That: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật, có thể được dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which trong mệnh đề quan hệ thuộc loại Restricted Clause (Mệnh đề xác định).. Eg: That is the book tha[r]
(1)ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
I Định nghĩa
- Mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề phụ nối với mệnh đề đại từ quan hệ (who, whom, whose, which, that ) hay trạng từ quan hệ (where, when, why) Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng đằng sau danh từ, đại từ mệnh đề để bổ sung ý nghĩa cho danh từ, đại từ ấy,phân biệt danh từ đại từ với danh từ đại từ khác Chức giống tính từ cịn gọi mệnh đề tính ngữ
II CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
1 Who: -Là đại từ quan hệ người làm chủ ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ người để làm chủ ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó.-Theo sau who động từ
Eg: The man who is sitting by the fire is my father ->That is the boy who helped me to find your house
2 Whom: -Là đại từ quan hệ người làm tân ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ người để làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó.-Theo sau whom chủ ngữ
Eg: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.->The boy whom we are looking for is Tom
3. Which:Là đại từ quan hệ vật, làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho động từ sau -Theo sau which động từ hoặc chủ ngữ
Eg: This is the book I like it best.=> This is the book which I like best The hat is red It is mine.=> The hat which is red is mine
-Khi which làm tân ngữ, ta lược bỏ which
Eg: This is the book I like best The dress (which) I bought yesterday is very beautiful
That: Là đại từ quan hệ người lẫn vật, dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which mệnh đề quan hệ thuộc loại Restricted Clause (Mệnh đề xác định)
Eg: That is the book that I like best.=>That is the bicycle that belongs to Tom My father is the person that I admire most
I can see the girl and her dog that are running in the park
5.Whose:Là đại từ quan hệ người, thay cho tính từ sở hữu Whose dùng cho of which -Theo sau Whose danh từ
Eg: The boy is Tom You borrowed his bicycle yesterday => The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom John found a cat Its leg was broken
John found a cat whose leg was broken
IV CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: có ba loại mệnh đề quan hệ 1.Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định ( restrictive relative clause)
-Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, phận quan trọng câu,nếu bỏ mệnh đề khơng có nghĩa rõ ràng
Eg The girl who is wearing the blue dress is my sister The book which I borrowed from you is very interesting 2.Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non- restrictive relative clause )
(2)-Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thường ngăn với mệnh đề dấu phẩy Danh từ đứng trước thường tên riêng trước danh từ thường có từ như: this, that, these, those, my, his her…đứng trước
- Không dùng that mệnh đề không xác định Eg My father, who is 50 years old, is a doctor
This girl, whom you met yesterday, is my daughter WHO : dùng cho chủ từ - ngừoi
WHOM : dùng cho túc từ - ngừoi WHICH : dùng cho chủ từ lẫn túc từ - vật WHEN :dùng cho thời gian
WHERE :dùng cho nơi chốn
THAT :dùng cho tất chữ ( có ngoại lệ xem phần ) WHOSE :dùng cho sở hửu ,người / vật
OF WHICH :dùng cho sở hửu vật WHY :dùng cho lý ( reason /cause ) Phân BiỆt GiỮa Whose Và Of Which WHOSE : dùng cho người vật This is the book Its cover is nice -> This is the book whose cover is nice -> This is the book the cover of which is nice WHOSE :đứng trứoc danh từ
OF WHICH : đứng sau danh từ ( danh từ phải thêm THE ) OF WHICH : dùng cho vật ,không dùng cho người This is the man His son is my friend
-> This is the man the son of which is my friend.( sai ) -> This is the man whose son is my friend.(
VIII.EXERCISES ON RELATIVE CLAUSES
I Combine each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun or relative adverb She is the most intelligent woman I’ve ever met this woman
2 This doctor is famous You visited him yesterday
3 These children are orphans She is taking care of these children
4 The two young men are not good persons You are acquainted with them My father goes swimming everyday You met him this morning
6 The man is my father I respect this man most The man is my father I respect his opinion most Mary and Margaret are twins You met them yesterday
9 I’ll introduce you to the man His support is necessary for your project 10 The middle-aged man is the director My father is talking to him 11 The boy is my cousin You make fun of him
(3)13 I thanked the woman This woman had helped me 14 The professor is excellent I am taking his course
15 Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me I had come to see him 16 I saw a lot of people and horses They went to market
17 Tom has three sisters All of them are married
18 I recently went back to Paris It is still as beautiful as a pearl 19 I recently went back to Paris I was born in Paris nearly 50 years ago 20 Do you know the music? It is being played on the radio
21 You didn’t tell us the reason We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason 22 The day was rainy She left on that day
23 I’ve sent him two letters He has received neither of them 24 That man is an artist I don’t remember the man’s name
25 One of the elephants had only one tusk We saw these elephants at the zoo 26 That car belongs to Dr Clark Its engine is very good
27 You sent me a present Thank you very much for it
28 This is Mrs Jones Her son won the championship last year 29 Rod Lee has won an Oscar I know his sister
30 Is this the style of hair? Your wife wants to have it 31 A man answered the phone He said Tom was out 32 7.05 is the time My plane arrives then
33 Max isn’t home yet That worries me
34 Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green 35 Last week I went to see the house I used to live in it
36 I don’t know the girl’s name She’s just gone into the hall
37 Be sure to follow the instructions They are given at the top of the page 38 Hoan Kiem lake is a historical place Its water is always blue
II Fill in the blanks with Relative pronouns or Relative adverbs where necessary Let me see all the letters _ you have written
2 Is there any one can help me this?
3 Mr Brown, _ is only 34, is the director of this company I know a place roses grow in abundance
5 It was the nurse told me to come in
6 The teacher with , we studied last year no longer teaches in our school They showed me the hospital buildings had been destroyed by US bombings We saw many soldiers and tanks were moving to the front
9 Dr Fleming, _ discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945 10 He joined the political party _ was in power
(4)13 It is easy to find faults in people we dislike
14 The really happy people are those _ enjoy their daily work
15 We must find a time _ we can meet and a place _ we can talk
III Use a Relative pronoun preceded by a preposition to combine each pair of sentences below: This is a rare opportunity You should take advantage of it to get a better job
2 The boy is my cousin You made fun of him
3 This matter is of great importance You should pay attention to it The woman lives next door to me You gave place to her on the bus The examination lasted two days I was successful in this examination This is the result of our work I’m pleased with it
7 There is a No parking sign I not take notice of it Mr Brown is the man I am responsible to him for my work Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it
10 We are crossing the meadow We flew kites over it in our childhood IV Use Relative adverb to combine each pair of sentences below: This is the house We often stay in this house in summer
2 I’ll show you the second hand bookshop You can find valuable books in this shop I have not decided the day I’ll go to London on that day
4 He was born on the day His father was away on that day
5 The book is a telephone directory We can look up telephone numbers in this book
6 Mrs Brown rang Dr Brown He was going to carry out an urgent operation at that moment The airport is the most modern one We’re going to arrive at this airport
8 She doesn’t want to speak of the cause She divorced her husband of this cause The days were the saddest ones I lived far from home on those days
10 I never forget the park We met each other for the first time at this park V Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases
1 Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?
2 I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country The children who attend that school receive a good education The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood
5 Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page They live in the house that was built in 1890
7 The papers that are on the table belong to Patrica The man who is talking to the policeman is my uncle The number of students who have been counted is quite high
(5)VI Replace the underlined clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase
1 I don’t like him playing in the street I wish we had a garden that he could play in He simply loves parties He is always the first who comes and the last who leaves The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights
4 The first man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable
5 I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with
VII Rewrite these sentences using a relative clause in place of the infinitive or infinitive phrases The floor is dusty but I haven’t got a brush to sweep it (with)
2 The pilot was the only man to survive in the crash He was the second person to be killed in this way I have just found a river to swim (in)
5 This is a form for you to fill (in) VIII Choose the best answer
1) The book I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive A who B whose C that D B & C are corre 2) What’s the name of the blonde girl just came in?
A who B whose C whomD A & B are correct 3) I don’t like people lose their tempers easily
A who B whose C that D A & C are correct
4) Mexico City, has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing city in the world A which B whose C that D A & B are corre
5) This is Henry, sister works for my father
A who B whose C that D.All are correct 6) He’s the man people like at first sight
A who B whom C that D A & C are correct 7) Could you iron the trousers are hanging up behind the door? A who B which C that D B & C are correct 8) Where is the girl sells tickets?
A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct 9) The man we consider our leader had much experience in climbing mountains A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct 10) The artist name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen A who B whose C that D A & C are correct 11) Frank invited Janet, he had met in Japan, to the party
A who B whose C that D A & C are correct
12 The girl _ design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the award
(6)13) I need to find a painting will match the rest of my room A whose B whom C who D which 14) There are too many poor people not have enough to eat in the world A whose B whom C who D which 15) The trees have the beautiful flowers grow near the gate of the garden
A whose B whom C who D which
16) The teacher teaches us French is coming today
A whom B who C that D B & C are correct
17) What’s the music to you are listening?
A whose B which C that D B & C are correct 18) I don’t like the stories have unhappy endings
A who B which C that D B & C are correct
19) The students don’t have library cards can’t borrow books from the library A who B whichC whomD A & C are correct
20) Betty is the most intelligent girl I have ever met