GIAN não (GIẢI PHẪU)

DIENCEPHALON Diencephalon Central core of the forebrain surrounded by the cerebral hemispheres Consists of three paired structures – thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus Collectively, these gray matter areas enclose the third ventricle Diencephalon and Brain Stem DIENCEPHALON DIENCEPHALON DIENCEPHALON DIENCEPHALON Thalamus Paired, egg-shaped masses that form the superolateral walls of the third ventricle Connected at the midline by the interthalamic adhesion (intermediate mass) Contains four groups of nuclei - anterior, ventral, dorsal, and posterior - project and receive fibers from the cerebral cortex Thalamus DIENCEPHALON Thalamus – “gateway” to the cerbral cortex 1.Afferent impulses from all senses converge and synapse in the thalamus 2.Impulses of similar function are sorted out, “edited”, and relayed as a group to the appropriate area of the sensory cortex or association areas 3.All inputs ascending to the cerebral cortex pass through the thalamus 4.Plays a key role in mediating sensation, motor activities, cortical arousal, learning, and memory Hypothalamus Below the thalamus, it caps the brainstem and forms the inferolateral walls of the third ventricle Mammillary bodies - small, paired nuclei bulging anteriorly from the hypothalamus - relay stations for olfactory pathways Infundibulum – stalk of the hypothalamus connecting to the pituitary gland Main visceral control center of the body, important to overall body homeostasis Hypothalamic Nuclei DIENCEPHALON Hypothalamic Function Regulates ANS by controlling activity of centers in brains stem and spinal cord 1.Regulates blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive tract motility, respiratory rate and depth, pupil size, and many other visceral activities 2.Center for emotional response - involved in perception of pleasure, fear, rage 3.Regulates body temperature – the body’s “thermostat” 4.Regulates food intake - feelings of hunger and satiety 5.Regulates sleep-wake cycle Endocrine Functions of the Hypothalamus 1.Releasing hormones control the secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary 2.Stimulates ADH release from the posterior pituitary 3.Anti-diuretic hormone- causes kidneys to retain water Epithalamus Most dorsal portion of the diencephalon; forms roof of the third ventricle Pineal gland – extends from the posterior border and secretes Melatonin, a hormone involved with sleep regulation, sleep-wake cycles, and mood Choroid plexus – a structure that secretes cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) [all ventricles have a choroid plexus] THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION ! All details, please contact me: Website: www.drkhoatran.com Email : khoatrandr@yahoo.com / contact@drkhoatran.com Office phone : 8632-824 Cellular phone : 0989-675901