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Cách làm: Ta sẽ rút gọn mệnh đề thành một tính từ ghép bằng cách tìm trong mệnh đề một số đếm và danh từ đi sau nó, sau đó ta để chúng kế nhau và thêm dấu gạch nối ở giữa2. Đem tính từ [r]
(1)ÔN TẬP NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH CƠ BẢN RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
A Lý thuyết rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ
Có cách rút gọn câu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ tiếng Anh
I Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ cách dùng participle phrases (V-ing phrase)
Nếu động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể chủ động (active), ta dùng cụm phân từ (present participle phrase) thay cho mệnh đề Thao tác: Bỏ đại từ quan hệ trợ động từ, đưa động từ ngun mẫu thêm – ing
Ex: The man who is standing there is my brother => The man standing there is my brother Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night? => Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?
II Rút gọn cách dùng past participle phrase (V-ed phrase)
Nếu động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể bị động (passive) ta dùng cụm khứ phân từ (past participle phrase)
Ex: The books which were written by Nam Cao are interesting => The books written by Nam Cao are interesting
The students who were punished by teacher are lazy =>The students punished by teacher are lazy
III Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ to infinitive
(2)Ex: Tom is the last person who enters the room = Tom is the last person to enter the room John is the youngest person who takes part in the race =>John is the youngest person to take part in the race
Động từ HAVE/ HAD
Ex: I have much homework that I must => I have many homework to Đầu câu có HERE (BE), THERE (BE)
Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today => There are six letters to be written today
IV Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ)
Dùng mệnh đề quan hệ tình từ có dạng: S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ Cách làm: bỏ who ,which be
Ex: Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health => Football, a popular sport, is very good for health
Do you like the book which is on the table? => Do you like the book on the table?
V Mệnh đề rút gọn tính từ có dạng be tính từ/cụm tính từ
Có cơng thức rút gọn:
Công thức 1: Bỏ who, which…to be -> giữ nguyên tính từ phía sau
Điều kiện 1: Nếu phía trước that đại từ phiếm something, anything, anybody… Ex: There must be something that is wrong => There must be something wrong
(3)Ex: My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house => My grandmother, old and sick, never goes out of the house
Cơng thức 2: Những trường hợp cịn lại ta đem tính từ lên trước danh từ.
Ex: My grandmother, who is sick, never goes out of the house => My sick grandmother never goes out of the house
I buy a hat which is very beautiful and fashionable => I buy a very beautiful and fashionable hat
Tuy nhiên cụm tính từ gồm danh từ ta cịn cách dùng V-ing mà Ex: I met a man who was very good at both English and French => I met a man being very good at both English and French
Tóm lại cách rút gọn loại phức tạp tùy thuộc vào đến yếu tố: có hay nhiều tính từ – danh từ đứng trước có phải phiếm khơng có dấu phẩy hay khơng
VI Mệnh đề tính từ thành tính từ ghép
Cách làm: Ta rút gọn mệnh đề thành tính từ ghép cách tìm mệnh đề số đếm danh từ sau nó, sau ta để chúng kế thêm dấu gạch nối Đem tính từ ghép trước danh từ đứng truớc who, which…- phần lại bỏ hết
Lưu ý:
+ Danh từ không thêm “s”
+ Chỉ dùng dạng mệnh để tính từ có số đếm
(4)Ex: I have a car which has four seats => I have a four-seat car I had a holiday which lasted two days => I had a two-day holiday
B Bài tập Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ
Bài REWRITE THE RELATIVE CLAUSES BY USING PHRASES The man who’s talking to the policeman has just returned home from Paris
2 The novel which was bought by my sister is very interesting The students who make noise in class will be punished
4 Passengers who travelled on this bus bought their tickets in books
5 Do you see the notice which warns people not to enter the military zone? The stairs which lead to the cellar are rather slippery
7 We had a river in which we could swim You are the last person who saw her alive
9 The pilot was the only one who survived the air crash 10 He was the second man who was killed in this way
11 Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon 12 Here are some accounts that you must check
13 I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with 14 I have some letters that I must write
(5)16 The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde 17 My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house
18 Kuala Lumpur, which is the capital city of Malaysia, is a major trade center in Southeast Asia
19 Emma Thompson is the most famous actress who will appear on stage here 20 We have some picture books that children can read
21 I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country
Đáp án
1 The man talking to the policeman has just returned home from Paris The novel bought by my sister is very interesting
3 The students making noise in class will be punished
4 Passengers travelling on this bus bought their tickets in books Do you see the notice warning people not to enter the military zone? The stairs leading to the cellar are rather slippery
7 We had a river to swim
8 You are the last person to see her alive
9 The pilot was the only one to survive the air crash 10 He was the second man to be killed in this way
(6)13 I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything to open it with 14 I have some letters to write
15 He simply loves parties He is always the first to come and the last to go 16 The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to be built on the Clyde
17 My old and sick grandmother never goes out of the house
18 Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia, is a major trade center in Southeast Asia 19 Emma Thompson is the most famous actress to appear on stage here
20 We have some picture books to be read by children
21 I come from a city located in the southern part of the country Bài Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ tiếng Anh 1.The man who is standing there is a clown
2 The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it
3 Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives
4 My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house
5 The student don't know how to exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of 1812
7 The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator
(7)9 All students don't hand in their papers will fail in the exam 10 I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm 11 The street which leads to the school is very wide 12 The system which is used here is very successful 13 John, who teaches my son, is my neighbor
14 Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London 15 The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam 16 We are driving on the road which was built in 1980
17 Customers who complain about the service should see the manager 18 The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt 19 My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm
20 The vegetable which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals Đáp án
1.The man standing there is a clown
2 The envelop lies on the table has no stamp on it
3 Benzene, discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives
4 My grandmother, being old and sick, never goes out of the house
5 The student don't know how to exercise given by the teacher yesterday
(8)7 The gentleman living next door to me is a well-known orator
8 All the astronauts orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless All students not handing in their papers will fail in the exam
10 I saw many houses destroyed by the storm 11 The street leading to the school is very wide 12 The system used here is very successful 13 John, teaching my son, is my neighbor
14 Trains leaving from this station take an hour to get to London 15 The candidates sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam 16 We are driving on the road built in 1980
17 Customers complaining about the service should see the manager 18 The city destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt
19 My brother, meeting you yesterday, works for a big firm 20 The vegetable sold in this shop are grown without chemicals