PHUOC NGUYEN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP TIẾNG ANH HỌC KỲ II- NH: 2019-2020 I/ TENSES :Thì Present Simple tense (Thì đơn) - Use : Để diễn tả việc cách tổng quát, không thiết nghĩ đến Ta dùng để nói đến việc xảy liên tục, lặp lặp lại nhiều lần , hay mơt điều ln ln đúng, việc có xảy lúc nói hay khơng điều khơng quan trọng - Form: + S + V/Vs / es + …………………… Ex -The earth goes around the sun - S + don’t/doesn’t + V+ ……………… -We don’t have classes on Sunday ? Do/Does + S + V + ………………….? - Does Lan speak French? Past Simple Tense (Thì khứ đơn) - Use : Diễn tả hành động xảy kết thúc thời điểm xác định khứ - Form: + S + V-ed(regular) / V2 ( column irregular) + ………… Ex : - He arrived here yesterday - S + didn’t + V + ………………… - She didn’t go to school yesterday ? Did + S + V + …………………… ? - Did you clean this table? - Note: Thì khứ đơn thường dùng với cum từ thời gian xác định khứ: last week / month / year , a week / days / months , yesterday, yesterday morning / evening, In+ năm, from 2000 to 2005 - Cách đọc đông từ khứ đơn với “ ED”: + “ ED”: đọc /t/ động từ nguyên mẫu có âm tận /k/, /x/, /s/, /p/, /ch/, /sh/, /t/, /gh/ Ex : laughed , asked , helped , watch , pushed , dressed , …………… + “ ED”: đọc /id/ động từ nguyên mẫu có âm tận /d/ /t/ Ex : needed , wanted , waited , …… + “ ED”: đọc /d/ động từ nguyên mẫu có âm tận âm cịn lại Ex : enjoyed , saved , filled ,……… Present perfect tense (Thì hồn thành) - Use : - Dùng để miêu tả hành động xảy khứ kết lưu đến - Dùng để miêu tả hành động vừa xảy (ta dùng với JUST) - Dùng để miêu tả hành động hoàn tất sớm mong đợi (ta dùng với ALREADY) Ex: I have already finished this work - Dùng để miêu tả hành động từ trước đến chưa không xảy (ta dùng với EVER –NEVER) Ex: Have you ever been to Hue? I have never gone - Dùng để miêu tả hành động xảy ratrong khứ tính đến xảy (dùng FOR) xảy từ lúc (dùng SINCE) * For : Chỉ thời gian kéo dài Ex: You have studied English for years * Since: thời gian lúc Ex: She has studied English since 2010 Future simple Tense (Thì tương lai đơn) - Use : Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm tương lai - Form : + S + will / shall + V + …………… Ex: He will finish his homework tomorrow - S+ won’t / shan’t + V + ……………… Lan won’t go to the zoo next week ? Will / Shall + S + V + ………………… ? Will you this exercise ? Present progressive Tense (Thì tiếp diễn) - Use : Diễn tả hành động xảy vào thời điểm nói -Form : + S + is / am/ are + V-ing + …………… Ex : I’m learning English now - S + is / am/ are + not + V-ing + …… He isn’t learning English now 1| ? Is / Am / Are + S + V-ing + ………? Is he reading books now? - Note: Thì tiếp diễn thường dùng kèm với trạng từ: now, right now,at present , at the moment để nhấn mạnh tính chất diễn tiến hành động lúc nói Near Future: Be going to (Thì tương lai gần) - Form : S + is / am/ are + going to + Vinf - Use : Dùng nói việc mà định làm hay dự định làm tương lai Ex : There is a good film on TV tonight I’m going to stay home to watch TV - Note : Be going to cịn dùng để dự đốn tình xảy Ex: I feel tired I think I’m going to be sick II/ CLAUSES : Mệnh đề 1- WISH SENTENCE : Câu ao ước Động từ “wish” (ước ao, mong ước) thường dùng để diễn tả ước muốn, điều khơng có thật khó thực Loai FUTURE WISH: (Câu ao ước có thể xảy ra) S+ wish(es) (that)+ S + would/could + V Ex: I wish I would go to the moon tomorrow My mother wishes she would visit London some day Loại PRESENT WISH: (Câu ao ước không có thật ở tại) S+ wish(es) (that)+ S + didn’t + V S + wish (es) + that + S + were … Ex: I wish I were at the seaside now He wishes that he could speak English fluently Exercise: Write sentences with “wish” 1) I’m not at home now 2) Our classroom doesn’t have any windows 3) The sun isn’t shining right now 4) The teacher is going to give us an exam tomorrow 5) Lan doesn’t know how to make a cake 6) We live in a small flat in the city 7) I can’t go with you to the countryside next weekend 8) Nam is too young to ride a motorbike 9) My aunt and her children are not coming to dinner with us tonight 10) It’s a pity your friend isn’t at this party 2- ADVERB CLAUSES OF RESULT : Mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết quả S + V + so + adjective / Adverb + that + S + V Ex: The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more 3- ADVERB CLAUSES OF REASON (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ lý do) - Mệnh đề thường giới thiệu “because”, “as” , “since” chúng có nghĩa “vì” Ex: The flight to New York was cancelled because the fog got thicker 4- ADVERB CLAUSES OF CONCESSION : Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng Although / Though / Even though + S + V + (complement – bổ ngữ) Ex: Although he had a bad cold, he went to class 2| 5- IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If ) Câu điều kiện có thể xảy Mệnh đề IF Simple present Mệnh đề ▪ Simple future (S + shall/will/can + V) ▪ command Ex: If you want to improve your English, we can help you If it is fine, they will go to the beach Please buy me a pen if you go to the bookstore Đảo ngữ: Should I + V …, S + will/shall/can + V Câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại Mệnh đề IF Mệnh đề Simple past ▪ S + would/could/might + V (be → were) Ex: If you saw a UFO, what would you do? If you were on board now, you would experience those marvelous things What would you if you met an alien from outer space? Đảo ngữ: Were + S…, S + would/could/might + V Exercise: Write sentences with If We don’t have enough money, so we don’t buy those new comics She is not free today, so she can’t go to the movie with her friend People don’t see the UFO, so they don’t call the National UFO Reporting Center She doesn’t keep the refrigerator door closed, so she cannot save the energy He doesn’t take any exercise; that’s why he is so unhealthy 6- ADJECTIVE + THAT CLAUSE Mệnh đề danh từ sau tính từ S + be + adjective past partiple + that + noun clause Ex : I am happy that you had a new car Note: Mệnh đề danh từ dùng sau số tính từ như: afraid, glad, sorry, sure, eager, anxious , happy, please, annoyed, proud, RELATIVE CLAUSE Mệnh đề quan hệ Gờm có: Mệnh đề tính ngữ (adjective clause) mệnh đề trạng ngữ (adverb clause) Mệnh đề tính ngữ bắt đầu đại từ (who, whom, which, that, whose) ▪ Who: thay cho người, làm chủ ngữ ▪ Whom: thay cho người, làm tân ngữ ▪ Which: thay cho vật, vừa làm chủ ngữ, vừa làm tân ngữ ▪ Whose: thay cho sở hữu người vật ▪ That: thay cho who, whom, which Mệnh đề trạng ngữ bắt đầu từ (when, where) ▪ When: thay cho thời gian (then, at that time, on that day …) ▪ Where: thay cho nơi chốn (there, in this place, in that village…) Các bước kết hợp câu đơn, dùng mệnh đề quan hệ Xác định cặp từ quan hệ hai câu đơn Dùng đại từ quan hệ trạng từ quan hệ để thay Đặt mệnh đề tính ngữ đứng liền sau danh từ tiền ngữ 3| Mệnh đề tính ngữ được chia làm hai loại chính: ▪ Mệnh đề tính ngữ giới hạn hay xác định thành phần câu, bỏ Ex: The man is head of the department The man gave you the address The man who gave you the address is head of the department ▪ Mệnh đề tính ngữ khơng giới hạn hay khơng xác định dùng để giải thích thêm chi tiết cho danh từ Do bỏ phần lại đủ nghĩa Ex: His brother has just left for Hue He gave you the address His brother, who gave you the address, has just left for Hue Những trường hợp dùng dấu phẩy (,) mệnh đề quan hệ ▪ Sau danh từ riêng ▪ Sau tính từ sỡ hữu ▪ Sau đại từ định (this, that, these, those) Exercise: Combine each pair of sentences with “who, which, that, whom” The shoes are too small for me I bought them yesterday ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The man is a computer expert You were talking to him ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Linh is very friendly She is a friend of Anh’s ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The new stadium will be opened next month It can hold 90.000 people ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Tulip computers are very good They were made in Holland ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… That newspaper is mine I bought it yesterday ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The bicycle has only a wheel It is often used at the circus ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… John is one of my closest friends I’ve known him for a very long time ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The house is mine Its windows need painting ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Swimming makes people healthy It is a good sport ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… III/ REPORTED SPEECH (câu trần thuật) câu kể lại lời nói người khác Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta thay đổi thành phần sau * Đổi ▪ Ngôi thứ phù hợp với chủ ngữ ▪ Ngơi thứ nhì phù hợp với tân ngữ ▪ Ngơi thứ ba ta khơng đổi * Đổi Direct will / shall am / is / are going to present simple present continuous must → → → → → Reported / Indirect would / should was / were going to past simple past continuous had to 4| can * Đổi trạng từ Direct today tonight tomorrow yesterday ago now next Monday last Monday the day after tomorrow this these here → could Reported / Indirect that day that night the next day / the following day the day before /the previous day before then the next / following Monday the previous Monday / the Monday before in two days’ time / two days later that those there Có dạng câu tường thuật Dạng 1: Câu phát biểu (1) S + said + that + S + V (lùi thì) (2) S + told + O + that + S + V (lùi thì) Ex: The teacher said: “The prize will be presented tomorrow.” The teacher said that the prize would be presented the following day Exercise1: Change into indirect speech 1) “You can’t park here.” said the police officer to Jack 2) “My trousers have to be ready this afternoon.” said Paul to the tailor 3) He said: “I have seen her today.” 4) “You should work harder next school year, Nam.” His mother said 5) Her sister said: “I don’t like this flower.” Dạng 2: Câu hỏi (1) S + asked + O (me) + if / whether + S + V (lùi thì) (2) S + asked + O (me) + Wh/How + S + V (lùi thì) Exercise: Sentence transformation He said to me “Where are you going?” “How old is your little boy? Said the nurse to Mary “Can I borrow your typewriter, Mary?” asked Tom She said “Are you hungry, Tom?” Dạng 3: Câu yêu cầu, đề nghị (3) S + asked / told + O + to_inf … (nếu câu ở thể khẳng định) (4) S + asked / told + O + not + to_inf … (nếu câu ở thể phủ định) Ex: “Buy me some stamps, Hoa” Lan said Lan asked / told Hoa to buy her some stamps Exercise2: Change into indirect speech 1) “Don’t worry about your job.” Said Nam 2) My brother said to me, “Wait for me outside.” 3) “Turn off the radio.” Her father said to her 5| 4) “Can you explain the answer to me again, Lan?” Mai said 5) “Don’t spend too much money on your holiday,” my father said IV/TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi) - Câu hỏi giống “câu hỏi đáp lại”, tạo trợ động từ + đại từ nhân xưng - Câu hỏi đuôi đặt cuối để hỏi kiểm định thứ mà khơng hay để hỏi đờng ý, gần nghĩa “Is this true?” hay “ Do you agree?” Ex: You’re new student, aren’t you? Note: - Nếu vế đầu câu khẳng định vế sau câu hỏi đuôi phủ định ngược lại - Nếu vế đầu động từ đặc biệt như: to be, to have, can, could, ta nhắc lại động từ phần câu hỏi đuôi, động từ thường ta phải mượn trợ động từ như: do, does, did Ex: Students don’t drink coffee, they? - Nếu chủ từ đại từ ta lặp lại nó danh từ ta phải đổi thành đại từ tương ứng Ex: Hoa can’t sing very beautifully, can’t she? V/ THE PASSIVE VOICE Dạng bị động Form: S + be + V3 / V-ed (past participle) Ex: They sell jeans all over the world => Jeans are sold all over the world Note: - Khi chủ ngữ câu chủ động là: THEY, PEOPLE, SOMEONE, NO ONE, ANYONE đổi sang câu bị động ta nên bỏ (By + Agent) - Với động từ đặc biệt (modal verbs): CAN, MUST, MAY, MIGHT, SHOULD, WILL, ta phải thêm BE trước chuyển động từ sang dạng PAST PARTICIPLE Form: S + modal verb + be + V-ed / V3 (past participle) Ex : You must this exercise carefully => This exercise must be done carefully Exercise: Change the following sentences into the passive voice They make these artificial flowers of silk The mechanic is repairing Judy’s car Alexander Bain invented the facsimile in 1843 They will laugh at you if you wear that silly hat Did Jack London write the novel “Martin Idol”? They have built a new bus stop near my house recently They were cleaning the room when I arrived We must this exercise carefully I didn’t invite her to my party last week 10 Nobody has used this house for a long time VI/ PREPOSITION OF TIME (Giới từ thời gian) : at, in ,on, from to, for, by - AT : + điểm thời gian cụ thể Ex : We have class at one o’clock + night Ex : I sleep at night - IN : + tháng /năm cụ thể Ex : I was born 1994 + the morning /afternoon / evening Ex : We have class in the morning - ON: + ngày tuần Ex : We have class on Monday + ngày tháng năm Ex: I was born on April 6, 2006 - FROM + điểm thời gian + TO + điểm thời gian Ex: We have class from 7.00 to 10.15 - FOR: + khoảng thời gian: để nói diễn rời Ex : We walked for hours to reach the waterfall - BY: + điểm thời gian Ex: Can you finish the work by five o’clock 6| VII/ ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS (tính từ trạng từ) a- Tính từ : - bổ nghĩa cho danh từ Ex: An interesting book - Cách thành lập tính từ: b - Trạng từ: - bổ nghĩa cho động từ Ex: She sings well - Cách thành lập trạng từ: + Hầu hết trạng từ thể cách thành lập cách thêm đuôi LY vào tính từ: adjective + ly → adverb Ex: slow + ly → slowly + Chú ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt: Ex: good → well , fast → fast , VIII/ CONNECTIVES (từ nối – liên từ) * AND (và): dùng để nối hai từ hai mệnh đề có giá trị Eừx: Lan likes cats and dogs * BUT (nhưng) : dùng để nối hai câu có nghĩa trái ngược Ex: They have a lot of money, but they’re not very happy * SO (vì thế, vậy): dùng mệnh đề kết Nó đứng trước mệnh đề mà giới thiệu Ex: He’s ill so he stays at home * THEREFORE (vì thế) : dùng thay cho SO tiếng Anh trang trọng Ex: The weather was too bad, our plan, therefore, had been changed * HOWEVER (tuy nhiênt) đứng trước theo sau mệnh đề mà giới thiệu sau từ cụm từ Ex: I will offer my cat to Hoa However, he may not like it * BECAUSE (bởi vì) dùng để lý Ex: She didn’t go to the zoo because she was ill Note: Chúng ta dùng “because of” thay “ because” …… because + S + V ……… because of + noun (phrase) Ex: I was late because of the traffic jam * OR (hay là, là) Ex: Is your girl tall or short? IX / MAKING SUGGESTION(Câu đề nghị) : Câu đề nghị gờm nhiều hình thức - Dùng“ Let’s / Shall I/ Shall we + V” diễn đạt đề nghị với thứ Ex: Let’s go to the zoo - Dùng “Why don’t we / Why don’t you + V ?” diễn đạt đề nghị với thứ ngơi thứ hai -Ta dùng “ What about / How about + gerund / noun” (Bạn nghĩ sao………?) - Dùng động từ “suggest” (đề nghị) Suggest (+ possessive adjective) + gerund Ex: I suggest (your) forgetting him Suggest that + S+ present tense / should Ex: I suggest that he (should) go to a seaside resort X/ STRUCTURES , PHRASES USED TO + bare infinitive : Thường hay, Dùng miêu tả thói quen, việc thường xảy khứ Nó thành lập với cụm từ USED TO + Động từ nguyên mẫu Ex: When I was young, I used to look after my younger brother TO BE USED TO + V-ing : trở nên quen với, thích nghi với TO GET USED TO + V-ing : trở nên quen với, thích nghi với Chỉ thói quen việc thường xảy (present habit) Ex : I am used to reading books in the library EXERCISES I Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that fits the blank in each sentence If you want to save money, you should the amount of water your family uses A repair B reduce C increase D recycle Kangaroos, which come Australia, have long tails A to B from C in D for The man helps us last week is a doctor A who B whom C which D whose Nowadays, can know when a volcano will erupt 7| A scientifically B scientific C scientists D science We since we left school A don’t meet B didn’t meet C hasn’t met D haven’t met A looks like a funnel A typhoon B thunderstorm C hurricane D tornado We’re very proud our teachers A about B of C for D with He is -known for his generosity A well B good C better D best My brother is the most effective in my town A activist B activists C activity D action 10 People take physical exercise can live longer A whom B whose C which D who 11 Do not laugh the poor Help them as much as you can A with B to C at D from 12 They want us our classroom more attractively A decorate B to decorate C decorating D decorated 13 I wear a hat I not want to be sunburnt A but B and C because D so 14 What can we to spend less lighting? A in B on C about D of 15 Many new air-conditioners will this morning A be installed B be sold C be cleaned D All are correct 16 We should all the electric appliances when leaving our room A turn off B turning off C turn on D turning on 17 She told me she go to Phu Tho the following day A has to B had to C will have to D would have to 18 Everyone should forests and environment A reduce B prevent C protect D wash 19 We were very that you won the first prize A amaze B amazed C amazing D amazement 20 If a disaster in an area, people from other areas will offer help A happens B will happen C happening D would happen Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that needs correcting 21 I like reading books which tells about different peoples and their cultures A B C D 22 Most of the earthquake in the world occur in the Ring of Fire A B C D 23 What did you if you met an alien from outer space? A B C D 24 Ba, who lives on Nguyen Du Street, like playing the guitar A B C D 25 If I were free, I will go shopping with you A B C D II Choose the word (A, B, C or D) that fits each blank in the following passage Exercise 1: Drought is a condition (26) becomes when the average rainfall for a fertile area drops far below the normal amount for a long period of time In areas which (27) not irritated , the lack of rain causes farm 8| crops to wither and dead Higher than normal temperatures usually accompany periods of drought They add to the crop (28) Forest fires start easily during drought The soil of a (29) area becomes dry and crumbles Often the rich topsoil is blown away by the hot dry winds Streams, ponds and wells often dry up (30) a drought, and animals suffer and may even die because of the lack of water 26 A whose B who C where D that 27 A is B are C was D were 28 A movement B development C amazement D damage 29 A rain B flood C drought D storm 30 A to B during C with D without Choose the word (A, B, C or D) that fits each blank in the following passage Exercise 2: We are all slowly destroying the earth The sea and the rivers are (1)………… dirty to swim in There is so much smoke in the air that it is (2)………… to live in many of the world’s cities In one well- known city example, (3)… gases from cars pollute the air so much that traffic policemen have to (4)……… oxygen masks We have cut down (5)… many trees that there are now vast areas of (6)……… all over the world As a (7)… , farmers in parts of Africa cannot grow enough to eat In certain nations in Asia, there is too (8)…………rice Moreover, we not take enough (9)……… of the countryside Wild animals are quickly (10)…… For instance , tigers are race in India now because we have killed too many for them to survice However, it isn’t enough simply to talk about the problem We must act now before it is too late to anything about it Join us now Save the earth This is too important to (Vast: rộng lớn ) A very B too C much D enough A enjoyable B pleasant C healthy D unhealthy A poisonous B serious C bad D smoke A take B brigh C wear D carry A so B much C too D enough A forests B wasteland C fields D regions A fact B matter C problem D result A little B few C much D fewer A attention B.care C time D consideration 10 A saved B.preserved C running D disappearing Exercise 3: Choose the best asnwer INDEPENDENCE DAY Before the end of the 1700s, the United States did not exist It was only 13 colonies on the continent of North America which were under the control of King George III of Britain The colonies found that it was difficult to be under the control of a king who was too far away from them They wanted to be free They wanted to set up their own government A war started After years of fighting, on July 2, 1776 the Declaration of Independence for the 13 colonies was written However Independence Day is now celebrated on July 4, because that is the day the Declaration of Independence was officially adopted The 13 colonies of North America were then free from the control of the British King However the war did not end in 1776 It was still on till 1783 In 1783 Independence Day became an official holiday in the United States How many colonies that the United States had at first? A B 13 C 23 D 30 Who controlled the colonies at that time? A King George I of Britain C King George II of Britain B King George III of Britain D King George IV of Britain The war in the sixth sentence was between: A 13 colonies C 13 colonies and Britain B 13 colonies and South America D None of the above 9| The Independence Day was on A July 2, 1776 B July 4, 1776 C July 4, 1783 D None of the above The Independence Day became a holiday in A 1776 B 1783 C 1786 D 1787 Exercise 4: Read the passage and choose the correct answer for each question: I often hear or read about “ natural disasters”- the erruption of Mount St Hellen, a volcano in the state of Washington, Hurricane Andrew in Florida; the floods in the American Midwest; terrible all over the world.; huge fires; and so on and so on But I’ll never forget my first personal experience with the strangeness of nature-“ the London Killer Fog” of 1952 It began on Thursday, December 4th , when a high- pressure system( warm air) covered southern England With the freezing- cold air below, heavy fog formed Pollution from factories, cars and coal stoves mixed with the fog The humidity was terrible high, there was no breeze at all Traffic ( cars, trains and boats) stopped People couldn’t see, and some walked onto the railroad tracks or into the river It was hard to breath, and many people got sick Finally, on Tuesday, December 9th the wind came and the fog went away But after that, even more people got sick Many of them died Which “ natural disasters” isn’t mentioned in the text? A a volcano B a fllod C a hurricane D a tornado What is his unforgettable personal experience? A the London killer B the heavy fog in London in 1952.( humidity: độ ẩm, ẩm thấp) C the strangeness of nature D a high- pressure system What didn’t happen during the time of “ The London Killer Fog” A heavy rain B humidity C pollution D heavy fog: sương mù nặng Why did the traffic stop?A Because of the rain B Because of the windy weather C Because of the humid weather D Because of the heavy rain Rewrite the following sentences as directed My father has bought a new car for months (Turn into passive) A new car It’s a pity! I don’t have more time for my hobby I wish _ We can’t live without water If Today isn’t Sunday We can’t go for a picnic If today Mai is the best student in my class She lives next door (Use relative clause) Mai _ She has plenty of money, but she is very mean Although Why don’t you make posters on energy saving? I suggest _ “ What kind of books you like best, Linh?” asked Kim Kim asked _ That’s the woman I was telling you about her.( Use relative clause) That’s _ 10 She had to the test again Hoa didn’t pass the final exam (use ‘so’) Hoa _ Writing: Answer the question in 50 words: Nowadays a lot of students surf the Internet in their free time Do you think that the Internet is useful? Why? Our environment is being polluted What should we to protect the environment? Electricity plays an important part in our life nowadays What should we to save electricity? 10 | ... SUGGESTION(Câu đề nghị) : Câu đề nghị gờm nhiều hình thức - Dùng“ Let’s / Shall I/ Shall we + V” diễn đạt đề nghị với thứ Ex: Let’s go to the zoo - Dùng “Why don’t we / Why don’t you + V ?” diễn đạt đề. .. ,on, from to, for, by - AT : + điểm thời gian cụ thể Ex : We have class at one o’clock + night Ex : I sleep at night - IN : + tháng /năm cụ thể Ex : I was born 199 4 + the morning /afternoon... waterfall - BY: + điểm thời gian Ex: Can you finish the work by five o’clock 6| VII/ ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS (tính từ trạng từ) a- Tính từ : - bổ nghĩa cho danh từ Ex: An interesting book - Cách