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Chúng ta có thể dùng cách đảo động từ ra trước chủ ngữ (“đảo ngữ”= inversion) thay cho mệnh đề “if-clause” khi muốn nhấn mạnh, Cách đảo động từ có thể được dùng với cả 3 loại câu điều k[r]
(1)Conditional sentences I Grammar
A (Conditional sentences)
Thông thường, câu điều kiện có mệnh đề: mệnh đề “if” (if-clause) mệnh đề (main-clause) Cơ câu điều kiện chia làm 3 loại:Type 1, Type Type 3 (vế bên phải if mệnh đề phụ)
1 Type 1
A Type 0: (chỉ thật hiển nhiên)
if-clause main-clause
If + S1 + V(s/es) + O, S2 + V(s/es) + O Example: If you put ice under the sun, it melts B Type 1: (có thể tại, tương lai)
if-clause main-clause
If + S1 + V(s/es) + O, S2 + will/ shall + V(infinitive) + O Example: If it is sunny, I’ll go fishing.
2 Type 2 (Khơng có thật tương lai)
if-clause main-clause If + S1 + V-ed
PI
Be ->were
+ O, S2 + could would should might
+ V(infine) + O
Example :
- If I were you, I would go out
- I wouldn’t try to make her angry if I were you Type 3 (Khơng có thật q khứ)
if-clause main-clause
If + S1 + had + PII + O, S2 + could would should might
+ have + PII + O
Example :
- If he had studied hard, he might have passed the exam (But he didn’t study hard, he didn’t pass the exam.) - If you had asked him, he could have helped you
B CÁCH ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG CÂU Đ.KIỆN (Inversion)
Chúng ta dùng cách đảo động từ trước chủ ngữ (“đảo ngữ”= inversion) thay cho mệnh đề “if-clause” muốn nhấn mạnh, Cách đảo động từ dùng với loại câu điều kiện
1 Type 1:
if-clause main-clause
Should + S1 + V(infinitive) + O, S2 + will/ shall + V(infinitive) + O Example :
(2)if-clause main-clause Were + S + to + V(infinitive) + O S2 + could
would should might
+ V(infine) + O
Example : - Were I to fly in a spaceship, I would be extremely excited. (= If I were to fly in a spaceship, I would be extremely excited.) Type 3:
if-clause main-clause
Had + S + PII + O, S2 + Could Would Should might
+ have + PII + O
Example : - Had I heard about his trouble, I would have come to help him. (If he had heard about his trouble, I would have come to help him) * Notice:
1.“Unless”: (trừ phi) dùng “unless” với ý nghĩa “if not”. Example: - If I don’t work hard, I will fail the exam.
(Unless I work hard, I will fail the exam.)
- If he doesn’t water these plants regularly, they will die ( Unless he waters these plants regularly, they will die.) 2 wish” and “If only” (giá mà, ước gì)
a Future wish (mong ước tương lai) - S+ wish(es) + S2 +
- If only + S +
Would/ could + V(infinitive) Were going to + V(infinitive) Example: We are going to a test tomorrow
-> We wish we/ if only we weren’t going to a test tomorrow b Present wish (mong ước tại)
- S + wish(es) + S2 + - If only + S +
V- ed P1
Be -> were Can -> could Example: I can’t speak Chinese
-> I wish I/ if only I could speak Chinese c Past wish (mong ước khứ)
- S + wish(es) + S2 + - If only + S +
had + PII
Could have + PII
Example: 1 Tom didn’t go to Mary’s birthday party last night -> Tom wishes he/ if only Tom had gone there
II Practice:
Execrise 1: Supply the correct form of the verbs in conditional sentence 1) If I (study) , I (pass) the exams
(3)3) If he (have) a temperature, he (see) the doctor 4) If my friends (come) , I (be) very happy
5) If she (earn) a lot of money, she (fly) to New York 6) If we (travel) to London, we (visit) the museums
7) If you (wear) sandals in the mountains, you (slip) _on the rocks 8) If Rita (forget) her homework, the teacher (give) _ her a low mark 9) If they (go) _to the disco, they (listen) to loud music
10) If you (wait) a minute, I (ask) my parents Exercise :Supply the verbs in conditional sentences type 2
1.If I (come) home earlier, I (prepare) dinner If we (live) in HCMC, my boyfriend (visit) us
3 If Tung and Thanh (be) older, they (play) in our football team If he (be) my friend, I (invite) him to my birthday party
5 If Xuan (study) harder, she (be) better at school If they (have) enough money, they (buy) a new car
7 If you (do) a paper round, you (earn) a little extra money If Minh (get) more pocket money, he (ask) Lam out for dinner If we (win) the lottery, we (fly) to London
10 If I (meet) Brad Pitt, I (ask) for his autograph Exercise 3 : Supply the verbs in conditional sentence 3
1.If the weather (be) _ nice, they (play) _ football
2 If we (go) _ to a good restaurant, we (have) _ a better dinner If An (learn) _ more words, he (write) _ a good report
4 If the boys (take) _ the bus to school, they (arrive) _ on time If the teacher (explain) _ the homework, I (do) _ it
6 If they (wait) _ for another 10 minutes, they (see) _ the pop star If the police (come) _ earlier, they (arrest) _ the burglar
8 If you (buy) _ fresh green vegetable, your salad (taste) _ better If Alex (ask) _ me, I (email) _ the documents
10 If he (speak) more slowly, Peggy (understand) _ him Exercise : Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
1 David will leave for Rent tomorrow if the weather _ (be) fine If I see him, I _ (give) him a gift
2 If I had a typewriter, I _ (type) it myself
3 If I had known that you were in hospital, I _ (visit) you
4 You could make better progress if you _ (attend) class regularly If I _ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you
6 If you _ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat If he worked more slowly, he _ (not make) so many mistakes I shouldn’t drink that wine if I _ (be) you
9 If I _ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight
10 A lot of people _ (be) out of work if the factory closed down
11 I (have) ……… plenty of money now if I (not/spend) ………… so much yesterday 12 If someone (give) ……….you a boat, what you (do) ……… ?
(4)15 We wish she (be) ……… our teacher of English
Exercise 5 : Using the inversion in conditional sentence (đảo ngữ) If you call him immediately, he will come
……… If it rains, we won't go cycling to the museum
……… If he gets sick, he will see the doctor
……… If you don’t come, I will be very sad
……… If she earns a lot of money, she will fly to New York
_……… Exercise 6 : Rewrite the following sentences
1 If she should come, tell her to wait for me (Should)
……… If I don’t come here early, I will miss the bus (unless)
……… In case it rains, we’ll stay at home (if)
……… If you don’t leave the office, I will call the police (or)
……… You can’t visit Paris unless you get a visa (If)
……… 6/ Minh is overweight because he eats too much chocolate
If Minh 7/ What a pity Mai can't come
I wish 8/ If we don't hurry, the sun will rise before we reach the top Unless
9- In the snowy weather we don’t go to school
-> If ……… 10- If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 00
-> Should ……… 11 I am sorry I am not well now
-> I wish ………
12 She likes to travel around the world but she doesn’t have a lot of money -> She wishes ………
13 I’m living in a small flat
-> I wish ……… Exercise :Choose the correct option
1.We’ll have lunch outside in the garden, _ it’s too cold
A if B unless C in case ` D should 2.Rachel will be pleased _ he passes her driving test
A should B will C if D unless
3.If energy inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different A is B were C will be D would be
(5)A if B as soon as C providing D unless 5. _ more help, I could call my neighbour
A Should I need B Needed
C I have needed D I should need 6.Come on! _ we hurry, we’ll miss the plane!
A if B unless C in case D supposed 7.If I had had a typewriter, I _ it myself
A typed B would have typed C would typed D am typing
8.I don’t understand this point of grammar I wish I it better A understood B would understand
C had understood D understands 9.It never stops raining here I wish it raining
A stopped B would stop C had stopped D will stop
10 I would have visited you before if there _ quite a lot of people in your house A hadn't B hadn't been C wouldn't be D wasn't
11 You made a mistake by telling her a lie It _ better if you _ to her A would have been/ hadn't lied B would be/ didn't lie
C will be/ don't lie D would be/ hadn't lied 12 If the wall weren't so high, he _ it up to take his ball down A climbed B could climb C is climbing D climb 13 If you press that button what _?
A would happen B would have happened C will happen D happen
14 I am very thin I think, if I _ smoking, I might get fat A stop B had stopped C will stop D stopped
15 If you _ to the course regularly, they a certificate last year A go/ gave B go/ give
C had gone/ would have given D went/ would give Exercise : Correct mistakes
1.If I had used the brakes he might have run over a pedestrian A B C D
2 I wish I didn’t go to that awful party the other day A B C D
3 I will get thrown out of school if he starts working much harder A B C D
4.If you didn’t drink so much at the banquet last night you wouldn’t feel so terrible now A B C
5 We should meet in a diffirent place next time in case people will notice us togetther A B C D
6 But for the presence of TV celebrity, the party won’t have been a success A B C D
7 If we don’t control the growth of population, there will have been a population A B C
explosion soon D
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