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Trong câu điều kiện loại I, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở thì hiện tại đơn, còn động từ trong mệnh đề chính chia ở thì tương lai đơn.. Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 1:.[r]
(1)UNIT 7: POLLUTION A LÝ THUYẾT:
I CONDITIONAL SENTENCES - TYPE (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1) 1 Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại I.
Câu điều kiện loại I gọi câu điều kiện có thực Điều kiện xảy tại hoặc tương lai.
2 Cấu trúc – Công thức câu điều kiện
If clause Main clause
If + S + V s(es) S + will / can/ may + V1 (won't/can't + VI) Hiểu cách khác câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng đơn, mệnh đề dùng tương lai đơn IF + Chủ ngữ + Động từ chia đơn + Bổ ngữ, Chủ ngữ + WILL + Động từ nguyên mẫu + Bổ ngữ (nếu có)
Chủ ngữ chủ ngữ trùng Bổ ngữ khơng có, tùy ý nghĩa câu Mệnh đề IF và mệnh đề đứng trước hay sau được.
Trong câu điều kiện loại I, động từ mệnh đề điều kiện chia đơn, cịn động từ mệnh đề chia tương lai đơn.
3 Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 1:
Câu điều kiện loại cịn gọi câu điều kiện có thật Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại để đặt điều kiện thực nêu kết xảy
Ví dụ:
If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation ( Nếu tơi tìm địa ấy, gửi lời mời tới cô ấy) => Đổi vị trí mệnh đề quan hệ: I will send her an invitation if I find her address.)
If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari (Nếu John có nhiều tiền, anh mua Ferrari) Các ví dụ khác cho câu điều kiện loại 1:
1 If Caroline and Sue prepare the salad, Phil will decorate the house. 2 If Sue cuts the onions for the salad, Caroline will peel the mushrooms. 3 Jane will hoover the sitting room if Aaron and Tim move the furniture. 4 If Bob tidies up the kitchen, Anita will clean the toilet.
5 Elaine will buy the drinks if somebody helps her carry the bottles. II CONDITIONAL SENTENCES - TYPE (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2) Câu điều kiện loại II câu điều kiện khơng có thực
1 Cấu trúc:
If + S + V (QKĐ), S + would/ could (not) + V. 2 Cách dùng:
Câu điều kiện loại Chỉ việc khó xảy tương lai. Ví dụ:
If I were you, I would go abroad (Nếu bạn, tơi nước ngồi)
Diễn tả hành động “khơng có thật” “hiện tại” “tương lai” Ví dụ:
(2)=> If it were cold now, we wouldn't switch on the fans (Nếu trời lạnh, không bật quạt)
=> Hiện trời không lạnh nên bật quạt tương lai xảy vậy. * Note: Chúng ta dùng “were” cho tất ngôi, không dùng “was”
If I were a bird, I would fly
(Nếu chim, bay được) “Sự tiếc nuối” tương lai Ví dụ:
If he helped me, I could something
(Nếu anh giúp tơi, tơi làm điều đó) => Hiện tai tơi tiếc nuối anh khơng giúp tơi
Câu điều kiện loại khả năng Ví dụ:
- If he tried, he might succeed
(Nếu anh cố gắng, anh thành công) - If I lived in France, I could speak French well (Nếu sống Pháp, tơi nói tiếng Pháp giỏi) B BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG:
Exercise Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1 If we (recycle) more, we (help) the Earth
2 Factories (not dump) waste into rivers if the government (fine) them heavily If people (travel) to work by bus, there (be) fewer car fumes
4 We (save) thousands of trees if we (not waste) paper If we (use) water carefully, more people (have) fresh water Exercise Combine each pair of sentences to make a conditional sentence type 1.
1 Students are more aware of protecting the environment Teachers teach environmental issues at school
2 Light pollution happens Animals change their behaviour patterns
3 The levels of radioactive pollution decrease We switch from nuclear power to renewable energy sources
4 The water temperature increases Some aquatic creatures are unable to reproduce People get more diseases The water is contaminated
Exercise Match an if-clause (1-5) with a suitable main clause (a-e).
Column A Matchin
g
Column B
1 If I were you, - a what would happen?
2 If Lan wasn’t ill, - b I'd look for a new place to live
3 If there were fewer cars on the road, - c she would join our tree planting activity If people really cared about the environment, - d there would be less pollution
(3)Exercise Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1 If you (be) the president, what you (do) to help the environment?
2 They get sick so often If they (exercise) more, they (be) healthier If I (have) one million US dollars, I (build) more parks in our city Ngoc’s mother is unhappy If Ngoc (tidy) her room every day, her mother (not
be) so upset
5 There isn’t a garden at our house If there (be) , we (grow) vegetables Exercise Write a conditional sentence type for each situation, as in the example.
Example: People throw rubbish in the street The street doesn’t look attractive. → If people didn’t throw rubbish in the street, it would look attractive.
1 There are so many billboards in our city People cannot enjoy the view
There is so much light in the city at night We cannot see the stars clearly
We turn on the heater all the time We have to pay three million dong for electricity a month
4 The karaoke bar makes so much noise almost every night The residents complain to its owner
5 She has a headache after work every day She works in a noisy office
Exercise Complete the text Use the correct second conditional form of the verbs in brackets.
Many scientists are worried about global warming The consequences could be serious If all the ice in the Arctic and Antarctic regions (melt), sea levels (rise) and cause terrible floods If sea levels (rise), people living in coastal areas (lose) their homes The melting ice would also affect the temperature of the sea If the sea (get) colder, the northern half of the world (freeze) There would be terrible snow storms and millions of people (die)
Exercise Complete the second conditional sentences Use the correct form of the verbs below be build catch help marry not sit not work understand If we all recycled our rubbish, it the environment
2 He would be fitter and healthier if he in front of the TV all day We would use less energy if we smaller houses
4 If we learned about other cultures, we people from other countries better If I the early train, I would be in London by lunchtime
6 Lots of people in danger if there was a tornado
(4)Exercise Complete the text Use the correct second conditional form of the verbs in brackets.
Cumbre Vieja, on the island of La Palma, is a super-volcano Some scientists are worried that one day it could erupt If a large earthquake (1.happen) on La Palma, it (2.start) a huge volcanic eruption If the super-volcano (3.erupt), the explosion (4.cause) an enormous landslide If a large part of the volcano (5.fall) into the sea, there would be a tsunami The wave (6.destroy) cities near the coast and kill many people if it (7.strike) without warning
Exercise Complete the second conditional sentences Use the correct form of the verbs below. be buy communicate help not drive not work take visit We better with people around the world if we spoke several languages If we everywhere, we wouldn’t pollute the air so much
3 Kate would be more relaxed if she at the weekends
4 Lots of people scared if scientists predicted a volcanic eruption If I went to New York, I the Statue of Liberty
6 We would use less energy in our homes if we fewer machines
7 I get the train at 9.30 a.m If I the eight o’clock train, I wouldn’t get a seat If we gave more money to charity, it people in poor countries
C BÀI TẬP NÂNG CAO:
Exercise Put the verbs in brackets into correct form to make a conditional sentence - type or 2. If they offered me the job, I think I it (take)
2 A lot of people would be out of work if the car factory (close down) If I sold my car I much money for it (not/ get)
4 What would happen if somebody that red button? (press) I'd be absolutely astonished if they (do)
6 Liz gave me this ring She (be) very upset if I lost it
7 Dave and Kate are expecting us They would be very disappointed if we (not/ come) Would Steve mind if I his bike without asking him? (borrow)
9 What would you if somebody (in here) with a gun (walk) 10 I'm sure Sue if you explained the situation to her (understand)
Exercise Put the verbs in brackets into correct form to make a conditional sentence-type or 2. If Billy (live) in Mexico, he (speak) Spanish
2 If I (find) her address, I (send) her an invitation to the seminar If the sun (shine) , we(walk) into town
4 Tony (not give) it to Frank, if he (know) her number If I (come) home earlier, I (prepare) dinner
6 If they (go) to the disco, they (listen) to loud music
7 If Tim and Tom (be) older, they (play) in our hockey team If you (wait) a minute, I (ask) parents
9 If Michael (get) more pocket money, he (ask) Doris out for dinner 10 You (not lose) weight, if you (eat) too much junk food
(5)1 Look out! The baby is going (drop) your e-book reader in the water! Promise me you (not spend) all your money on an expensive tablet PC! If you (heat) water to 100°C, it boils
4 If I don’t see the film, I (be) disappointed I'm really looking forward to it If the man was innocent, the police (release) him
6 I wish I (know) the answer to the question, but I don’t
7 When we arrived at the cinema, the film (already/ start) and we missed the beginning If I (speak) German every day, I would become fluent very quickly
9 Lily (fail) her exams if she doesn’t start studying
10 That was lucky! All the children (go) home when the school caught fire Exercise Complete the sentences Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 I wish I (not have) a maths test next Monday If you (cool) water to 0°C, it freezes
3 You (remember) her birthday if you write it in your diary
4 The train (already/ leave) when they got to the station, so they caught a bus instead If your brother reads horror stories at bedtime, he (be) scared
6 I promise I (not forget) to record your favourite programme tonight
7 Look! Adam is walking towards Emma He is going (ask) her to dance with him Jake and Sian (go) to the cinema when I met them They said the film was wonderful If you (practise) the piano every day, your piano teacher would be happy
10 If the woman was a criminal, the police (arrest) her
ANSWER KEY B BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG:
Exercise Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. recycle - will help
2 won’t dump – fines travel - will be
4 will save - don’t waste use - will have
Exercise Combine each pair of sentences to make a conditional sentence type 1.
1 Students will be more aware of protecting the environment if teachers teach environmental issues at school When light pollution happens, animals will change their behaviour patterns
3 The levels of radioactive pollution will decrease if we switch from nuclear power to renewable energy sources If the water temperature increases, some aquatic creatures will be unable to reproduce
5 People will get more diseases if the water is contaminated
Exercise Match an if-clause (1-5) with a suitable main clause (a-e).
Column A Matchin
g
Column B
1 If I were you, - b a what would happen?
2 If Lan wasn’t ill, - c b I'd look for a new place to live
(6)4 If people really cared about the environment, - e d there would be less pollution
5 If there was no fresh water in the world, - a e they wouldn’t dump waste into the lake Exercise Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1 If you (be) were the president, what would you (do) to help the environment? 2 They get sick so often If they (exercise) exercised more, they (be) would be healthier. 3 If I (have) had one million US dollars, I (build) would build more parks in our city.
4 Ngoc’s mother is unhappy If Ngoc (tidy) tidied her room every day, her mother (not be) wouldn't be so upset. 5 There isn’t a garden at our house If there (be) was / were, we (grow) would grow vegetables.
Exercise Write a conditional sentence type for each situation, as in the example. If there weren't so many billboards in our city, people could enjoy the view
2 If there wasn't so much light in the city at night, we could see the stars clearly / If there weren't so much light in the city at night, we could see the stars clearly
3 If we didn't turn on the heater all the time, we wouldn't have to pay three million dong for electricity a month If the karaoke bar didn't make so much noise almost every night, the residents wouldn't complain to its owner She wouldn't have a headache after work every day if she didn't work in a noisy office
Exercise Complete the text Use the correct second conditional form of the verbs in brackets.
Many scientists are worried about global warming The consequences could be serious If all the ice in the Arctic and Antarctic regions melted (melt), sea levels would rise (rise) and cause terrible floods If sea
levels rose (rise), people living in coastal areas would lose (lose) their homes The melting ice would also affect the temperature of the sea If the sea got (get) colder, the northern half of the world would freeze (freeze) There would be terrible snow storms and millions of people would die (die).
Exercise Complete the second conditional sentences Use the correct form of the verbs below would help
2 didn’t sit built
4 would understand caught
6 would be didn’t work would marry
Exercise Complete the text Use the correct second conditional form of the verbs in brackets. happened
2 would start erupted would cause fell
6 would destroy struck
(7)1 would communicate didn’t drive
3 didn’t work 4.would be would visit bought took would help
C BÀI TẬP NÂNG CAO:
Exercise Put the verbs in brackets into correct form to make a conditional sentence-type or 2. Exercise Put the verbs in brackets into correct form to make a conditional sentence-type or 2. Exercise Complete the sentences and questions Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets. to drop
2 won't spend heat
4 will be would release knew
7 had already started spoke
9 will fail 10 had gone
Exercise Complete the sentences Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets. didn’t have
2 cool
3 will remember had already left will be