HOW TO PARAPHRASE IN THE IELTS TEST BY NGOCBACH

+ Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) HOW TO PARAPHRASE IN THE IELTS TEST BY NGOCBACH LÝ THUYẾT A – TASK In general Particular words B – TASK 17 In general 17 Particular words 24 Particular topics 27 THỰC HÀNH 30 EDUCATION – PARAPHRASING 30 WORK – PARAPHRASING 35 CRIME – PARAPHRASING 39 THE ENVIRONMENT – PARAPHRASING 43 TRANSPORT – PARAPHRASING 47 + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) PARAPHRASE IELTS WRITING (saying the same things in different words) LÝ THUYẾT A – TASK 1 In general You can try using different subjects to make your writing more flexible For example, instead of saying “the number of people who learned English increased in 1950s”, you can say that “in the 1950s, more people tended to learn English than in the past.” It is very important to note that the words and expressions below are not lists of synonyms A few examples are given here, but look for these expressions when you are reading, to see how they are used To take just one example: made = produced sometimes, but not all the time We can say that Rice is produced in India, but we cannot say that Rice is made in India In other words, always notice how and when words and expressions can be used You should also note that you can repeat key words from the task diagram in your report, but try to avoid doing this too often If you study the vocabulary, you will be able to make the vocabulary and structure of your reports more varied Dịch đại ý Khái quát Bạn sử dụng chủ ngữ khác để làm viết trở nên linh hoạt Ví dụ, thay viết “sơ lượng người học Tiếng Anh tăng lên năm 1950”, bạn viết “trong năm 1950, nhiều người có xu hướng học Tiếng Anh trước đây.” Chúng ta cần ý từ vựng cụm từ danh sách từ đồng nghĩa Mình có đưa số ví dụ đây, bạn cố gắng tìm cụm từ bạn đọc tiếng anh để xem chúng dung Ví dụ, made sử dụng produced, khơng phải lúc Ta viết Rice is produced in India, viết Rice is made in India Nói cách khác, ln ý cách dùng từ cụm từ Bạn cần lưu ý bạn lặp lại từ khóa miêu tả biểu đồ Task 1, cố gắng tránh lạm dụng Nếu bạn học từ vựng, bạn linh hoạt khiến từ vựng cấu trúc viết bạn đa dạng - Subject refers to figures – Verb refers to increases/ decreases + The number of/ The figure for/ The proportion of/ The percentage of people who … (relative clause) + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) + The number of/ The figure for people + V-ing/ (reduced relative clause) + There was an increase/ rise/ growth….in the number of… noun + V-ing or V-ed + There was a decrease/ drop/ fall/ decline…in the number of…noun +V-ing or V-ed Dịch đại ý + Số lượng/ Số liệu/ Tỉ lệ/ Phần trăm người + who (mệnh đề quan hệ) + Số lượng/ Số liệu người + Ving (mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn) + Có tăng lên số lượng ….+ danh từ + Ving/ Ved + Có giảm số lượng của…+ danh từ + Ving/ Ved Example: (Phần ví dụ em bổ sung thêm nhiều ví dụ nhé) + In 1999, the proportion of people using the Internet in the USA was about 20% + There has been an increase in the cost of coffee + The number of people going to college rose to million + The proportion of people shopping at Wal Mart was 5% + The figure for people who like to go to Mexico in the summer increased last year + There was a rise in the percentage of children born by C-section + There has been a growth in the number of countries affected by drought this year + There was a decrease in the number of hospitals Dịch đại ý Ví dụ + Năm 1999, phần trăm người sử dụng Internet Mỹ khoảng 20% + Có tăng lên giá cà phê + Số lượng người học đại học tăng lên đến triệu người + Phần trăm người mua sắm Wal Mart khoảng 5% + Số lượng người thích đến Mexico vào mùa hè tăng lên + Có tăng lên phần trăm đứa trẻ sinh cách sinh mổ (C-section = Caeserean section – sinh mổ) + Có tăng lên số lượng quốc gia bị ảnh hưởng hạn hán năm + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) + Có tăng lên số lượng bệnh viện - Subject refers to the chart - Sử dụng chủ ngữ biểu đồ + The chart/ graph/ illustration/ map/ table…shows/ illustrates/ gives information about/ provides information about/ compares… Example: The chart shows a change in the percentage of international students among university graduates in different Canadian provinces between 2001 and 2006 Dịch đại ý + Biểu đồ/ hình minh họa/ bảng…thể hiện/ minh họa/ cung cấp thơng tin/ so sánh… + Ví dụ: Biểu đồ cho thấy thay đổi phần trăm sinh viên quốc tế số người tôt nghiệp đại học vùng khác Canada tu 2001 đên 2006 - Subject refers to what is shown in the chart + People tend to + V + X is the most popular … + Company A reduced its waste production + The …(noun: consumption, spending…) is highest + People show their preference for… + People have a tendency to sth Dịch đại ý + Mọi người có xu hướng + động từ (làm đó) + X …phổ biến + Công ty A giảm lượng nước thải công ty + …là cao + Mọi người cho thấy u thích với… + Mọi người có xu hướng làm Example: (bổ sung ví dụ) + In 2005, Internet usage in both the USA and Canada rose to around 70% of the population, while the figure for Mexico reached just over 25% + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) + People in Britain spent just over £170,000 on photographic film, which is the highest figure shown on the chart By contrast, Germans were the lowest overall spenders, with roughly the same figures (just under £150,000) for each of the six products + Corn was the most popular food in Texas during the 60s + The consumption of chocolate in the Middle East was higher than in India + During the 1950s, the consumption of alcohol was highest in the USA, followed by Russia and Germany + People showed their preference for travelling to work by car, rather than by bus or train + People have a tendency to shop in their neighborhood, which often benefits the local grocery stores more than it does supermarkets Dịch đại ý + Năm 2005, việc sử dụng Internet Mỹ Canada tăng lên khoảng 70% dân số, số liệu Mexico khoảng 25% + Người dân Anh tiêu khoảng 170000 bảng cho phim ảnh, số liệu cao thể biểu đồ Ngược lại, người Đức người chi tiêu cho tất sản phẩm, với số liệu nhau, 150000 bảng cho sản phẩm số sản phẩm + Ngô thực phẩm phổ biến Texas năm 60 + Lượng tiêu thụ socola vùng Trung Đông cao Ấn Độ + Trong năm 1950, lượng tiêu thụ rượu Mỹ cao nhất, theo sau Nga Đức + Người dân cho thấy ưa thích dùng tơ để làm bus hay tàu + Người dân thường có xu hướng mua sắm gần nhà, điều có lợi cho cửa hang tạp hóa thơng thường siêu thị Particular words - A period of time + during the period between X and Y + between X and Y + from X to Y + during the 1950s + within five fears from X to Y + over the period from X to Y + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) + over a period of 17 years + during the researched/ observed period + at the beginning/ end of the period shown Dịch đại ý + khoảng thời gian X Y (năm X Y) + X Y + từ X đến Y + năm 1950 + vòng năm từ X đến Y + khoảng thời gian từ X đến Y + qua 17 năm + thời gian nghiên cứu/ quan sát + giai đoạn đầu/ cuối Example: (bổ sung ví dụ) + In contrast, the divorce rate peaked in 1980, at nearly 1.5 million divorces, before falling (back) to million at the end of the period + The bar chart compares the cost of an average house in five major cities over a period of 13 years from 1989 + London experienced by far the greatest changes in house prices over the 13-year period + The First World War took place between 1914 and 1918 + During the 1950s, the US economy quickly developed, making it the biggest economy in the world + Within years from 1920 to 1926, hundreds of factories were established + Many schools were founded over a period of 25 years from 1900 to 1925 + During the period shown in the graph, the quantity of ice cream consumed in Italy fell by about 25% Dịch đại ý Ví dụ + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) + Ngược lại, tỉ lệ li hôn cao vào năm 1980, gần 1.5 triệu vụ li hôn, trước giảm xuống triệu vào giai đoạn cuối + Biểu đồ cột so sánh chi phí nhà thành phố lớn thời gian 13 năm kể từ năm 1989 + London trải qua thay đổi lớn giá nhà khoảng 13 năm + Thế chiến thứ diễn từ năm 1914 đến 1918 + Trong năm 1950, kinh tế Hoa Kỳ phát triển nhanh chóng, trở thành kinh tế lớn giới + Trong vòng năm kể từ 1920 đến 1926, hàng trăm nhà máy thành lập + Rất nhiều trường học sáng lập khoảng thời gian 25 năm từ 1900 đến 1925 + Trong khoảng thời gian thể biểu đồ, số lượng kem tiêu thụ Ý giảm khoảng 25% - Age group + between X and Y years old + X - to Y-year-olds + X - to Y-year-old students + people (who are) aged X to Y + people who fall into the X to Y age group + people who belong to the X to Y age group + in their forties (40 – 49 years old) Dịch đại ý + X Y tuổi + X- Y tuổi + học sinh X –Y tuổi + người có tuổi từ X đến y + người rơi vào nhóm tuổi từ X đến Y + người thuộc nhóm tuổi X đến Y + độ tuổi 40 (40-49 tuổi) + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) - Old people: the elderly = elderly people = senior citizens - Young people: the young = teenagers = youngsters - Middle aged people = people aged 40 to 60 - People in early adulhood = people who fall into 20 to 40 age group Dịch đại ý - Người già: người già = cư dân cao tuổi - Người trẻ: người trẻ = niên - Người trung niên = người có tuổi 40 – 60 - Người trẻ = người có tuổi từ 20 – 40 Example: + 12% of those aged between 14 and 16 years old were current smokers + There was a fall in the number of 16-19 year olds studying in higher education in Greece + The majority of students aged 16 to 18 were doing vocational courses + People in their forties went to the cinema more frequently than elderly people + While 60% of people who fell into the 30-50 age group owned at least one car, this proportion fell to 40% among those who belonged to the 50-60 age group + The period between 1980 and 1990 saw a dramatic increase in the number of youngsters and people in early adulthood who had motorbikes - Spending + Noun: Spending = expenditure/ spender = consumer + Verb (active form): spend = use one’s money + Verb (passive form): be spent on = be allocated for = be used for = be expended = be paid out for Dịch đại ý - Việc chi tiêu + Danh từ: spending = expenditure/ người chi tiêu = người tiêu dùng + Động từ (dạng chủ động): chi tiêu = dùng tiền + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) + Động từ (dạng bị động): chi tiêu cho = phân bổ cho = dùng cho = trả cho Example: + Around $800 per person was spent on IELTS books by Vietnamese consumers in 2017 + Germans were the lowest overall spenders, with roughly the same figures (just under £150,000) for each of the six products + Spending on IELTS books increased dramatically to $800 in 2017 + Among US consumers, in 1990 $1 billion was spent on clothes, while the expenditure on holidays was almost double this figure + Almost half of government spending was allocated for health and education Dịch đại ý Ví dụ + Khoảng 800$/ người người tiêu dùng Việt Nam chi tiêu cho sách IELTS năm 2017 + Người Đức người chi tiêu tổng thể, với số liệu gần giống (duoiws 150000 bảng) cho sản phẩm số sản phẩm + Chi tiêu cho sách IELTS tăng lên đáng kể, lên tới 800$ năm 2017 + Với người tiêu dùng Mỹ, năm 1990 có tỉ chi tiêu cho quần áo, tiêu dùng cho kỳ nghỉ gần gấp đôi số liệu - Consumption + Noun: X consumption = X use/ the amount of X used/ consumed + Verb: consume = use Example: + The charts compare the amount of water used for agriculture, industry and homes around the world, and water use in Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo + We can also see that water consumption was considerably higher in Brazil than in the Congo + The amount/The quantity of ice cream consumed fell from 5000 litres in 2004 to 3750 litres in 2007 Dịch đại ý - Tiêu dùng + Danh từ: Tiêu dùng cho X = Việc sử X/ Lượng X dùng/ tiêu thụ + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 10 • there are few chances for young people to have a good career – there are few opportunities for young people to have good job prospects/there a few chances of good job prospects for young people: Người trẻ có hội để có hướng tốt/cơng việc tốt • or even to have a job which is likely to last a long time – or even to have a permanent job/or even to have a steady job: Hoặc chí có cơng việc cố định In the modern world, there are few opportunities for young people to have good job prospects, or even to have a steady job An increasing number of people are not motivated to be successful and are not interested in the chance to move to a more important position at work  An increasing number of people – Increasingly, people /A growing number of people: Số người … tăng lên  are not motivated to be successful – have no career ambitions/are not ambitious: Khơng có tham vọng nghiệp • and are not interested in the chance to move to a more important position at work – and have no interest in promotion opportunities/and are not interested in promotion opportunities: Không quan tâm đến hội thăng tiến A growing number of people have no career ambitions and are not interested in promotion opportunities Dịch đại ý: People who work in an office experience working conditions that are safe, but boring • People who – Those people who/Those who: Những người/Những người mà… • work in an office – work at a desk/have a desk job: Làm văn phịng/làm cơng việc bàn giấy • experience working conditions that are safe, but boring – experience a working environment that is safe but tedious/have a working environment that is safe, but boring: Làm việc môi trường an nhàn công việc lại nhàm chán Those people who have a desk job experience a working environment that is safe, but tedious In any job, working alongside people who give help and encouragement enables you to feel good about the job that you  In any job – In all jobs/ In whatever job: Dù cơng việc + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 36  working alongside people who give help and encouragement – working with supportive colleagues/being alongside supportive work colleagues: Làm việc đồng nghiệp ln khuyến khích hỗ trợ  enables you to feel good about the job that you – enables everyone to enjoy work satisfaction/enables everyone to be more satisfied at work: Sẽ giúp người có cảm giác thoải mái làm việc In whatever job, working alongside supportive colleagues enables everyone to enjoy work satisfaction In order to save money, some firms encourage older employees to leave work a few years earlier by offering them extra money or other benefits • In order to save money – In order to economise/In order to cut down on wages: Để tiết kiệm tiền • some firms encourage older employees to leave work a few years earlier – some companies encourage older employees to take early retirement/some companies encourage older employees to retire early: Một số cơng ty khuyến khích nhân viên lớn tuổi nghỉ hưu sớm vài năm  by offering them extra money or other benefits – with an offer of a retirement package/by offering them a retirement package: Bằng cách trả thêm tiền hay đưa phúc lợi khác In order to cut down on wages, some companies encourage older employees to take early retirement by offering them a retirement package Some countries have laws which state the lowest wage that a business is allowed to pay, and which guarantee money for those who are unemployed • Some countries have laws – Some countries have legislation/A number of countries have legislation: Một số nước có quy định • which states the lowest wage that a business is allowed to pay – which states the minimum wage/which stipulates the minimum wage: Nêu mức lương tối thiểu mà công ty phải trả • and which guarantees money for those who are unemployed – and which guarantees unemployment benefit/and which provides unemployment benefit: Và đảm bảo trợ cấp cho lao động thất nghiệp + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 37 A number of countries have legislation which states the minimum wage and which guarantees unemployment benefit + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 38 CRIME – PARAPHRASING Some people think that governments should deal with crime severely, and that every illegal action should be punished, even if it is not very serious • Some people think that – There are those who argue that/Some argue that: Một số người cho • governments should deal with crime severely – governments should adopt tough policies to deal with crime/governments should be tough on crime: Chính phủ nên áp dụng sách nghiêm minh để giải vấn đề tội phạm • and punish every illegal action, even if it is not very serious – and punish even minor crimes/and adopt a policy of zero tolerance: xử phạt tất hành vi trái pháp luật dù hành vi khơng nghiêm trọng – There are those who argue that governments should be tough on crime and adopt a policy of zero tolerance There are many reasons why people start committing crimes, but the law must be applied strictly in all cases, without any excuses • There are many reasons why – A number of factors explain why/Several factors explain why: Có nhiều lí sao… • people start committing crimes – people turn to crime/people become criminals: người thực hành vi phạm tội • but the law must be applied strictly in all cases, without any excuses – but the letter of the law must be applied in all cases/but the strict application of the law is essential in all cases: nhiên hoàn cảnh nào, pháp luật phải nghiêm minh – Several factors explain why people turn to crime, but the letter of the law must be applied in all cases People who support the policy of punishment by death believe that it will protect those who obey and respect the law • People who support the policy of – Supporters of the policy of/Those who advocate the policy of: Những người tán thành sách… + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 39 - • punishment by death – the death penalty/capital punishment: Án phạt tử hình • believe that it will protect those who obey and respect the law – believe that it will protect law-abiding citizens/believe that it will protect everyone who abides by the law: tin điều bảo vệ công dân tuân theo pháp luật Supporters of the policy of capital punishment believe that it will protect law-abiding citizens Former prisoners should have a chance of living a normal life when they have finished their time in prison • Former prisoners – Ex-prisoners/Ex-offenders: Phạm nhân sau tù • should have a chance of living a normal life – should have a chance of rehabilitation/should have a chance of leading a normal life: cần trao hội để sống đời bình thường • when they have finished their time in prison - when they have served their prison sentences/when they have served their time in prison: sau chấp hành xong mức phạt tù – Ex-offenders should have a chance of rehabilitation when they have served their prison sentences Many people think that it is right to punish people who act illegally with the strictest punishment possible • Many people think that – It is widely believed that/It is widely thought that: Nhiều người nghĩ – Nhiều người tin rằng/Số đơng cho • it is right to punish people who act illegally – it is right to punish wrongdoers/it is correct to punish wrongdoers: Xử phạt người vi phạm pháp luật hợp lý/đúng đắn • with the strictest punishment possible – with the full weight of the law/with the most severe punishment available: hình thức xử phạt nghiêm khắc It is widely believed that it is correct to punish wrongdoers with the full weight of the law + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 40 Some teachers used to think that punishing children by physically hurting them made them less likely to misbehave in future • Some teachers used to think that – One view among some teachers used to be that/One view among some teachers was that: Một số giáo viên cho • punishing children by physically hurting them – hitting children as a punishment/corporal punishment of children: Dùng đòn roi để phạt học sinh – Đánh đập học sinh • made them less likely to misbehave in future – acted as a deterrent/stopped them from misbehaving in future: Sẽ làm chúng sau không tái phạm – biện pháp ngăn chặn học sinh tái phạm hành vi sai trái sau – One view among some teachers was that corporal punishment of children acted as a deterrent There are other options to prison, such as sentences which are not served in prison, which may involve offenders seeing an official regularly to check on their good behaviour • There are other options to prison – There are alternatives to imprisonment/There are alternatives to going to prison: Có nhiều hình phạt khác ngồi phạt tù • such as sentences which are not served in prison – such as non-prison sentences/non-custodial sentences: Chẳng hạn phạt cải tạo khơng giam giữ • which may involve offenders seeing an official regularly to check on their good behaviour – which may involve an offender being put on probation/which may mean that offenders are put on probation: Trong người phạm tội bị quản chế - có nhân viên xem xét thái độ hợp tác kẻ phạm tội – There are alternatives to imprisonment, such as non-custodial sentences, which may mean that offenders are put on probation Scientific tests to show that someone has carried out a crime are often used to prove criminals guilty • Scientific tests to show that– Scientific evidence to show that/Forensic evidence to indicate that: Các thử nghiệm cho thấy • someone has carried out a crime – someone has committed a crime/someone has committed an offence: Kẻ phạm tội + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 41 • is often used to prove criminals guilty – is often used to convict criminals/is often used to convict offenders: phạm tội trước – Forensic evidence to indicate that someone has committed a crime is often used to convict offenders + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 42 THE ENVIRONMENT – PARAPHRASING Many people now agree that we need to reduce air pollution from vehicles as part of the struggle to prevent changes in our climate • Many people now agree that we need – It is now widely agreed that it is necessary/There is now growing agreement that it is necessary: Hiện nay, nhiều người đồng ý cần… - Số đông đồng ý cần phải… • to reduce air pollution from vehicles – to cut down on car emissions/to reduce vehicle emissions: Giảm khí thải xe cộ as part of the struggle to prevent changes in our climate – as part of the fight to combat climate change/in order to fight climate change: phần thách thức chiến ứng phó với biến đổi khí hậu • – There is now growing agreement that it is necessary to cut down on vehicle emissions in order to fight climate change Unless we try to reduce our consumption of oil, coal and gas, we will only achieve economic development by destroying our natural resources • Unless we try – Unless an effort is made/If no effort is made: Nếu không nỗ lực • to reduce our consumption of oil, coal and gas – to reduce dependence on fossil fuels/to reduce reliance on fossil fuels: Giảm thiểu tiêu thụ dầu mỏ, than đá, khí ga/ giảm lệ thuộc vào nhiên liệu hố thạch • we will only achieve economic development by destroying our natural resources – it will be impossible to achieve sustainable development/the achievement of sustainable development will be impossible: phát triển bền vững Unless an effort is made to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, it will be impossible to achieve sustainable development At international meetings, governments must use their influence to support efforts to promote clean energy that does not rely on fossil fuels • At international meetings – At international conferences/At international summits: Tại đàm phán quốc tế + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 43 • governments must use their influence to support – governments should throw their weight behind/governments must support: Các phủ phải dùng sức ảnh hưởng để hỗ trợ • efforts to promote clean energy that does not rely on fossil fuels – efforts to promote renewable energy sources/efforts to promote alternative energy sources: nỗ lực quảng bá nguồn lượng tái tạo At international summits, governments should throw their weight behind efforts to promote alternative energy sources There must be regulations agreed by all governments to stop chemical factories from disposing of waste products which cause damage to the environment • There must be regulations agreed by all governments – International agreements are necessary/International government regulations are necessary: Cần phải có quy định chung để phủ tn theo • to stop chemical factories disposing of waste products – to stop the discharge of chemical waste/to prevent factories from discharging chemical waste: Nhằm ngăn chặn nhà máy hoá chất thải phế phẩm/ ngăn việc thải chất hố học mơi trường • which cause damage to the environment – which leads to environmental degradation/which results in environmental degradation: gây tàn phá môi trường International agreements are necessary to prevent factories from discharging chemical waste which results in environmental degradation Businesses which produce poisonous, unwanted waste should be made to accept responsibility for their actions and fined heavily • Businesses which produce – Companies producing/Enterprises which produce: Những doanh nghiệp/Cơng ty/Xí nghiệp sản xuất… • poisonous, unwanted waste – toxic waste/toxic waste products: Các chất thải độc hại + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 44 • should be made to accept responsibility for their actions and fined heavily – should be held accountable for their actions/should be held responsible for their actions: Sẽ phải chịu trách nhiệm cho hành vi bị xử phạt nghiêm Companies which produce toxic waste should be held accountable for their actions and fined heavily Individuals can take action to make environmental problems less severe, for example by supporting one or more of the organisations working to protect the environment • Individuals can take action – It is possible for individuals to act/ Action by individuals is possible: Cá nhân có thể… • to make environmental problems less severe - to alleviate environmental problems/to alleviate environmental impacts: giảm thiểu tác động đến môi trường • by supporting one or more of the organisations working to protect the environment – by supporting the green movement/by joining the green movement: thông qua việc tham gia phong trào mơi trường xanh It is possible for individuals to act to alleviate environmental problems, for example by joining the green movement Many species of animals are now very few in number, so some people think that the reproduction of these animals in zoos is the solution • Many species of animals are now very few in number – Many animal species are now almost extinct/Many animal species are on the brink of extinction: Nhiều loài động vật đứng trước nguy tuyệt chủng • so some people think that – therefore one proposed solution is/therefore one argument is that the solution is: Vì giải pháp đưa • the reproduction of these animals in zoos – captive breeding in zoos/captive breeding programmes: áp dụng chương trình ni nhốt sinh sản động vật Many animal species are on the brink of extinction, therefore one proposed solution is captive breeding programmes + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 45 Some people believe that many rare plants and animals may not survive, because of damage to the places where these species live • Some people believe that – It is widely thought that/It is widely believed that: Một số người tin – Số đông nghĩ • many rare plants and animals may not survive – many endangered species may not survive/many endangered species of plants and animals may not survive: Các loài động thực vật q khơng thể sống sót • because of damage to the places where these species live – because of habitat destruction/because of the destruction of their habitats: Do môi trường sống chúng bị tàn phá – It is widely thought that many endangered species of plants and animals may not survive because of the destruction of their habitats + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 46 TRANSPORT – PARAPHRASING Different ways to encourage more people to use public transport include the issue of cheap tickets, that can be used on regular journeys many times in a particular period, or the provision of documents that allow children and elderly people to travel free on buses and trains • Different ways to encourage more people to use public transport – Various means of encouraging more people to use public transport/ Different forms of encouraging more people to use public transport: Có nhiều phương pháp để khuyến khích người sử dụng phương tiện công cộng nhiều • include the issue of cheap tickets that can be used on regular journeys many times in a particular period – include the offer of cheap season tickets/ include the offer of cheap season tickets: Trong bao gồm giảm giá vé tháng chuyến cố định hay giai đoạn cụ thể • or the provision of documents that allow children and elderly people to travel free on buses and trains – or the provision of free bus and train passes for children and elderly people/or the provision of free bus and train passes for children and the elderly: Hay đưa sách miễn phí vé xe buýt, vé tàu cho người già, trẻ em – Various forms of encouraging more people to use public transport include the issue of cheap season tickets or the provision of free bus and train passes for children and the elderly We must spend money on improving things like roads, railways, bus and train stations and implement a system of timetables to connect bus and train services efficiently • We must – It is necessary to/It is essential to: Chúng ta phải – Cần phải… • spend money on improving things like roads, railways, bus and train stations – invest in transport infrastructure/spend money on improving transport infrastructure: Đầu tư tiền để cải tạo đường bộ, đường sắt, trạm xe buýt ga tàu – đầu tư vào sở hạ tầng giao thông/đầu tư tiền cải tạo sở hạ tầng giao thơng • and implement a system of timetables to connect bus and train services efficiently – and implement an integrated transport system/and implement an efficient system of integrated transport: Thực hệ thống lộ trình để kết nối hiệu dịch vụ xe buýt tàu hoả - thực hệ thống giao thơng tích hợp có hiệu – It is essential to invest in transport infrastructure and implement an efficient system of integrated transport + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 47 There is a lack of public transport for people who live in rural areas, and so we should improve bus and train services to make them more available • There is a lack of public transport for people who live in rural areas– There is a shortage of public transport for people who live in rural areas/People in rural areas often have no access to public transport: Người dân sống vùng nông thôn thường không tiếp cận phương tiện cơng cộng • and so we should – and so it is important to/and so it is necessary to: Vì vậy, nên… - Vì vậy, điều quan trọng/cần thiết phải… • improve bus and train services to make them more available/upgrade and expand public transport provision/upgrade and expand the availability of public transport: nâng cấp mở rộng hệ thống giao thông công cộng – People in rural areas often have no access to public transport, and so it is important to upgrade and expand public transport provision Experts have shown that traffic can move more easily in cities which have sections of the roads specifically reserved for buses and bicycles • Experts have shown that – It has been proved that/Studies have shown that: Các chuyên gia cho thấy – Họ chứng minh rằng/Nghiên cứu • traffic can move more easily in cities – traffic flow can be eased in cities/traffic flow is eased in cities: Phương tiện giao thơng lại dễ dàng thành phố/Dịng xe lưu thơng thuận lợi thành phố • which have sections of the roads specifically reserved for buses and bicycles – which have dedicated bus and cycle lanes/which have lanes dedicated for the use of buses and cyclists: Nơi có phần đường/làn đường riêng dành cho xe buýt xe đạp – Studies have shown that traffic flow is eased in cities which have dedicated bus and cycle lanes We should reduce the time taken travelling to and from work by encouraging travel at times when fewer people are using public transport + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 48 • We should reduce – It is necessary to reduce/It is essential to reduce: Chúng ta nên giảm thiểu – Giảm thiểu…là cần thiết • the time taken travelling to and from work – travel times to and from work/commuting times: Thời gian làm tan làm/thời gian di chuyển đến chỗ làm • by encouraging travel at times when fewer people are using public transport – by encouraging off-peak travel on public transport/by encouraging travel on public transport outside peak hours: Bằng cách khuyến khích lại vào thời gian người sử dụng phương tiện cơng cộng – cách khuyến khích lại vào thấp điểm xe buýt – It is necessary to reduce commuting times by encouraging off-peak travel on public transport Most people agree that accidents can be reduced if cameras are put on roads to check that motorists are obeying the speed limits, or if raised areas are built on roads to make vehicles go more slowly • Most people agree that accidents can be reduced – It is widely agreed that accidents can be reduced/It is generally agreed that accidents will be reduced: Hầu hết người/Số đơng đồng ý giảm thiểu tai nạn • if cameras are put on roads to check that motorists are obeying the speed limits – if speed cameras are installed/if speed cameras are placed on roads: Nếu lắp camera an ninh đường để kiểm tra xem lái xe có chấp hành tốc độ cho phép • or if raised areas are built on roads to make vehicles go more slowly – or if traffic calming measures are introduced/or if raised areas are built on roads as a traffic calming measure: Hoặc xây gờ giảm tốc lái xe chậm lại – It is generally agreed that accidents will be reduced if speed cameras are installed, or if traffic calming measures are introduced A lot of people think that one of the most effective actions to ensure that roads are made safer is to punish severely motorists who drive after drinking alcohol • A lot of people think that – It is commonly agreed that/It is commonly considered that: Nhiều người nghĩ – Nhiều người đồng tình rằng… • one of the most effective actions to ensure that roads are made safer – one of the most effective measures to make roads safer/one of the most effective road safety + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 49 measures: Một biện pháp/phương pháp hữu hiệu để đảm bảo đường an tồn • is to punish severely motorists who drive after drinking alcohol – is to punish severely motorists who drive while intoxicated/is to punish severely all motorists who drink and drive: Là xử phạt nghiêm khắc người lái xe sau uống rượu bia – It is commonly agreed that one of the most effective road safety measures is to punish severely motorists who drive while intoxicated More and more people are travelling internationally due to the expansion of companies offering cheap flights, and the ease of buying tickets on the internet • More and more people are travelling internationally – International travel is growing/International travel is increasing: Càng ngày nhiều người du lịch nước – Du lịch quốc tế ngày tăng lên • due to the expansion of companies offering cheap flights – due to the expansion of economy airlines/due to the growth of budget airlines: Do công ty mở rộng bán vé máy bay giá rẻ/do ngày có nhiều vé máy bay giá rẻ • and the ease of buying tickets on the internet – and the ease of online booking/and the convenience of online booking: Đặt mua vé dễ dàng & tiện lợi thông qua Internet – International travel is increasing due to the growth of budget airlines, and the convenience of online booking + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học thầy Bách, bạn truy cập: www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học” + Hotline tư vấn đăng ký học: 0974657403 (email tư vấn: ieltsbach1707@gmail.com) 50 ... criminals/delinquents = young criminals = criminals at a young age + to put sb into prison = to imprison sb = to put sb in jail = to send sb to prison = to sentence criminals to prison = to impose... access to the Internet in comparison with Mexicans, and Canada experienced the fastest growth in Internet usage + 50% of people using the Internet in the US are teenagers + The number of Internet... people using the Internet in the USA was about 20% + There has been an increase in the cost of coffee + The number of people going to college rose to million + The proportion of people shopping at