ASSESSING THE TRANSLATIONS OF ENGLISH MOVIE TITLES RELEASED IN CGV CINEPLEX FROM 2014 TO 2017

2018 – 2020(I) 2018 – 2020(I) ENGLISH LANGUAGE PHẠM VIẾT TOÀN LANGUAGE PHẠM VIẾT TOÀNENGLISH MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS ASSESSING THE TRANSLATIONS OF ENGLISH MOVIE TITLES RELEASED IN CGV CINEPLEX FROM 2014 TO 2017 (Đánh giá chất lượng dịch tựa đề phim tiếng Anh phát hành cụm rạp CGV từ năm 2014 đến năm 2017) PHẠM VIẾT TOÀN Field: English Language Code: 8.22.02.01 Hanoi, 2020 i MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS ASSESSING THE TRANSLATIONS OF ENGLISH MOVIE TITLES RELEASED IN CGV CINEPLEX FROM 2014 TO 2017 (Đánh giá chất lượng dịch tựa đề phim tiếng Anh phát hành cụm rạp CGV từ năm 2014 đến năm 2017) PHẠM VIẾT TOÀN Field: English Language Code: 8.22.02.01 Supervisor: Prof Dr Lê Văn Thanh Hanoi, 2020 ii CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled ‘Assessing the translations of English movie titles released in CGV Cineplex from 2014 to 2017’ submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English Linguistics Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Hanoi, 2020 Phạm Viết Toàn Approved by SUPERVISOR Date:……………………………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all the people who have supported and inspired me to complete this thesis The success of this paper is also attributable to them First and foremost, I would like to send my heartfelt gratitude towards my beloved supervisor, Assoc Prof Dr Le Van Thanh for his enthusiasm and dedication, his critical comments and timely feedback, his constant understanding and encouragement Had it not been for his tremendous support, I could never have been able to complete this research I would also like to express the sincerest thanks to, Assoc Prof Dr Hoang Tuyet Minh who willingly spent time participating in the study and openly shared their experiences and opinions Without their help, this paper would not have been finished Furthermore, I would love to extend my profound gratitude to all the teachers who have taught me translation, interpreting, and research methodology as well as my family and friends who have never neglected to support and encourage me so that I could overcome many obstacles during the study Last but not least, I would like to thank all the readers for their interest in the paper ii ABSTRACT In Vietnam, together with the rapid development of the movie industry, movie translation has become a dominant aspect of translation Aware of the importance of movie translation, quite a few domestic researches have investigated the issue Although movie title translation seems to be surrounded by intense controversy, the quality of translated titles has received little attention of Vietnamese researchers Thus, in an attempt to settle controversy, this research investigates the quality of the translations of English movie titles released by CGV This goal was achieved by qualitative and quantitative approaches in the two phases of the study In the first phase, document analysis method with movie titles serving as instrument was utilized to examine the quality of the translations based on the translation quality assessment model proposed by Newmark In the second phase, three translators who produced successful translations were requested to participate in the face-to-face semi-structured interviews in order to find some techniques that can be used in translating movie titles from English into Vietnamese in CGV Cineplex The findings from the study hopefully will benefit not only translators who work with movie title translation but also researchers and people who are interested in the issue iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS OALD Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary SL Source language ST Source text TL Target language TT Target text TQA CGV Translation quality assessment Culture, Great, Vital iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 4.1 Translations of animation titles fully meet the TQA framework 44 Table 4.2 Translations of animation titles only meet assessor’s standard 46 Table 4.3 Translations of animation titles only meet the translator’s standard 47 Table 4.4 Translations of animation titles fail to meet the TQA framework 47 Table 4.5 Translations of action movie titles fully meet the TQA framework 53 Table 4.6 Translations of action movie titles only meet the assessor’s 55 standard Table 4.7 Translations of action movie titles only meet translator’s standard 57 Table 4.8 Translations of action movie titles fail to meet the TQA framework 58 Table 4.9 Translations of comedy titles fully meet the TQA framework 60 Table 4.10 Translations of comedy titles only meet translator’s standard 61 Table 4.11 Translations of comedy titles fail to meet the TQA framework 62 Figure 2.1 Newark’s V_ diagram of translation methods Figure 2.2 House’s TQA model 20 Figure 3.1 The process of releasing a local movie title in CGV Cineplex 34 Figure 4.1 Strategies employed in translating titles of animations 43 Figure 4.2 Quality of translations of animation titles classified according to Newark’s TQA framework 44 Figure 4.3 50 Strategies employed in translating titles of action movies Figure 4.4 Quality of translations of animation titles classified according 51 to Newark’s TQA framework Figure 4.5 Strategies employed in translating titles of comedies 59 Figure 4.6 Quality of the translations of comedy titles classified according to Newark’s TQA framework 60 v TABLE OF CONTENTS Certificate of originality Acknowledgements Abstract List of abbreviations List of tables and figures i ii iii iv v Table of contents vi Chapter INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the study 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study 1 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Methods of the study 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Significance of the study 1.7 Structure of the study 7 8 10 12 17 19 19 22 Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Previous studies 2.2 Theoretical background 2.2.1 Strategies of translation 2.2.2 Methods of translation 2.2.3 Procedures of translation 2.2.4 An overview on translation equivalence 2.3 Translation quality assessment 2.3.1 A review on models of translation quality assessment 2.3.2 TQA model by Newmark vi 2.4 An overview on movie titles 2.4.1 Definition of movie 2.4.2 Classification of movies: 2.4.3 Movie titles in English 2.4.3.1 Functions of movie titles in English 2.4.3.2 Characteristics of movie titles in English 2.5 Principles in translating movie titles 2.6 Summary Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research approach 3.2 Method of the study 3.3 Data collection 3.3.1 Phase 3.3.1.1 Sampling 3.3.1.2 Data collection method 3.3.1.3 Data collection procedures 3.3.1.4 Data analysis procedures 3.3.2 Phase 3.3.2.1 Sampling 3.3.2.2 Data collection method 3.3.2.3 Data collection procedures 3.3.2.4 Data analysis procedures 3.4 Summary Chapter FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Phase one 4.1.1 Assessing the translations of animation titles 4.1.2 Assessing the translations of action movies’ titles 4.1.3 Assessing the translations of comedy titles 4.1.4 Emerging themes vii 23 23 24 25 25 27 29 31 33 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 37 38 38 39 39 40 41 42 42 42 49 59 63 4.2 Phase two 4.2.1 Case 1: Tuan 4.2.2 Case 2: Hoa 4.2.3 Case 3: Huong 4.2.4 Summary of findings in cases 4.3 Summary Chapter 5: CONCLUSION 5.1 Recapitulation 64 64 66 67 68 69 70 70 5.2 Concluding remarks 71 5.3 Limitation of the research 71 5.4 Suggestions for further studies 72 74 i REFERENCES APPENDICES APPENDIX i APPENDIX ii APPENDIX vi viii Chapter 5: CONCLUSION 5.1 Recapitulation On seeking answers to the two research questions, the study has yielded a picture of movie title translation in CGV Cineplex from 2014 to 2017 in different aspects, namely translation quality assessment and translation strategies in translating movie titles from English into Vietnamese First of all, after assessing the translations of titles of animated, action and comedy movies that were released by CGV Cineplex from 2014 to 2017, the researcher found that only one-third of the selected movie titles meet the TQA framework proposed by Newmark Meanwhile, most of the translations only meet the standard of the translator or the standard of the assessor Besides, that a large number of the translations fail to meet any criteria in the assessment framework seems to be because of the translators‟ deficiencies They did not search for enough the information about the movie and this led them to misunderstand the movie’s content or the original titles and the producers‟ purposes For that reason, in order to solve the problem, it is advisable that each translator should find as much information about the movie as possible 5.2 Concluding remarks The paper reveals the translators‟ techniques in translating movie titles from English into Vietnamese Data gathered from interviewing three translators who produced successful translations in Phase one discloses that consultation from the internet or the original distributor was of high importance in order to translate correctly and beautifully a movie title Besides, the formula: translation of original word + words denoting movie’s genre is devised to deal with one-word or two-word titles In addition, typical words for special occasions like Halloween, Valentine’s Day may be utilized to make translations more appealing Besides, one respondent suggests using Sino-Vietnamese and strong words which create strong emotions This aims to improve aesthetic effects for translated titles Besides, translators may translate English titles word by word to understand them Thence, those rough translations should be reworded to sound more natural in Vietnamese 70 Although a translated title of one Hollywood’s movie must undergo certain phases of examination before being released in Vietnam, a large number of translations are still surrounded by a lot of controversy regarding their accuracy In order to avoid such controversy, movie title translators and movie distributors may adapt the TQA model proposed by Newmark (1988), which proved feasible and suitable to serve as a framework for assessing translations of movie titles in this study By utilizing this TQA model, translators and movie distributors may guarantee the quality of their translation and to protect themselves from being attacked by personal opinions on quality of a movie title translation 5.3 Limitation of the research In spite of considerable efforts of the researcher, certain limitations are inevitable, which opens suggestions for further investigation on the issue Firstly, Sino-Vietnamese and strong words were mentioned by the participants; however, it is hard to determine which words are Sino-Vietnamese and which are not Meanwhile, those words were not defined and explained clearly within the scope of the current study Therefore, more intensive studies can examine such words and their usage in movie title translation In addition, one of the major shortcomings is due to the limited resources, namely the researcher’s time and expertise The researcher has chosen to focus on the things that are easy to describe, including assessing quality of translated movie titles based on four topics in the TQA model proposed by Newmark (1988) as well as principles and techniques in translating movie titles More complicated issues such as cultural constraints in language transfer involving title translation in general could not be dealt with Consequently, there is still a considerable gap for future research conducted on such complicated issues Moreover, another limitation can be found in the number of the informants and the sampling strategy employed in phase two of the research The study involved only three translators It should be noted that this sampling strategy might be ‘highly unrepresentative’ (Black, 1999, p.118) However, the researcher had little choice but to adopt the strategy because of the rigorous and rigid schedule of the translators and the time constraint under which this study was conducted Hence, the 71 results could not be generalized Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the emphasis of the phase was not making any generalization, but looking in depth at the studied issue It is expected that with detailed descriptions of cases, the study can provide a detailed and in-depth understanding of the studied issue Because of such rich descriptions of data, the study may lay concrete foundation for further investigation in a quantitative mode Another shortcoming of the current study that is not very serious still needs to be mentioned is the limited number of movie titles in its first phase In this phase, only titles of movie shown in CGV Cineplex from 2011 to 2014 were investigated while the number movies shown in Vietnam are neither limited within the four-year period nor restricted in only CGV Cineplex Hence, this number was not so large that it can provide an overall picture of the quality of the translations of English movie titles in Vietnam Therefore, any attempt to conduct a research on larger-scale samples should be encouraged and appreciated In conclusion, more intensive researches on Sino-Vietnamese and strong words as well as their usage in movie title translation should be conducted Besides, further studies concerning more complicated issued such as quality assessment of the translation, cultural constraints in language transfer involving the translation of movie titles, book titles, etc can be pursued In addition, investigations on the studied issue should be made with a larger population including either translators or movie titles 5.4 Suggestions for further studies The findings in the research suggest some strategies to handle certain kinds of movie titles Firstly, the assessment showed cultural equivalent was the most dominant strategy for cultural-specific words But, in cases where there were no equivalents in the target language, faithful translation proved to be effective Huong, translators when dealing with titles with cultural terms may consider using faithful translation beside cultural equivalent Furthermore, for title containing proper names, transference appeared to be the most suitable translation strategy However, it is noteworthy that if the proper name in a title is not name of the protagonist, translators should use couplets of transference (to handle the name) and expansion (with one or two words explaining the name or movie’s genre) For descriptive titles 72 with one or two words, translators may choose faithful translation and this method appear to be effective in handling such titles For the titles of movie series, the translators chose the strategy of couplets with the combination of transference (applied for the series‟ title’) and faithful translation By doing so, the translations remain faithful to the source texts and also reflect the movie’s genre by helping audience recognize the brand name of the series they have already known Analysis of unsuccessful translations revealed a number of typical errors that translators often committed Translators should be aware of these problems and may consider using some techniques that the three participants in the study suggested to resolve them Firstly, translators, when using descriptive equivalent, made their translations too long, this, according to translator, violates the principle of key art in translating movie titles In order to avoid producing long translations, translators may utilize Sino-Vietnamese words because they appear to be briefer and more concise compared to their purely Vietnamese counterparts according to the experience of the three participants in the research Secondly, unsuccessful translations often resulted from translators‟ misunderstanding of the original titles In addition, when using expansion, translators usually added words that might sound ear-catching but these words are not related to the movie’s content or the features of 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Retrieved October 10 2015 from http://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/7798.html?utm_expid=14708165-1 78 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: TITLES OF ANIMATIONS IN CGV CINEPLEX FROM 2014 TO 2017 AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS DESCRIPTIVE TITLES Source Text Target Text The Croods Cuộc phiêu lưu nhà Croods The Smurfs Xì trum Monster University Lị đào tạo quái vật Planes Thế giới máy bay Rio Rio How to train your dragon Bí kíp luyện rồng Penguins of Madagascar Biệt đội chim cánh cụt Madagascar Free Birds Giải cứu gà tây The Boxtrolls Hội quái hộp 10 Kungfu Panda Kungfu Panda 11 Puss in Boots Mèo Đi-hia 12 Ice age 4: Continental Drift Kỷ băng hà 4: Lục địa trôi dạt 13 Wreck-it Ralph Rap-phờ đập phá 14 Frankenweenie Chó ma Frankenweenie ALLUSIVE TITLES Source language Target Language Frozen Nữ hoàng băng giá Tangled Cơng chúa tóc mây Brave Cơng chúa tóc xù Despicable me Kẻ trộm mặt trăng I APPENDIX 2: TITLES OF ACTION MOVIES RELEASED IN CGV CINEPLEX FROM 2011 TO 2014 AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS ALLUSIVE TITLES Source Language Target Language Oblivion Bí mật trái đất diệt vong Dead man down Kẻ báo thù Now you see me Phi vụ kỷ RED CIA tái xuất guns Điệp vụ mang Prisoners Lần theo dấu vết Edge of Tomorrow Cuộc chiến luân hồi Bait Bẫy cá mập Interstellar Hố đen tử thần 10 Fury Cuồng nộ 11 Equalizer Thiện ác đối đầu 12 Limitless Trí lực siêu phàm 13 Abduction Truy kích 14 In time Thời khắc sinh tử 15 Chronicle Sức mạnh vơ hình 16 Act of Valor Biệt kích ngầm 17 Safe Mật mã sống 18 Dark Shadows Lời nguyền bóng đêm 19 The cold light of day The cold light of day 20 Total Recall Truy tìm ký ức 21 Stolen Cướp siêu hạng 22 Act of Valor Biệt kích ngầm 23 Premium Rush Tốc độc kinh hoàng DESCRIPTIVE TITLES Source language Target language The last stand Chốt chặn cuối II Jack Reacher Jack Reacher Spiders Nhện khổng lồ GI Joe: Retaliation GI Joe: Kẻ báo thù Iron Man Người sắt Fast and Furious Fast and furious Star Trek: Into the darkness Star Trek: Chìm vào bóng tối Man of steel Người đàn ông thép World War Z Thế chiến Z Whitehouse down Giải cứu nhà trắng The lone ranger Kỵ sĩ cô độc Pacific Rim Siêu đại chiến The Wolverine Người sói The mortal Instruments: The city of Vũ khí bóng đêm: Thành phố bones xương Runner runner Át chủ Legendary: Tomb of the dragon Legendary: Mộ rồng Escape plan Vượt ngục The Hunger Games: Catching fire The Hunger games: Bắt lửa Thor 2: Dark world Thor 2: Thế giới bóng tối Need for speed Đam mê tốc độ Captain Soldier America 2: Captain America: Chiến binh mùa đông Winter X-men: Days of future past X-men: Ngày cũ tương lai Godzilla_Galaxy Studio Quái vật Godzilla III Transformer 4: Age Transformer 4: kỷ nguyên hủy diệt of Extinction Night at the Museum: Secret of the Đêm viện bảo tàng: Bí mật hầm Tomb mộ The Pyramid Bí ẩn kim tự tháp Dracula Untold Ác quỷ Dracula: Huyền thoại chưa kể The Maze Runner Giải mã mê cung Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle Ninja rùa The November Man Sát thủ tháng 11 Lucy Lucy The Prince Mật danh He who dares Kẻ liều lĩnh Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit Jack Ryan: Đặc vụ bóng đêm The lone survivor Sống sót The Tourist Du khách bí ẩn I Am Number Số Fair game Trò chơi sòng phẳng The Warrior's Way Con đường chiến binh The Adjustment Bureau Bản đồ định mệnh Source Code Mật mã gốc Fast and Furious Fast and furious Super Super Priest Giáo sĩ Xmen: First Class Xmen: First class IV Transformers 3: Darkmoon Transformer 3: Darkmoon Cowboys and Aliens Cao bồi quái vật hành tinh Rise of the Planet of the Apes Sự dậy loài khỉ Real Steel Tay đấm thép Tower Heist Siêu trộm nhà chọc trời Mission Protocol Impossible: Nhiêm vụ bất khả thi 4: Chiến dịch bóng ma Ghost The Darkest Hour Giờ đen tối Contraband Phi vụ ngầm Underworld Awakening Thế giới ngầm trỗi dậy Safe House Safe house Man on a Ledge Người đàn ông gờ tường Journey 2: The Mysterious Island Journey 2: Hịn đảo huyền bí Immortals Chiến binh Wrath of the Titans Sự phẫn nộ vị thần Battleship Chiến hạm The Avengers Biệt đội siêu anh hùng Men in Black III Men in black III ATM ATM The Dictator Kẻ độc tài The Dark Knight Rises Kỹ sĩ bóng đêm trỗi dậy Savages Những kẻ man rợ Resident Evil: Retribution Vùng đất dữ: Báo thù The Man with the Iron Fist Người đàn ông có tay đấm sắt Guardian of the Galaxy Vệ binh dải ngân hà V APPENDIX 3: TITLES OF COMEDY MOVIES RELEASED IN CGV CINEPLEX FROM 2011 TO 2014 DESCRIPTIVE TITLES Source Language Target Language Bad Teacher Cô giáo chiêu Bridesmaids Phù dâu Friends with Benefits Yêu không ràng buộc What's Your Number Anh số A Few Best Men Dân chơi kiểu Úc The Three Stooges Ba chàng ngốc The Other Woman Vợ, người yêu, người tình Gulliver‟s Travels Gulliver du ký The Watch Dân phòng tinh nhuệ ALLUSIVE TITLES Source Language Target Language No Strings Attached Yêu không ràng buộc Something Borrowed Yêu lầm bạn thân This Means War Cuộc chiến tình yêu What to Expect When You're Expecting Tâm bà bầu Playing for Keeps Yêu So Undercover Nữ đặc vụ xinh đẹp The Heat Cuộc chiến nảy lửa VI ... Scope of the study First, although ? ?Assessing the translation of English movie titles released in CGV Cineplex from 2014 to 2017? ?? has been set as the title of the whole study, the samples of the. .. have inspired the researcher to conduct a study on ? ?Assessing the translations of English movie titles released in CGV Cineplex from 2014 to 2017? ?? 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study First of. .. of the study project report entitled ? ?Assessing the translations of English movie titles released in CGV Cineplex from 2014 to 2017? ?? submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the