tìm kiếm bầy đàn giải toán tối ƣu Trong báo cáo chuyên đề tiếp tục phát triển phƣơng pháp tìm kiếm bầy đàn để áp dụng giải toán ED, OPF ORPD cho hệ thống điện chuẩn IEEE 30 nút khơng có