Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Khi các đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ của 1 mệnh đề thì ta không thể lược bỏ chúng đi được.. - The woman who wrote this letter is a journalist.[r]
(1)Đề CƯƠNG ÔN TậP TIếNG ANH Kì II LớP 11
UNIT 8:
T writes some sentences on the board and asks Ps to comment on the use of one(s), some one, no one, anyone, and everyone.
+ I don’t like the red shirt; I prefer the blue one. + Don’t buy the sour oranges Buy the sweet ones +There’s someone waiting for the director in the office. + Did someone call me last night?
+ Have you met anyone like him? + Don’t tell anyone my secret. + No one likes her story. + Everyone laughs at him.
Ps work in pairs to work out the use of the pronouns T check with the whole class, making clear that:
+ Oneand ones are used to replace a previously mentioned noun when we not want to repeat that noun One replaces a singular noun, and ones replaces a plural noun
+ Some one= somebody It used with a singular verb in (1) an affirmative statement or (2) a question when the speaker / write expects the ‘yes’ answer
+ Anyone = anybody It used with a singular verb It is used to refer to every person or all people
Note: These expressions have a singular meaning and take a singular verb, so personal pronouns and possessive adjectives should logically he / she Him / her , his/ her However, in modern English plural forms are more common:
+ Everyone has come in haven’t they?
+ no one should leave their luggage on the bus
T asks several Ps to give similar examples and gives feedback UNIT 9:
Defining relative clauses and non- defining relative clauses
1 Defining relative clauses:
Mệnh đề liên hệ hạn định
Đặc điểm mệnh đề tính từ hạn định: - Cần thiết cho nghĩa câu - Không dấu phẩy - Có chức tính từ
- Bắt đầu bằngwho, whom, which thay that - Bắt đầu whose thay cho of which
Khi đề cập đến thứ thuộc sở hữu quốc gia, thứ tổ chức, xếp thành quy luật
(2)Mệnh đề liên hệ ( Không hạn định)
Mệnh đề liên hệ cịn gọi mệnh đề tính từ Đặc điểm:
- Không tuyệt đối cần thiết cho ý nghĩa câu
- Loại bỏ mệnh đề tính từ khơng hạn định, mệnh đề có đầy đủ ý nghĩa - Mệnh đề tính từ khơng hạn định thêm thơng tin phụ cho mệnh đề - Mệnh đề tính từ khơng hạn định thường dấu phẩy(,)
- Giữa mênh đề mệnh đề khơng hạn định có dấu phẩy ngăn cách - Bắt đầu who, whom, which Ko bắt đầu THAT
Example:
_ Jack’s father, who is 90, goes swimming everyday
Who is 90 = non- defining relative clauses, chỉ cung cấp thêm chi tiết phụ mà
- The house at the end of the street, which has been empty for five years, has just been sold
- Which has been empty for five years= non- defining relative clauses
Mệnh đề tính từ ko hạn định ko hạn định nêu làm ví dụ cho biết thơng tin phụ người
nhà
Chúng ta ko dung THAT ko thể bỏ WHO WHICH
Chúng ta phải đặt dấu phẩy phía trước mệnh đề tính từ ko hạn định phía sau Mệnh đề tính từ ko hạn định nằm hai dấu phẩy
- Yesterday I met Hoa, who told me, she was getting married
Exercise: Put in the relative clauses Supply the commas where necessary
Example:
Zedco has ten thousand employees It is an international company.
=> Zedco, which has ten thousand emploees, is an international company. 1 Vicky’s name was missed off the list, so she wasn’t very pleased.
Vicky ………wasn’t very pleased. 2 Laura painted a picture, and it’s being shown in an exhibition.
The picture……… is being shown in an exhibition. 3 We’re all looking forward to a concert It’s next Sartuday.
The concert……… is next Sartuday. Answer:
1 Vicky, whose name was missed off the list, wasn’t very pleased. 2 The picture which Laura painted is being shown in an exhibition. The concert which we’re all looking forward, is next Saturday.
UNIT 10:
Relative Pronouns with prepositions:
Show the picture on the board Point to the boy and tell Ps: This is Tom This man is his teacher.
(3)_ Who is Tom talking to? – He is talking to the teacher Write on the board:
The man is Tom’s teacher Tom is talking to him.
Ask Ps: Who can combine these two sentences into one? The man to Whom Tom is talking is his teacher Write some other examples on the board:
e.g: I’ll introduce you to the man I share a flat with him.
- This is the magazine I talked about it yesterday Ask Ps to combine the sentences into one
-Copy these sentences on the board
a- Formal:
* The man to whom Tom is talking is his teacher
* I’ll introduce you to the man with whom I share a flat * This is the magazine about which I talked yesterday
b- Informal:
* The man whom / who / that Tom is talking to is his teacher
* I’ll introduce you to the man whom/ who / that I share a flat with.
* This is the magazine about which / that I talked yesterday Elicit the use of relative pronouns with prepositions from Ps
Notes: - A relative pronoun can be the object of a preposition
- In formal English we can put the preposition before whom or which We cannot leave out whom or which here, and we cannot use who or that
- In informal English the preposition can come after the verb or the object of the verb We can also leave out the relative pronoun ( Whom is formal and rather old-
fashioned In everyday speech we often use who)
UNIT 11:
Relative clauses replaced by participles and to infinitives
1- Active participles:
Show a picture of a girl playing with adog and tell Ps: - She is Lan’s sister What is she doing?
- She is playing with her dog.
Eliciting question: Who can combine the sentences into one? Write on the board:
* The girl who is playing with the dog is Lan’s sister. The girl playing with the dog is Lan’s sister. * The man who spoke to John is my brother. => The man speaking to John is my brother.
(4)Note: We can use a present participle to replace a relative clause which has an active meaning.
2- Passive participles:
Show the second picture and tell Ps:
The picture has won the first prize It was drawn by a blind. Ask Ps to combine the two sentences into one
The picture which was drawn by a blind has won the first prize. The picture drawn by a blind has won the first prize.
Elicit the rule from Ps
Write the notes on the board Notes:
- We can use a past participle to replace a relative clause which has a passive meaning.
3- Infinitive relative clauses:
Ask Ps:
a- Which was the first country which won the world cup? Have Ps ask that question in another way
Which was the first country to win the world cup? b- The last person who leaves will have to turn out the lights. => The last person to leave will have to turn out the lights. Ask Ps to look at the examples carefully
Elicit the rules from Ps Write the otes on the board Notes:
- We can use a to- infinitive to replace a relative clause
We offen use a to- infinitive after an ordinal number ( first, second…), after next and last, after, only, and after superlative adjectives.
UNIT 12:
Relative clauses and the omission of relative pronouns:
Ask Ps to recall the use of relative Clause Copy the setences below on the board
Ask Ps to read it carefully Elicit the use of relative pronound as subject or relative pronoun as object
Elicit when we can leave out the relatoive pronouns
Relative clause( revision)
- Mệnh đề liên hệ cịn gọi mệnh đề tính từ Mỗi mệnh đề có liên hệ với danh từ Tính từ cụm giới tư bổ nghĩa cho danh từ Đại từ kết nối mệnh đề liên hệ với mệnh đề Các đại từ liên hệ làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho mệnh đề
Relative clause as Subject:
(5)- We don’t like the people who/ that talk a lot.
* The pronouns who / which/ that can be the subject of a relative clause
Relative clause as Object:
- They got the first train that we saw.
- I like reading the book which/ that you lent me yesterday. * The pronouns who / which/ that can be the object of a relative clause
Omission of relative pronouns:
We can leave out the pronoun when it is not the subject of the relative clause Clauses
without pronouns are very common in informal English.( Chúng ta lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ who, which, that chúng tân ngữ Chúng ta thường lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ văn nói.)
- That’s the lovely girl( who/ that) I met at Hai’s party.
- She show me the paintings( which / that ) she had brought back from London. Khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ mệnh đề ta lược bỏ chúng - The woman who wrote this letter is a journalist.
( NOT: The woman wrote this letter is a journalist.) - The picture that took first prize was my uncle’s. ( NOT: The picture took first prize was my uncle’s)
UNIT 13:
T draws a boy who gave a rose to a girl T asks:
- What are their names?( Tom and Mary) What did Tom do?( He gave a rose to Mary)
T: Now, who can rewrite that sentence, beginning as shown? T writes on the BB: It was Tom
Expected answer:
It was Tom who gave a rose to Mary.
T explains: Tom in the above sentences is subject of the sentence To emphsize, we can begin the sentence with It was Tom who…
Tom gave a rose to Mary Subject
It was Tom who gave a rose to Mary T draws a girl who saw a cat
T asks: What did the girl see? ( A cat) Yes, good T writes:
The girl saw a cat.
T: Is the cat here the subject or object of the sentence? ( Object) T: Who can rewrite the sentences as shown?
It was the cat…
(6)It was the cat that the girl saw.
T explains how to write cleft sentences with object focus The girl saw the cat.
Object
It was the cat that the girl saw. T expands the second sentence T writes:
The girl saw the cat in the garden
Now, who can rewrite my sentence as shown? It was in the garden…
Expected answer:
It was in the garden that the girl saw the cat
T explains how to write cleft sentence in case you pay attention to adverbial modifier of the sentence
The girl saw the cat in the garden Abverbial modifier
It was in the garden that the girl saw the cat T writes the form
It (is/ was) + N/ adverbial modifier + who/ that + V
Ask Ps to make their own sentences individually2 Grammar:
UNIT 14: 1.Conjunctions:
Both…and, not only… but also, either ….or, neither …nor.T draws two boys going to school
T writes the names: Nam, Huy
T asks: are they boys or girls? (boys) What are their names? ( Nam and Huy) What they do? ( They are students) T remarks
Nam is a student, and Huy is also a student T writes: *Both …and: Vừa…vừa
Both Nam and Huy are students. T elicit and writes this form:
Both + N1( adj/ verb/ adverbial phrase…) + and + N2( adj/ verb/ adverbial phrase …) * neither…nor: Không …mà không…( Dùng để liên kết hai ý tưởng giống nhau, phản nghĩa với both and.)
Now look at Nam and Huy again Are they doctors?( No) So, we write
(7)Neither + N1 (adj…) + or + N2 (adj) - My husband neither smoke nor drink. - Neither Jack nor Alice was at home.
“ I can’t swim” “ Neither can I”/ “ Nor can I” * either …or: Hoặc…hoặc…
T: Now, you see Nam is 16 years old, and Huy is 17 years old So, we can say Either Nam or Huy is 16 years old.
Either + N1(adj… ) + or + N2(adj…)
* not only…but also: khơng … mà cịn… - She is not only beautiful but also intelligent.
- His son both plays the piano and sings. 2 Cleft sentences in the passive:
T revise the previous lesson about cleft sentences, explaining that this time the passive voice is used
We can change an active sentence into cleft sentences in the passive:E.g: - It was the cat that was seen by the girl.
- It was in the garden that the cat was seen.
Form:
It(is/was) + N/ abverbial modifier + who/ that + (be) + pp - It is a book that was bought for me yesterday
Sentences in the active Cleft sentences in the passive My mother prepaired
my birthday party He sweep the floor everyday
It was my birthday that was prepaired by my mother It is the floor that is swept by him
UNIT 15:
1 modal verbs
Could/ couldn’t or was/ were (not) able to.
T shows a picture of a man running T asks:
- Could he run fast five years ago?( Yes) T writes on the board:
- He could run fast five years ago
T shows a picture of a man whose leg was hurt but he was running fast T asks: Did his leg hurt? ( Yes)
T writes:
(8)Can: have the ability or opportunity to st ex: He can speak three languages
Could:
- had ability in the past Some verbs : see, hear Smell, taste, fell, remember, understand - express an ability
was/ were able to:
- had the specific ability to st - express an effort to Sth
Ask Ps to make sentences with the structures with could/ was/ were able to
2 Question Tags
UNIT 16:
1 It is said/ believed that and People say that - Teacher gives examples:
It is said that time is money. People say that time is money.
- T remarks: Cả hai có nghĩa là: Người ta nói
+ It is said/ believed that: Dùng cho dạng bị động câu với túc từ mệnh đề. - T focuses the form:
S1 + V1 (that) + S2 + V2 + + M
It + be + V1 (V-edP2) (that) S2 + V2 + + M
S2 + be + V1 (V-edP2) + V2 (infinitive) + + M
- T asks Ss to give some examples and rewrite the sentences using the above structures - Teacher gives examples:
It is said that health is more precious than gold. Health is said to be more precious than gold.
a Mệnh đề mệnh đề túc từ thời gian (cùng thì): V2 dạng nguyên mẫu đơn
People believe (that) knowledge is the key to open all things. Knowledge is believed to be the key to open all things.
b Mệnh đề túc từ diễn tả hành động xảy trước hành động mệnh đề V2 dạng nguyên mẫu hoàn thành.
They know that the prisoner escaped from the jail. The prisoner is believed to have escaped from the jail.
c Mệnh đề mệnh đề túc từ thời gian khác thì: V2 tiếp diễn và V1 đơn.
(9)