Nghiên cứu tổng hợp và khảo sát tính chất của hệ vật liệu 2 chiều mos2rgo ứng dụng làm điện cực trong siêu tụ điện

NGO QUANG MINH BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI - Ngo Quang Minh SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 2D MATERIALS MOS2/GRAPHENE APPLIED FOR ELECTRODES IN SUPERCAPACITOR MASTER THESIS OF SCIENCE MATERIALS SCIENCE 2016-2018 Ha Noi – 2018 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Ngo Quang Minh SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 2D MATERIALS MOS2/GRAPHENE APPLIED FOR ELECTRODES IN SUPERCAPACITOR Major: Science and Engineering of Electronic Materials MASTER THESIS OF SCIENCE MATERIALS SCIENCE SUPERVISOR: Assoc Prof., Dr Nguyen Duc Hoa Ha Noi – 2018 CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM Độc lập – Tự – Hạnh phúc BẢN XÁC NHẬN CHỈNH SỬA LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ Họ tên tác giả luận văn: Ngô Quang Minh Đề tài luận văn: Nghiên cứu tổng hợp khảo sát tính chất vật liệu chiều MoS2/graphen ứng dụng làm điện cực siêu tụ điện Chuyên ngành: Khoa học kỹ thuật vật liệu điện tử Mã số HV: CB160069 Tác giả, Người hướng dẫn khoa học Hội đồng chấm luận văn xác nhận tác giả sửa chữa, bổ sung luận văn theo biên họp Hội đồng ngày 30/10/2018 với nội dung sau:  Tiêu đề chương để chữ in hoa, dịng  Sắp xếp lại phần chữ hình để thu hẹp khoảng giấy trống nhiều, dẫn tới số trang luận văn có thay đổi  Tăng độ phân giải hình ảnh bị mờ, 3.5; 3.6; 3.7; 3.8; 3.9; 3.10  Đã chỉnh sửa lỗi mơ tả tiêu đề hình 3.11 Ngày tháng 11 năm 2018 Giáo viên hướng dẫn CHỦ TỊCH HỘI ĐỒNG Tác giả luận văn STATEMENT OF ORIGINAL AUTHORSHIP I hereby declare that the results presented in the thesis are performed by the author The research contained in this thesis has not been previously submitted to meet requirements for an award at this or any higher education institutions Hanoi, 30/9/2018 Signature LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Ngo Quang Minh, Chu Manh Hung, Dang Thi Thanh Le, Nguyen Duc Hoa* and Nguyen Van Hieu (2018), “Synthesis and characterization of MoS2/rGO nanocomposite for supercapacitor applications”, The 9th International Workshop on Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology (IWAMSN 2018), Ninh Binh, Vietnam (Submitted) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .3 MOTIVATION FOR RESEARCHING .8 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION .9 1.1 DOUBLE LAYERS MODEL .9 1.1.1 HELMHOLTZ MODEL .9 1.1.2 GOUY-CHAPMAN MODEL 1.1.3 STERN AND GRAHAME MODEL .10 1.1.4 CURRENT MODEL 11 1.2 BACKGROUND OF SUPERCAPACITOR 12 1.2.1 SEPARATOR 13 1.2.2 ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTIONS 14 1.2.3 ENERGY DENSITY AND POWER DENSITY 16 1.3 CLASSIFICATION OF SUPERCAPACITORS .19 1.3.1 ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR 20 1.3.2 PSEUDO-CAPACITOR .21 1.3.3 HYBRID SUPERCAPACITOR .23 1.4 ELECTRODE MATERIALS 24 1.4.1 PRINCIPLE, CLASSIFICATION AND RECENT DEVELOPMENT 24 1.4.2 MOS2/RGO-BASED ELECTRODE MATERIALS OF SUPERCAPACITOR 26 1.4.3 RESEARCH QUESTION 30 1.5 OBJECTIVE RESEARCH AND OUTLINE OF THESIS 31 1.5.1 OBJECTIVE RESEARCH 31 1.5.2 OUTLINE OF THESIS .32 CHAPTER 2: EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 33 2.1 MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT AND STEPS OF PREPARING MATERIALS FOR ELECTRODE FABRICATION .33 2.1.1 MATERIALS 33 2.1.2 PREPARATION OF MATERIALS POWDER FOR ELECTRODE FABRICATION 33 2.2 PREPARATION OF ELECTRODE AND ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTIONS 36 2.2.1 PREPARATION OF ELECTRODE .36 2.2.2 PREPARATION OF ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTIONS 36 2.3 METHODOLOGY OF STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSIS 36 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 38 3.1 MOS2 RESULTS .38 3.2 COMPOSITE MOS2/RGO RESULTS 42 3.2.1 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND CV RESULTS 42 3.2.3 EIS ANALYSIS OF MOS2/RGO WITH MASS RATIO 1:3 .55 REFERENCES 58 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to my supervisor, Associate professor PhD Nguyen Duc Hoa for his friendliness, patience, and great support in the whole period of time doing the master thesis at ITIMS (International Training Institute for Materials Science), HUST (Hanoi university of Science and Technology) Without his dedicated guidance and encouragement, I might not be able to complete all of the work throughout this master thesis Secondly, I would like to give my gratitude to other members in my group-iSensors, Associate professor PhD Nguyen Van Duy, PhD Chu Manh Hung, PhD Dang Thanh Le for giving me a lots support and encouragement throughout the period of doing my master thesis I also want to thank Assoc Prof., PhD Truong Thi Ngoc Lien (at Engineering Physics Department, HUST) for her great support in Electrochemical Imedance Spectroscopy measuring Moreover, I am also very grateful to my colleagues, PhD students: Nguyen Van Hoang, Nguyen Xuan Thai for supporting me a lot in experimental work I especially would like to show my gratitude to my colleagues, my classmates such as Miss Hong, Miss Phuoc, Mr Vuong and Mr Phu, Mr Son, who are always by my side for giving me a plenty of supports and advice in two years doing my master thesis at ITIMS Last but not least, it is my family: my parents, my sibling elder sister, my grandparents, my uncles, my aunts, my cousins and my lover Thank you all a lot Without all of you, I could not go on such an easy way to complete another part of my life This research was partially funded by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (Code: 103.02-2017.15) LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Carbon-based the electrode materials for supercapacitors 25 Table 1.2 Metal oxide-based the electrode materials for supercapacitors 25 Table1.3 Conductive polymers-based the electrode materials for supercapacitors 25 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS IHP Inner Helmholtz Plane 11 OPH Outer Helmholtz Plane 11 BDM Bockris-Devanathan-Muller 11 EDL Electric Double Layer 11 EDLC Electric Double Layer Capacitor 13 Cn Capacitance of negative electrode 17 Cp Capacitance of positive electrode 17 Cdiff Capacitance of diffusive layer 17 CT Total capacitance of a supercapacitor 17 EC Electrochemical Capacitor 18 ERS Equivalent Resistance Solution 18 rGO Reduced Graphite Oxide 26 GO Graphite Oxide 26 BET Brunauer – Emmett – Teller 26 EIS Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 26 MWCNT Multi-Wall Carbon NanoTube 28 PEG Polyethylene glycol 30 DI De-ionized 33 PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene 36 XRD X-ray Diffraction 36 SEM Scanning Electrons Microscopy 36 CV Cyclic Voltammetry 37 Figure 17 A comparison of CV curves of MoS2/rGO with mass ratio 1:3 between the 1st cycle and the 200th cycle To investigate the lifetime parameter of the composites MoS2/rGO-based electrode (with 25 wt.% of MoS2), CV measurement was utilized with the purpose of determining a percentage of retaining the value of Cm The measurement was performed in M Na2SO4 at 100 mV/s and the voltage window was between -1V and -0.5 V The captured results were presented in figure 3.17, the comparison in term of CV curves between the 1st cycle and 200th cycle (maximum gained value could be set up in our instrument to measure CV) The CV curve at 200th times was rectangles shape-like and almost overlapped with the 1st one Calculation about the value of specific capacitance indicated that the 200th cycle still possessed very well storage capacity, around 99.6% compared to the value of the 1st cycle 54 3.2.3 EIS analysis of MoS2/rGO with mass ratio 1:3 The EIS curve for MoS2/rGO (1:3) based the electrode was measured in 1M Na2SO4 solution from 180 kHz to Hz after the first cycle of charging/discharging The EIS has been recognized as a fundamental and powerful method to get a deeper understanding of the electrochemical properties as well as phenomena at the electrode materials surface Figure 3.18 shows the captured results of EIS analysis through a Nyquist plot and a suggested equivalent circuit based on experimental results Figure 18 EIS results of the composites MoS2/rGO with mass ratio 1:3 in 1M Na2SO4 solution The high-frequency region corresponding to the solution resistance (RS or indexed R1 in the equivalent circuit), which is indeed a combination of ionic resistance of the electrolyte, intrinsic resistance of substrate and contact resistance of active electrode/current collector [29] The resistance at the low-frequency region is attributed to a double layer capacitor (Cdl or indexed to C1 in the equivalent circuit) 55 and a charge transfer resistance (Rct or assigned to R2 in the equivalent circuit) As can be seen, RS value is very small with almost no semicircle at the high-frequency region and straight line at the low-frequency region It might be the high porosity and high electrical conductivity of the active electrode materials [25] Using fitted equivalent circuit, the obtained value of RS is 1.61  (with 2.24 % error), while the number for Rct is about 0.5  (with % error) These values demonstrate for long cycling stability and the appearance of quasi-rectangle shape even at high scan rates 56 CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK  In conclusion, MoS2, rGO and the MoS2/rGO composites with different weight ratios (1:3, 1:1 and 3:1) are prepared successfully by a hydrothermal method I have systematically studied the effect of different synthetic conditions (reaction time and temperature) on the materials characteristics and their electrochemical performance  The process of investigating the electrochemical properties by using the CV method indicates that the MoS2/rGO (1:3) shows the best specific capacitance in Na2SO4 solution of M  With mV/s of scan rate and voltage window from -1V to -0.5V, the best value of specific capacitance of the MoS2/rGO (1:3) is over 96 F/g It is maintained over 99% after 200 cycles of charging/discharging  The synthesized MoS2/rGO composites are potential for application in effective supercapacitor  However, deeper understanding of the porous structure of the sample affecting to the specific capacitance value is still challenging Therefore, in the in the future, we will determine the BET specific surface area of samples by measuring the N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm of samples and correlate with the specific capacitance value Moreover, we can collect CV curves in different 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OF ELECTRODE .36 2. 2 .2 PREPARATION... mechanism (a) (0 02) MoS2 (c) MoS2-rGO 1:3 rGO Na2SO4 1M_1.3_5mV/s 0.4 Current density (A/g) Intensity (a.u.) 0 .2 (110) (103) 0.0 -0 .2 -0.4 -0.6 1st 2nd 3rd -0.8 -1.0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50