Beginning OpenGL Game Programming (2004)
TLFeBOOK TLFeBOOK This page intentionally left blank TLFeBOOK TLFeBOOK © 2004 by Premier Press, a division of Course Technology All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without written permission from Course PTR, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review The Premier Press logo and related trade dress are trademarks of Premier Press and may not be used without written permission OpenGL is a registered trademark of SGI Senior Vice President, Course PTR Group: Andy Shafran Publisher: Stacy L Hiquet Senior Marketing Manager: Sarah O’Donnell glFont © 2004 Brad Fish, bhf5@email.byu.edu Marketing Manager: Heather Hurley GLee © 2004 Ben Woodhouse, ben@elf-stone.com, with parts copyright by SGI All rights reserved Manager of Editorial Services: Heather Talbot All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners Senior Acquisitions Editor: Emi Smith Important: Course PTR cannot provide software support Please contact the appropriate software manufacturer’s technical support line or Web site for assistance Course PTR and the authors have attempted throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from descriptive terms by following the capitalization style used by the manufacturer Information contained in this book has been obtained by Course PTR from sources believed to be reliable However, because of the possibility of human or mechanical error by our sources, Course PTR, or others, the Publisher does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions or the results obtained from use of such information Readers should be particularly aware of the fact that the Internet is an ever-changing entity Some facts may have changed since this book went to press Educational facilities, companies, and organizations interested in multiple copies or licensing of this book should contact the publisher for quantity discount information Training manuals, CD-ROMs, and portions of this book are also available individually or can be tailored for specific needs ISBN: 1-59200-369-9 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2004090734 Printed in the United States of America Associate Marketing Manager: Kristin Eisenzopf Project Editor: Sandy Doell Technical Reviewer: Ben Woodhouse Retail Market Coordinator: Sarah Dubois Interior Layout Tech: Marian Hartsough Cover Designer: Steve Deschene CD-ROM Producer: Brandon Penticuff Indexer: Katherine Stimson Proofreader: Gene Redding 04 05 06 07 08 BH 10 Course PTR, a division of Course Technology 25 Thomson Place Boston, MA 02210 http://www.courseptr.com TLFeBOOK For my family and friends — Kevin For my crash of rhinos — Dave TLFeBOOK Acknowledgments F irst and foremost, I want to thank my wife Melissa and my kids, Rebi, Evan, Ellie, Tyler, and Nate, for all of your support throughout this project, and for dragging me away from the computer just often enough for me to retain most of my sanity I love you all I’d also like to thank Kevin, my partner and collaborator, without whom I never would have done this I can’t imagine finding a better teammate Big thanks to everyone at Premier Press/Course Technology You’re a great group of people to work with, and I genuinely appreciate the confidence you place in me Ben Woodhouse deserves special mention for his efforts as technical editor He provided valuable feedback that helped make this book much better than it would have been otherwise Thanks also to The Mighty Pete for allowing us to use his skybox images in many of the example programs, and to Jeff Royle from ATI Technologies for providing us with graphics hardware for testing purposes Finally, I want to thank everyone who has taught me in some way, including Chuck Hansen, Robert Kessler and my other professors at the University of Utah, my coworkers at Avalanche Software and Qualcomm, the denizens of the GameDev.net forums, and everyone else who has taken the time to share their knowledge and experience via a Web site or book —Dave Astle vi TLFeBOOK Acknowledgments vii I’d like to thank Dave, for his work as a good teammate, motivator, and friend Chances are you would not be holding this book in your hands if he had not used a little friendly coercion on me I’m amazed at what we were able to accomplish with this project, and a good deal of its success is due to our ability to work together as a team I also want to thank my family for their constant support for me in everything I Oftentimes they don’t get as much credit as they should be getting My friends and coworkers also deserve a share of the thanks Whether they know it or not, I’ve learned from all of them in some form or another and value their friendships: Tucker, Tom, Christie, Mike, Rael, Kristin, Vivian, JP, Andy, Greg R., Greg S., Bill, Kyle, Randall, Jordan, Hack, Justin, Nate, Luke M., Mike M., Johnny Y., Nick M., and so many others that we don’t have the space for here Also, thank you to the Premier Press group for the opportunity to this project and for maintaining a high degree of support and confidence in both Dave and me, and in GameDev.net And finally, I want to thank everyone who has provided me with the ability and talent, directly or indirectly, that has allowed me to create this book, including the professors at Embry-Riddle, my baseball coaches and teammates, Chris Hargrove, Seth Robinson, Jeff Molofee, Rich Benson, and a host of software engineering colleagues —Kevin Hawkins TLFeBOOK About the Authors DAVE ASTLE has been programming games professionally for several years, working on titles for the Xbox, PlayStation 2, GameCube, PC, and various wireless devices Currently, he is a lead engineer in the Gaming and Graphics group at Qualcomm, Inc He is the cofounder and executive producer of GameDev.net, the leading online community for game developers He has authored or contributed to several game development books and has spoken at industry conferences, including the Game Developers’ Conference He received his bachelor’s degree in Computer Science from the University of Utah, where he specialized in graphics, artificial intelligence, networking, software engineering, and compiler theory and design KEVIN HAWKINS is a lead software engineer at Raydon Corporation where he designs and develops training simulations for a variety of customers, including the U.S military In addition, Kevin is the cofounder and CEO of GameDev.net, the leading online community for game developers He holds a master’s degree in Software Engineering and a bachelor’s degree in Computer Science from Embry-Riddle University, where he also played intercollegiate baseball and was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the 2002 amateur baseball draft viii TLFeBOOK Contents at a Glance Introduction xvii Part I Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter OpenGL Basics 1 The Exploration Begins Again Creating a Simple OpenGL Application 13 OpenGL States and Primitives 35 Transformations and Matrices 67 Colors, Lighting, Blending, and Fog 99 Bitmaps and Images with OpenGL 133 Texture Mapping 149 Part II Beyond the Basics 183 Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter OpenGL Extensions More on Texture Mapping Up Your Performance Displaying Text OpenGL Buffers The Endgame 10 11 12 13 185 197 221 249 261 277 Part III Appendices 283 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Answers to Review Questions and Exercises 285 Further Reading 295 What’s on the CD 299 Index 301 ix TLFeBOOK ... Resources Game Development Game Tutorials Flipcode OpenGL Books C++ Windows Programming 3D Math OpenGL ... finished writing OpenGL Game Programming Although the book didn’t cover everything we had initially planned, we hoped that it would benefit people learning to program games with OpenGL The ensuing... producer of GameDev.net, the leading online community for game developers He has authored or contributed to several game development books and has spoken at industry conferences, including the Game