Relative clauses replaced by participles (present and past participles).. Present participles (Hiện tại phân từ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng chủ động.[r]
(1)UNIT 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY GRAMMAR
RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO-INFINITIVE 1 Relative clauses replaced by participles (present and past participles)
a Present participles (Hiện phân từ): dùng động từ mệnh đề quan hệ dạng chủ động
Ex: a The boy who is playing the piano is Ben The boy playing the piano is Ben b We have a house which overlooks the park We have a house overlooking the park c The man who spoke to John is my brother The man speaking to John is my brother
b Past participles (Quá khứ phân từ): dùng động từ mệnh đề quan hệ dạng bị động Ex: a They live in a house that was built in 1890 They live in a house built in 1890
b The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting The ideas presented in that book are interesting
2 Relative clauses replaced by to-infinitive phrases
- To-infinitive sử dụng sau: the first, the second,… the last, the only sau hình thức so sánh nhất
Ex: a Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space
b The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light. The last person to leave the room must turn off the light
Bài tập
Rewrite these sentences by replacing by participles and to -infi The man who’s talking to the policeman has just returned home from Paris
……… The novel which was bought by my sister is very interesting
……… The students who make noise in class will be punished
……… Passengers who travelled on this bus bought their tickets in books
……… Do you see the notice which warns people not to enter the military zone?
……… The stairs which lead to the cellar are rather slippery
……… You are the last person who saw her alive
……… The pilot was the only one who survived the air crash
……… He was the second man who was killed in this way
……… 10 Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon
………
(2)1 Mr Nam is a new graduate He will teach our class this year
A Mr Nam, who will teach our class this year is a new graduate B Mr Nam, to teach our class this year, is a new graduate C Mr Nam, teaching our class this year, is a new graduate D Mr Nam, taught our class this year, is a new graduate That girl cried a lot She had been punished by her supervisor
A That girl, punished by her supervisor, cried a lot
B That girl who had been punished by her supervisor, cried a lot C That girl, to punish by her supervisor, cried a lot
D That girl, punishing by her supervisor, cried a lot
3 The hill is treeless now It housed a big forest only two years ago A The hill to house a big forest only two years ago, is treeless now B The hill housed a big forest only two years ago is treeless now C The hill who housed a big forest only two years ago, is treeless now D The hill housing a big forest only two years ago is treeless now Who is the next patient? That patient is going to see the doctor
A Who is the next patient seeing the doctor? B Who is the next patient to see the doctor? C Who is the next patient seen the doctor? D Who is the next patient that seeing the doctor? A man was talking about how unfair the law is
A arrested for smoking marijuana B arresting for smoking marijuana
C he was arrested for smoking marijuana D to be arrested for smoking marijuana
6.Everyone _can play football all day
A which is interested in football B is interesrted in football
C interested in football D to interest in football
7 A healthy diet fruit and fiber will decrease one's risk of cancer
A that include B included C including D to include
8.The first movie in 1888 took place in a garden
(3)ANSWER:
Rewrite these sentences by replacing by participles and to -infi
1 The man who’s talking to the policeman has just returned home from Paris
The man talking to the policeman has just returned home from Paris The novel which was bought by my sister is very interesting
The novel bought by my sister is very interesting
3 The students who make noise in class will be punished
The students making noise in class will be punished
4 Passengers who travelled on this bus bought their tickets in books
Passengers travelling on this bus bought their tickets in books
5 Do you see the notice which warns people not to enter the military zone?
Do you see the notice warning people not to enter the military zone? The stairs which lead to the cellar are rather slippery
The stairs leading to the cellar are rather slippery You are the last person who saw her alive
You are the last person to see her alive
8 The pilot was the only one who survived the air crash
The pilot was the only one to survive the air crash He was the second man who was killed in this way
He was the second man to be killed in this way
10 Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon
Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon
* Choose the combination with the most appropriate reduced form of relative clause from each pair of sentences given below
1 Mr Nam is a new graduate He will teach our class this year
A Mr Nam, who will teach our class this year is a new graduate B Mr Nam, to teach our class this year, is a new graduate C Mr Nam, teaching our class this year, is a new graduate D Mr Nam, taught our class this year, is a new graduate That girl cried a lot She had been punished by her supervisor
A That girl, punished by her supervisor, cried a lot
B That girl who had been punished by her supervisor, cried a lot C That girl, to punish by her supervisor, cried a lot
D That girl, punishing by her supervisor, cried a lot
3 The hill is treeless now It housed a big forest only two years ago A The hill to house a big forest only two years ago, is treeless now B The hill housed a big forest only two years ago is treeless now C The hill who housed a big forest only two years ago, is treeless now D The hill housing a big forest only two years ago is treeless now Who is the next patient? That patient is going to see the doctor
(4)5 A man was talking about how unfair the law is
A arrested for smoking marijuana B arresting for smoking marijuana
C he was arrested for smoking marijuana D to be arrested for smoking marijuana
6.Everyone _can play football all day
A which is interested in football B is interesrted in football
C interested in football D to interest in football
7 A healthy diet fruit and fiber will decrease one's risk of cancer
A that include B included C including D to include
8.The first movie in 1888 took place in a garden