Sử dụng định tuyến xanh để cải thiện sử dụng trong mạng đường trục

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI - BÙI PHÓ DUẨN SỬ DỤNG ĐỊNH TUYẾN XANH ĐỂ CẢI THIỆN SỬ DỤNG NĂNG LƢỢNG TRONG MẠNG ĐƢỜNG TRỤC LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ KHOA HỌC KỸ THUẬT VIỄN THÔNG Hà Nội - 2018 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI - BÙI PHÓ DUẨN SỬ DỤNG ĐỊNH TUYẾN XANH ĐỂ CẢI THIỆN SỬ DỤNG NĂNG LƢỢNG TRONG MẠNG ĐƢỜNG TRỤC KỸ THUẬT VIỄN THÔNG LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ KHOA HỌC NGƢỜI HƢỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC : TS TRẦN THỊ NGỌC LAN Hà Nội - 2018 LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tôi xin cam đoan số liệu kết nghiên cứu luận văn chung thực chƣa đƣợc sử dụng để bảo vệ học vị Mọi giúp đỡ cho việc thực luận văn tốt nghiệp thạc sĩ đƣợc cảm ơn thơng tin trích dẫn luận văn bảo vệ thạc sĩ đƣợc nghi rõ nguồn gốc rõ ràng đƣợc phép công bố Hà Nội, Ngày 30 tháng 03 năm 2018 Sinh viên thực Bùi Phó Duẩn i MỤC LỤC LỜI CAM ĐOAN i MỤC LỤC HÌNH ẢNH v DANH SÁCH CÁC TỪ VIẾT TẮT vii MỞ ĐẦU TÓM TẮT LUẬN VĂN CHƢƠNG 1: TỔNG QUAN SỬ DỤNG NĂNG LƢỢNG TRONG MẠNG 1.1 Giới thiệu 1.2 Khí thải mạng 1.3 Các biện pháp tối ƣu mạng lƣợng thấp 14 1.3.1 1.3.2 Lý 14 Năng lƣợng khí thải bên nguồn thiết bị 15 1.3.3 Phân loại phƣơng pháp mạng lƣợng thấp 17 1.4 Công nghệ xanh mạng nâng cao 26 1.4.1 Mạng truy cập có dây 27 1.4.2 1.4.3 Kết nối mạng không dây/Hạ tầng mạng di động 29 Định tuyến mạng chuyển đổi mạng 30 1.4.4 Kiểm sốt mạng cấu hình topology 33 1.5 Các chủ đề nghiên cứu tƣơng lai 35 1.6 Các dự án nghiên cứu phát triển 38 1.6.1 Các dự án quốc gia quốc tế 38 1.6.2 Các dự án công nghiệp 40 1.7 Các tiêu chuẩn hoạt động cho hiệu lƣợng mạng 42 1.7.1 Hoạt động ETSI 42 1.7.2 Các hoạt động sáng kiến Home Gateway 43 1.7.3 Các hoạt động nhiệm vụ lƣợng ENTO 43 1.7.4 Các hoạt dộng Energy Star – Năng lƣợng 44 1.7.5 1.7.6 Các quy tắc EU hoạt động EuP 44 Các hoạt động IEEE 44 1.7.7 Các hoạt động ITU – T 44 1.7.8 Các chuẩn khác 45 1.8 Kết luận 45 CHƢƠNG 2: HIỆU SUẤT THUẬT TOÁN GRIDA 47 ii TRONG MẠNG XANH 47 2.1 Giới thiệu 47 2.2 Mô tả thuật toán 49 2.2.1 Chọn nodes 50 2.2.2 Quá trình phát triển hình phạt 52 2.2.3 Khởi tạo thuật toán 54 2.2.4 Giải pháp phức tạp 54 2.3 Mô tả kịch 55 2.3.1 Công suất mơ hình lƣu lƣợng 55 2.3.2 Các kịch mạng 56 2.3.3 Thiết lập tham số 57 2.4 Đánh giá hiệu suất 59 2.4.1 Thống kê tạm thời 59 2.4.2 2.4.3 Hiệu suất trung bình 63 Các vấn đề thực 70 2.5 Kết luận 71 CHƢƠNG 3: HIỆU QUẢ THUẬT TOÁN ĐỊNH TUYẾN XANH 72 3.1 Giới thiệu: 72 3.2 Cơng trình liên quan: 74 3.3 Các mơ hình mạng, vấn đề báo cáo 78 3.3.1 Các mơ hình mạng 78 3.3.2 Vấn đề báo cáo 79 3.4 Hiệu thuật toán đƣờng ngắn 80 3.4.1 SSPF 80 3.4.2 3.4.3 Thời gian phức 86 SSPF – R 87 3.5 Đánh giá 89 3.5.1 Phƣơng pháp luận 90 3.5.2 3.5.3 Đánh giá hiệu suất cho 92 Tiết kiệm lƣợng cho UT khác 99 3.6 Kết luận 102 KẾT LUẬN VÀ KIẾN NGHỊ 104 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 105 iii DANH MỤC BẢNG Bảng So sánh thuật toán: Tiết kiệm lƣợng trung bình theo tỷ lệ phần trăm 49 Bảng 2 : Các tham số kịch mô 58 Bảng 3: Thuật toán so sánh 67 Bảng 4: Biến đổi 70 Bảng Các cấu hình topology mạng sử dụng .91 Bảng Năng lƣơng tiết kiệm cho biến mạng với 92 Bảng MLU(%) sử dụng liên kết trung bình (%) cho biến thuật tốn, 96 Bảng Chiều dài đƣờng dẫn trung bình (hop) cho số biến thuật toán 98 Bảng : Tiết kiệm lƣợng mạng Abilene sử dụng SSPF-R 101 Bảng 7: Tiết kiệm lƣợng mạng Hier100 sử dụng SSPF-R 101 iv MỤC LỤC HÌNH ẢNH Hình 1Sự phát triển từ năm 1993 đến năm 2010 công suất định tuyến IP cao cấp (trên rack – khung) với khối lƣợng truyền thông tin (Luật Moore) hiệu suất lƣợng công nghệ silicon[29] Hình Ƣớc lƣợng carbon tồn cầu cơng nghệ thơng tin truyền thơng .6 Hình Ƣớc lƣợng tiêu thụ lƣợng cho sở hạ tầng mạng viễn thơng Châu Âu mơ hình .6 Hình Dự tính OPEX tới giá thành lƣợng cho công ty viễn thông Châu Âu sở hạ tầng mạng mơ hình kinh doanh Hình Ƣớc lƣợng phát thải khí nhà kính theo GeSI [14] 11 Hình Cơng suất tiêu thụ trung bình ngƣời dùng gia tăng tỷ lệ truy cập mạng theo kết [21] 12 Hình Sự phát triển lực yêu cầu lƣợng định tuyến cao cấp từ năm 1985 đến 2010 13 Hình Các yêu cầu mật độ truy cập,mạng metro thiết bị lõi yêu cầu lƣợng mạng 14 Hình Ƣớc lƣợng nguồn tiêu thụ điện tảng chung định tuyến IP cao cấp Nguồn Tucker et al [126] 16 Hình 10 Phân loại phƣơng pháp tiếp cận đƣợc thực cho hiệu suất lƣợng mạng tƣơng lai 18 Hình 11 Thời gian dịch vụ gói tin mức tiêu hao lƣợng trƣờng hợp .23 Hình 12 Ví dụ Proxy kết nối mạng .25 Hình 1Mơ hình mạng topology từ mạng hoạt động ISP [147] 55 Hình 2 Sự thay đổi tổng tải lƣu lƣợng so với thời gian 57 Hình Một cấu trúc topology mạng hoạt động IPS2 58 Hình Năng lƣợng tiết kiệm giá trị lũy tích mạng IPS [147] 60 Hình Phần trăm tiết kiệm hội tụ đạt mạng IPS 1.[147] 61 Hình Năng lƣơng tiết kiệm giá trị tích lũy mạng Geant [147] .62 Hình Tiết kiệm lƣợng, tải liên kết chế độ ngắt/mở mạng IPS2 [147] .63 Hình ISP 2: Tác động d: (a) liên kết, (b) tiết kiệm lƣợng (c) thăm dò.[147] .66 Hình ISP 2: tác động : (a) tiết kiệm, (b) tải mạng, (c) lựa chọn không đƣợc chấp nhận.[147] 68 Hình 10 ISP 2: tác động : (a) liên kết tắt (b) tải liên kết tối đa.[147] 69 Hình Thuật toán SSPF 79 Hình 2Hàm chức dòng GH() 82 Hình 3 Thuật tốn SSPF – R 82 Hình Một ví dụ mạng 83 Hình Giải pháp SSPF-1 cho mạng Hình 3.4 .84 v Hình Giải pháp SSPF – R Hình 3.5 .89 Hình Tiết kiệm lƣợng chạy thời gian Abilene cho biến kích cỡ gói 94 Hình Tiết kiệm lƣợng chạy thời gian mạng Hier 50 cho biến kích thƣớc gói 94 Hình Tiết kiệm lƣợng chạy thời gian mạng Wax50 cho kích cỡ biến gói 94 Hình 10 Sử dụng kết nối CDF độ trễ gói mạng Abilene 97 Hình 11 Sử dụng kết nối CDF độ trễ gói mạng Wax50 97 Hình 12 Sử dụng liên kết CDF độ trễ gói mạng Hier100 98 Hình 13 Tác động mức lƣu lƣợng khác UT tiết kiệm lƣợng Hier100 102 vi DANH SÁCH CÁC TỪ VIẾT TẮT Từ viết tắt Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt ALR Adaptive Link Layer Tầng liên kết liệu AS Autonomous System Hệ thống tự trị ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation Kí pháp trừu tƣợng API Application Programming Interface Giao diện lập trình ứng dựng ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode Chế độ không đồng BGP Border Gateway Protocol Giao thức định tuyến đa miền DPID Datapath ID Giải mã đƣờng dẫn liệu EU European Union Hội đồng liền minh Châu Âu GHG Green House Gasses Hiệu ứng nhà kính ICT Information and Communication Technology Công nghệ thông tin truyền thông IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Viện kĩ sƣ điện, điện tử IETF Internet Engineering Task Force Nhóm đặc trách kỹ thuật mạng IP Internet Protocol Giao thức mạng LAN Local Area Network Mạng máy tính cục ISP Internet Service Provider Nhà cung cấp dịch vụ Internet LSA Link State Advertisement Quảng bá thông tin trạng thái liên kết vii MIB Management Information Base Cơ sở quản lý thông tin MLU Maximum Link Utilization Sử dụng tối đa liên kết MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching Chuyển mạch nhãn đa giao thức OS Operating System Hệ điều hành PDU Protocol Data Unit Đơn vị liệu giao thức QoS Quality of Service Chất lƣợng dịch vụ TM Traffic Matrix Ma trận lƣu lƣợng WLAN Wireless Local Area Network Mạng cục không dây NIC Network Interface Card Card mạng ( card giao thức mang) Tổ chức quản lý nghiên CANARIE cứu phát 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