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The castle is built by William, the conqueror in the 11th century.. People believed that somebody murdered Miss?[r]
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ÔN LUYỆN CÁC CHỦ ĐIỀM NGỮ PHÁP CHO KỲ THI THPTQG CHỦ ĐIỀM : PASSIVE VOICE (Thể bị động)
A LÍ THUYẾT :
I. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG:
Ex: Active: Susan wrote a letter
Passive: A letter was written by Susan Active: He has bought some books
Passive: Some books have been bought (by him)
II CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI HÌNH THỨC ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA MỘT SỐ THÌ
TENSES ACTIVE FORM PASSIVE FORM
Simple present V1 / Vs(es) Am / is / are + P.P
Present continuous Am / is / are + V-ing Am / is / are + being + P.P
Present perfect Has / have + P.P Has / have + been + P.P
Simple past V2 / V-ed Was / were + P.P
Past continuous Was / were + V-ing Was / were + being + P.P
Past perfect Had + P.P Had + been + P.P
Simple future Will / shall + V1 Will / shall + be + P.P
Future perfect Will/ shall + have + P.P Will / shall + have + been + P.P
Ex: People speak English all over the world → English is spoken all over the world They built the museum in 1990 → The museum was built in 1990
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We have watched this film several times → This film has been watched several times She will give us another chance → We will be given another chance
They had made an announcement before I came → An announcement had been made before I came Note:
- Nếu tân ngữ câu bị động vật, việc thì ta dùng giới từ with thay by Ex: Smoke filled the room → The room was filled with smoke
- Trạng từ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O; trạng từ thời gian đứng sau by + O
III CÁC DẠNG KHÁC TRONG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG:
Dạng động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs)
Modal verbs (can / may / should / ought to…) + be + P.P Ex: We should encourage her to take that job
→ She should be encouraged to take that job They ought to send us the application form → The application form ought to be sent to us
2 Dạng động từ nguyên mẫu: to be + P.P Ex: She wishes them to inform the news → She wishes to be informed the news
3 Dạng V-ing: being + P.P Ex: I like being invited to parties
4 Dạng câu có túc từ
S + V + Indirect O + Direct O Cách 1: S + be + P.P + Direct O + by O
Ex: My brother has bought me some English books S V In.O D.O
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Cách 2: S + be + P.P + to / for + Indirect O + by O Ex: My brother has bought me some English books
→ Some English books have been bought for me by my brother My friend told me an interesting story
→ An interesting story was told to me by my friend Note:
- Các động từ thường với giới từ to là: give, send, show, lend, promise, hand, pay, read, throw, wish, offer, …
- Các động từ thường với giới từ for là: buy, get, make, do, leave, save, …
5 Dạng động từ ý kiến: say, think, report, believe, rumour, …
Active: S + say / think + that + S2 + V2 + O2 …
Passive: - It + is / was + said / thought … + that + S2 + V2 + O2 …
- S2 + is / was/ are … + said / thought … + to-inf … (hành động mệnh đề xảy đồng thời hành động xảy sau)
- S2 + is / was/ are … + said / thought … + to have + V3 (hành động xảy trước) - S2 + is / was/ are … + said / thought … + to be + V-ing (hành động dùng tiếp diễn) Ex: People said that he had left
→ It was said that he had left → He was said to have left
Ex: They think he is a good doctor → It is thought that he is a good doctor → He is thought to be a good doctor Ex: They said that John was living in London
→ It was said that John was living in London → John was said to be living in London
Ex: They expect that the price of oil will go down next month → It is expected that the price of oil will go down next month → The price of oil is expected to go down next month
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It is / was + focus + who / that + be + P.P Who: người
That: vật, nơi chốn, thời gian Ex: They gave Mary a lot of presents
→ It was Mary who was given a lot of presents My friend sends me some flowers
→ It is some flowers that are sent to me by my friend * Note:
- Get + P.P dùng thay cho be + P.P số trường hợp Ex: She got impressed by his sincerity
→ She was impressed by his sincerity
7 Thể sai khiến, nhờ vả:
Active: S + have + O người + V1 + O vật Acitive: S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật
Passive: S + have / get + O vật + V3 + (by + O người) Ex: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday
→ I had my bicycle repaired yesterday I get her to make some coffee → I get some coffee made (by her)
8 Động từ giác quan: see, watch, hear, look, taste,… Active: S + V + O + V1 / V-ing
Passive: S + be + V3 + to-inf / V-ing … Ex: They saw her come in → She was seen to come in
They saw the lorry running down the hill → The lorry was seen running down the hill
9 Động từ let:
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Ex: He let me go → I was allowed to go
10 Động từ make:
Active: S + make + s.o + V1 … Passive: S + be + made + to-inf … Ex: My mother made me clean the room → I was made to clean the room
11 Sau “There be” dùng động từ nguyên mẫu dạng chủ động bị động
Ex: There is a lot of work to / to be done There are some letters to write / to be written
B.BÀI TẬP :
* Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence
1 The experiment which………… at the University of Chicago was successful
A conducted B is conducted C was conducted D conducting She ……… to be the best singer
A is considered B considering C considers D is consider An article ……… From English into Vietnamese
A is translated B is being translated C translates D is be translated My hat used …… over my eyes
A to be pulled B to pull C to pulled D pull A nest ……… in the porch since last week by a pair of robins
A has built B had built C has been built D had been built Fruit have……… up very early in the morning
A to picked B to be picked C to pick D pick All vehicles ……… to go when traffic lights are green
A are allowed B is allowed C allow D allows Measures……… to attract foreign investment
A is taken B are being taken C are taken D is being taken She decided that her house should…… blue
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10 Before our decision ………… to you we had thought carefully
A give B was given C is given D gives 11 Many matches ……… by my favorite football team so far his season
A haven’t won B hasn’t won C haven’t been won D hasn’t been won 12 Electric lights ……… before I was born
A had been invented B had invented C has been invented D was invented 13 Our students ………… to different jobs by the state
A will assign B will be assigned C is assigning D assign 14 Is milk ……… for making butter and cheese?
A used B use C using D to used 15 Hasn’t information about the trains to Hanoi………… out yet?
A found B been found C find D finding 16 Before they took exams their lessons…………
A has revised B had been revised C had revised D has been revised 17 Don’t let yourself……… by others
A to see B seen C to be seen D see 18 How many lessons are going………… next month?
A to be learnt B to learn C learn D to learnt 19 When he came home, a newspaper ………… By his father
A was reading B was being read C was read D is reading 20 How many ways can this problem ……….?
A be solved B solved C to be solved D solve
* Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence
1 Education _ to be the most important element to develop a country A often be considered B can often consider
C often considers D can often be considered
2 Whole-grain food products in most large supermarkets across the United States A now can purchase B can now be purchased
C now to purchase D the purchase of which This exercise may with a pencil
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4 She could easily for a top model
A be mistaken B have mistaken C been mistaken D to be mistaken The cutting down of trees to prevent forest destruction
A should control B should be controlled C would control D controlling I hate personal questions by newly-acquainted friends
A to be asking B be asked C being asked D of asking I expected to the party, but I wasn’t
A to invite B to be invited C being invited D inviting Her watch needs
A to be repaired B to repair C repairing D A & C are correct I can’t bear thinking back of that time I’d rather equally
A treat B be treated C have treated D treating 10 More schools are hoped in rural areas in the coming years
A to have been built B to build C to have built D to be built 11 I am going to have my car
A service B to be serviced C serviced D servicing
12 Those rich people always get someone their house whenever they go away for a few days A looking after B look after C to look after D looked after
13 They to be out after 10pm
A are not let B are not allowed C don’t let D don’t allow 14 A red rose the beautiful girl by her old school boyfriend
A gave to B was given C was given to D gave 15 All the students finish their assignments before they went camping
A had made B had made to C had been made D had been made to
16 Mr Pike the most famous archaeologist in our city
A thinks to be B is thought to be C is thought that D thought to be 17 The X-ray _ in 1895
A is believed to have been discovered B is believed to be discovered
C believed to have been discovered D believed to discover
18 Reagan an actor years ago
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A says / is taken B is saying / has been taken C is said / takes D was said / was taken 20 More than ten victims missing in the storm last week
A are reported to be B are reported to have been C are reporting to have been D are reporting to be
* Exercise 3: Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given : The teacher explained the rule to the student
A The rule was explained to the student B The students were explained the rule C The students were explained the rules D A and B are correct
2 He often asks me to help him
A He is often asked to help them B They are often asked to help me
C I am often asked to help him D I am often asked him to help me
3 His friends never forgave his betrayal
A His betrayal were never forgiven by his friends B His betrayal was never forgiven by his friends C His betrayal was never forgave by his friends D His betrayal never forgave by his friends They speak much about this book
A This book is much spoken about B This book is much spoken
C This book is much about spoken D This book are much spoken about Have they tested all the machines?
A Have all the machines be tested? B Have all the machines been testing? C Have all the machines been tested? D Have all the machines been being testing? Does he realize that they are laughing at him?
A Is he realized that he is laughing at? B Is he realized that he is being laughed at? C Does he realize that he is laughing at? D Does he realize that he is being laughed at? The manager offers me several jobs
A I was offers several jobs B I am offered several jobs C Several jobs are offered to me D B and C are correct We found that they had cancelled the soccer match
A We found that the soccer match had been cancelled B The soccer match had been cancelled
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D The soccer match was found to have been cancelled by us “Did Shakespeare write this play?”
A Did this play be written by Shakespeare? B Was this play written by Shakespeare? C This play was written by Shakespeare D Did this play Shakespeare write? 10 Which book the students love?
A Which book are done love by the students? B Which book is the students loved? C Which book are loved by the students? D Which book is loved by the students? 11 How many slums are they going to clear?
A How many slums are being gone to clear? B How many slums are being cleared?
C How many slums are going to clear? D How many slums are going to be cleared? 12 Who wrote the report on the air pollution?
A By whom was the report on the air pollution written? B Whom was the report written on the air pollution by? C By whom was the report written on the air pollution? D All are correct
13 How many students are carrying the bookshelf?
A By how many students are the bookshelf being carried? B By how many students is the bookshelf being carried? C By how many students is the bookshelf been carrying? D By how many students are the bookshelf be carrying? 14 People say that Mary is a good worker
A Mary is said that she is a good worker B Mary is said to be a good worker
C It is said to be a good worker D Mary is said that to be a good worker
15 It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car
A The man is believed to escape in a stolen car B The man is believed to have escaped in a stolen car C The man is believed to escaped in a stolen car D They believed that the man stole the car
16 It was thought that the building had been destroyed
A The building was thought had been destroyed B The building was thought to have been destroyed C The building thought to be destroyed D They have destroyed the building
17 They gave the job to Amy and Bob
A Amy and Bob are given the job B The job was given to Amy and Bob
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18 William, the conqueror built the castle in the 11th century
A The castle are built by William, the conqueror in the 11th century B The castle were built by William, the conqueror in the 11th century C The castle was built by William, the conqueror in the 11th century D The castle is built by William, the conqueror in the 11th century 19 People believed that somebody murdered Miss Stone
A It is said that Miss Stone was murdered B It were said that Miss Stone was murdered C It was believed that Miss Stone was murdered D People believed that Miss Stone murdered 20 John is said to have been stolen the money
A It is said that John steals the money B It is said that John was stolen money C People said John was stolen the money D People say that John steals the money
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ĐÁP ÁN CHỦ ĐIỀM : PASSIVE VOICE EX1:
1C 2A 3B 4A 5C 6B 7A 8B 9A 10B
11C 12A 13B 14A 15B 16B 17C 18A 19B 20 A
EX2:
1D 2B 3A 4A 5B 6C 7B 8D 9B 10D
11C 12C 13B 14C 15D 16B 17A 18D 19C 20B
EX3:
1A 2C 3B 4A 5C 6D 7D 8A 9B 10D