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PRACTICE TEST 4 A . There are a myriad of lifestyle issues affecting the youth of today. Such is the pressure heaped on many schoolgoers to achieve academic excellence by their parents that these1_______ (real) expectations are causing children to become hopelessly depressed.Indeed, some, in their 2_______ (despair) to escape and their sense of guilt at beingunable reach the levels of success demanded of them by their 3_______ (push) parents,either rebel in what is 4_______ (amount) to a cry for help, or, worse still, engage in5_______ (harm). It is no coincidence that suicide rates, expecially amongst youngmales, have been rising steadily for some time now. These are tough times to be a teen.Then there are those who get hooked on the internet; the 6 _____ (virtue) world becomes their reality. For these teens, their social circle shrinks 7_______ (drama) until,at last, their friendship sphere is limited solely to their online 8_______ (bud). Not alone do they commonly suffer from sleep 9_______ (private) on account of their destructive addiction to game play and netsurfing, their behaviour may become so 10 _____ (err)and peculiar over time as to be considered 11_______ (social) . And while they sit at their computer screens hidden away in splendid isolation from the real world, such is the lack of exercise they get that their calorie intake far exceeds what is necessary for them to maintain a stable weight. In essence, due to their sedentary lifestyle, their weight12_______ (rocket) until such time as they become morbidly obese. 1. unrealistic : phi thực tế 2. desperation: sự tuyệt vọng 3. pushy: thúc ép 4. tantamount: tương đương với 5. selfharm: tự làm hại bản thân 6. virtual: ảo 7. dramatically 8. buddies: bạn 9. deprivation: sự tước đoạt 10. erractic: thất thường 11. antisocial: khó gần gũi 12. skyrockets: tăng mạnh
WORD FORMATION EXERCISES PRACTICE TEST A There are a myriad of lifestyle issues affecting the youth of today Such is the pressure heaped on many school-goers to achieve academic excellence by their parents that these1 _ (real) expectations are causing children to become hopelessly depressed.Indeed, some, in their _ (despair) to escape and their sense of guilt at beingunable reach the levels of success demanded of them by their _ (push) parents,either rebel in what is _ (amount) to a cry for help, or, worse still, engage in5 _ (harm) It is no coincidence that suicide rates, expecially amongst youngmales, have been rising steadily for some time now These are tough times to be a teen.Then there are those who get hooked on the internet; the _ (virtue) world becomes their reality For these teens, their social circle shrinks _ (drama) until,at last, their friendship sphere is limited solely to their online _ (bud) Not alone they commonly suffer from sleep _ (private) on account of their destructive addiction to game play and net-surfing, their behaviour may become so 10 _ (err)and peculiar over time as to be considered 11 _ (social) And while they sit at their computer screens hidden away in splendid isolation from the real world, such is the lack of exercise they get that their calorie intake far exceeds what is necessary for ~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~ WORD FORMATION EXERCISES them to maintain a stable weight In essence, due to their sedentary lifestyle, their weight12 _ (rocket) until such time as they become morbidly obese unrealistic : phi thực tế desperation: tuyệt vọng pushy: thúc ép tantamount: tương đương với self-harm: tự làm hại thân virtual: ảo dramatically buddies: bạn deprivation: tước đoạt 10 erractic: thất thường 11 antisocial: khó gần gũi 12 skyrockets: tăng mạnh B The standard of television programming produced in this country is in terminaldecline The _ (shed) has become a meaningless term confined in its _ (apply) to _ (go) days when adult content felt the full force of censorship andwas not allowed to appear on the box until after 9:00 p.m Nowadays, however, it seems anything goes any time And, truth told, whatever anything is, it seldom 'goes' for much longer than a half hour or so at any rate before it is interrupted by a commercial break.And don't even get me started on those appalling _ (inform) most of thenetworks run right the way through the night, one after another, for up to thirty minutes at a time lt is truly painful Terrestrial television is now, as far as I am concerned, alaughing stock All the ~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~ WORD FORMATION EXERCISES quality has been bought up by the satellite networks, with their big-money weight behind them, but even here _ (pick) are slim In protest at thedire state of things, I have become a converted _ (net) I look to the web now to find good content There, I can find just enough _ (run) of quality programmes to prevent myself from falling into utter despair and pining for the good old days of _ (year) watershed: bước ngoặt applicability: tính ứng dụng bygone: qua infomercials: quảng cáo pickings: lợi lộc netizen: dân mạng re-run: phát lại yesteryear: khứ, năm ngoái C In January 2001, the _ (govern) Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its latest report on climate change Climate models worked out by giant super-computers had become far more reliable since the previous report in 1995 and allowed them to2 _ (praise) the earlier projections for global warming Their conclusions were that something very serious is happening and that it cannot be a natural process The 1990s was the hottest decade for 1,000 years and the Earth is warming faster than at any time in the last 10,000 years According to the report, human activities are _ (equivocate) to blame for the temperature ~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~ WORD FORMATION EXERCISES rise The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and, due to deforestation, there are fewer trees to absorb this gas and recycle it back into oxygen Methane _ (concentrate) have also gone up dramatically because of increases in rice culture and _ (cattle), both of which generate methane from _ (compose) vegetation These greenhouses gases trap heat in theEarth’s atmosphere and cause the temperature to rise In the worst case, the resulting melting of icecaps and glaciers would cause sea levels to rise by up to 88 cm,endangering the homes and _ (lively) of tens of millions of people who live inlow-lying regions Unfortunately, there is far greater _ (unanimous) among the world’s scientists over the issue than among politicians As long ago as 1990, the IPCC recommended a 60% reduction in carbon dioxide _ (emit), as the basic level required to return the planet’s climate to a healthy level Governments globally failed to 10 _ (act)these proposals Now that the dangers have been reaffirmed by the latest report, it is hightime that governments took an active interest in exploring alternative, renewable energysources intergovernmental: nhiều phủ reappraise: đánh giá lại 3.unequivocally: rõ rệt, dứt khoát concentrations: nồng độ cattle(-)raising/ breeding: chăn nuôi gia súc decomposing: phân hủy livelihood:sinh kế unanimity: trí ~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~ WORD FORMATION EXERCISES emissions: tỏa ra, khí thải 10 enact: ban hành D People intuitively recognize the importance of self-esteem to their psychological health, so it isn't particularly remarkable that most of us try to protect and enhance it inourselves whenever possible What is remarkable is that attention to self-esteem has become a(n) _ (commune) concern, at least for Americans, who see a favorable opinion of oneself as the central psychological source from which all manner of positive outcomes spring The corollary, that low self-esteem lies at the root of individual and thus2 _ (society) problems and _ (function), has sustained an ambitious socialagenda for decades Indeed, campaigns to raise people's sense of self-worth abound.Consider what transpired in California in the late 1980s Prodded by State AssemblymanJohn Vasconcellos, Governor George Deukmejian set up a task force on self-esteem and personal and social responsibility Vasconcellos argued that raising self-esteem in young people would reduce crime, teen pregnancy, drug abuse, school _ (achieve) and pollution At one point, he even expressed the hope that these efforts would one day help balance the state budget, a prospect predicated on the observation that people with high5 _ (regard) earn more than others and thus pay more in taxes Along with its other activities, the task force assembled a team of scholars to survey the relevant literature.The results appeared in a 1989 volume _ (title) The Social Importance of Self-Esteem, which stated that "many, if not most, ~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~ WORD FORMATION EXERCISES of the major problems plaguing society have roots in the low self-esteem of many of the people who make up society." In reality,the report contained little to support that assertion communal : công cộng, chung societal : thuộc xã hội dysfunctions : hoạt động khác thường underachievement: làm kém, không tốt mong đợi 5.self-regard : tự trọng entitled: đặt tên E An emerging discipline called neuroaesthetics is seeking to bring scientific _ (objective) to the study of art, and has already given us a better understanding of many2 _ (master) The blurred _ (image) of Impressionist paintings seems tostimulate the brain's amygdala, for instance Since the amygdala plays a crucial role in our feelings, that finding might explain why many people find these pieces so _ (move) Could the same approach also shed light on abstract twentieth-century pieces, fromMondrian's geometrical blocks of colour, to Pollock's _(seem) haphazard arrangements of splashed paint on canvas? _ (sceptical) believe that peopleclaim to like such works simply because they are famous We certainly have aninclination to follow the crowd When asked to make simple _ (perceive)decisions such as matching a shape to its rotated image, for example, people often choosea ~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~ WORD FORMATION EXERCISES definitively wrong answer if they see others doing the same It is easy to imagine that this _ (mental) would have even more impact on a fuzzy concept like art appreciation, where there is no right or wrong answer objectivity: tính khách quan masterpieces: kiệt tác 3.imagery : hình tượng 4.moving: cảm động seemingly: perceptual : thuộc tri giác, cảm giác skeptics: người hồi nghi mentality: tâm lí F Pop art was a(n) _ (convention) art style in which _ (common)objects such as comic strips, soup cans and road signs were used as subject matter, and were often incorporated into the work The pop art movement was largely a British andAmerican cultural phenomenon of the late 1950s and ‘60s Art critic Lawrence Alloway,referring to the prosaic _ (icon) of its painting and sculpture, named the movement pop art It represented an attempt to return to a more objective and _ (universe) accepted form of art after the dominance in both the United States and Europeof the highly personal abstract _ (express) The art form was iconoclastic,rejecting the _ (supreme) of the ‘high art’ of the past and the _ (pretend)of other contemporary avant-garde art Pop art became a cultural institution because of its ~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~ WORD FORMATION EXERCISES close reflection of a particular social situation and because its easily _ (comprehend) images were immediately exploited by the mass media Although the critics of pop art describe it as sensational and non-aesthetic, its proponents saw it as an art that was democratic and not _ (discriminate), bringing together both connoisseurs and untrained inexperienced viewers Even though public reaction to pop art was 10 _ (favour), it found critical acceptance as a form of art suited to the highly technological, mass media-oriented society of western countries unconventional: trái với thường lệ commonplace : tầm thường, quen thuộc iconography: mơ tả hình tượng universally: toàn cầu expressionism : chủ nghĩa biểu 6.supremacy: uy quyền pretentiousness: phô trương, khoe khoang comprehensible: hiểuđược discriminatory: phân biệt đối xử 10 unfavourable: khơng có ích G The comedy Bringing Up Baby, on the other hand, presents practically non-stop dialogue delivered at _ (neck) speed This use of dialogue _ (score) not only the dizzy quality of the character played by Katherine Hepburn, but also the3 _ (absurd) of the film itself and thus its humor The audience is ~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~ WORD FORMATION EXERCISES bounced from gag to gag and conversation to conversation; there is no time for audience reflection The audience is caught up in a(n) _ (wind) of activity in simply managing to follow the plot This film presents pure (escape) largely due to its frenetic dialogue breakneck: nguy hiểm underscores: nhấn mạnh absurdity: điều vơ lí whirlwind: lốc escapism: thoát li thực tế H There is a saying that first (impress) are generally correct and I would say that 2. _ (all) throughout my entire life, I have found this to be true apart from one notable exception of a good friend and neighbour with whom my first 3. _(change) was decidedly unfriendly At the time of our first meeting I was living in a 4. _(deprive) area of London, not far from the exit of a dual 5. _(carry) and this meant that although it was a residential street, even with the 6. _(good) will in the world, drivers would often travel dangerously fast within inches of my front door This used to really annoy me and I have to admit I did often go a bit 7. _(board) in expressing my anger even though (or perhaps because) I knew I didn't stand a 8. _(reasonable) chance of being taken notice of or even noticed at all So when one day, I shouted my usual string of swear words at a rapidly passing car and it immediately screamed to a halt, my ~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~ WORD FORMATION EXERCISES first reaction was an enormous sense of 9. (achieve) But then the driver of the car opened his window and shouted a stream of swear words back at me So the next morning, I was more than a little surprised to find an apology note from the same motorist in my mail box explaining that in an attempt to 10. (far) his career as an up and coming IT 11 (consult) he had been driving too fast the previous evening and inviting me to have dinner with him and his wife impressions – overall – interchange – deprived – carriageway – best – overboard – reasonable – achievement – further - consultant ~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~ ... unanimity: trí ~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~ WORD FORMATION EXERCISES emissions: tỏa ra, khí thải 10 enact: ban hành D People intuitively recognize the importance of self-esteem to their psychological health, so it... (perceive)decisions such as matching a shape to its rotated image, for example, people often choosea ~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~ WORD FORMATION EXERCISES definitively wrong answer if they see others doing the same... when one day, I shouted my usual string of swear words at a rapidly passing car and it immediately screamed to a halt, my ~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~ WORD FORMATION EXERCISES first reaction was an enormous