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The wedding took place last Friday, when only members of the family were invited to.. The wedding, where only members of the family were invited to, took place last Friday.[r]
(1)MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (RELATIVE CLAUSES) Collected by Ms Hoang Anh & MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ RÚT GỌN (REDUCED FORMS OF RELATIVE CLAUSES) I Cá ch dùng đại từ trạ ng từ qua n hệ
WHO: làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ, tha y cho danh từ người Ví dụ: Do yo u know the man who is standing over there WHOM: làm tân ngữ, thay cho danh từ ng ười
Ví dụ: Peter keeps talking ab out the girl whom / who he met last week WHICH: làm chủ ngữ ho ặc tân ngữ, thay cho danh từ vật
Ví dụ: Please reco mmend me a restaurant which ser ves seafood
THAT: làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ, tahy cho d anh từ ng ười danh từ vật Ví dụ: Do yo u know the man who / that is standing over there
Peter keep s talking about the gir l whom / that he met last week Please recommend me a restau rant which / that serves seafoo d
That dùng sau cụm danh từ gồ m người lẫn vậ t, sa u cá c đạ i từ everything , something, anything, all, little, much, none ng so sánh
Ví dụ: The firemen managed to rescue the old woman and her cats that were stuck in the burning housse
She is the most beau tiful girl t hat I’ve ever met WHOSE: sở hữu
Ví dụ: Peter does not like the secretar y who se ideas are contrar y to his WHEN (= on / at / in which) : tha y cho danh từ thời gian
Ví dụ: Tell me the time when (= at which) we can d epart WHERE (= at / in / from / on which) : thay cho danh t nơi chố n
Ví dụ: Do yo u know the village wher e (in which) your father was bo rn? WHY (= for which): dùng để lý do, thay cho the reason
Ví dụ: That is the reason why (= fo r which) John refused to come II Phâ n loại mệnh đề quan hệ
1 Mệnh đề qu an hệ giới hạn (Restr ictive relative clau se): cu ng cấp thô ng tin quan trọng cần thiết để xác định danh từ cụm danh từ đứng tr ước
Ví dụ: M y father is the man who understa nds me the mo st (Bố ngư ời hiểu nhất.)
Do you still remember the da y when we first met a t university?
(Bạn nhớ ngày gặp lần đầu trường đạ i học không?)
Đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ who(m), which , that trạng từ quan hệ when , why bỏ tro ng mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn
Ví dụ: He promised to lend me the boo k ( which/that) he bo ught yesterd ay (Anh h ứa cho tô i mượn qu yển sách anh mua hô m qua.)
Peter keep s talking ab out the gir l ( who/that) he met last week
2 Mệnh đ ề qu an hệ không giớ i hạn (No n-restrictive relative clau se): cung cấp thêm thông tin mộ t người, mộ t vật việc đ ã xác định Mệnh đề quan hệ khô ng giới hạn cách mệnh đề d ấu phẩ y (,) hay dấu gạch ngang (-)
Ví dụ: Peter, who is my new friend, is an architect
(Peter, người bạn quen tôi, kiến trúc sư)
The y like walking along the Tham es, which flows thro ugh London (Họ thích dọc sơng Thames, co n sông chả y qua Luân Đôn.)
Khô ng bỏ đ ại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ trạng từ q uan hệ mệnh đ ề qu an hệ khô ng giới hạn
Ví dụ: She met m y brother, whom she later married
(Cô gặp anh trai tơi, người mà sau kết hôn ) [NOT She met m y brother, she later married.]
Khô ng dùng THAT mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn.( THAT ko đứng sau dấy phẩy) Ví dụ: Ms.Pike, who is my form teacher, is ver y nice to her stud ents
(Cô Pike, giáo viên chủ nh iệm tôi, tử tế với học sinh.) [NOT Ms.Pike, tha t is m y form teacher, ]
Trong mệnh đ ề quan hệ khơng giới hạn, which dùng để bổ nghĩa cho câu Ví dụ: Peter failed again, which es not make u s surprised
(2)III Giới từ mệnh đề quan hệ
Tro ng mệnh đề quan hệ, giới từ đứng tr ước đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ giới từ (whom, which, whose) sau động từ (ngoại trừ with out) Giới từ không đặt trước who that
Ví dụ: The people with whom I was sitting were ver y no isy [NOT The people with who / that I was sitting…]
Or: The people (whom/that) I was sitting with were ver y noisy
Khi giới từ thành p hần củ a cụm động từ khơng thể đem giớ i từ trước whom, which, whose
Ví dụ: This is the book which I am looking fo r [NOT This is the boo k for which I am loo king.] IV Dạng rút g ọn mệnh đề quan hệ
1 Ngữ phân từ (participle phrase)
Ngữ phân từ (p resent p articip le p hr ase) đ ược dùng đ ộng từ mệnh đ ề qu an hệ thể chủ độ ng (active) => V-ing
Ví dụ: M y sister is the girl who is wearing a blue dress ⇾ My sister is the girl wearing a blue dress
Ngữ qu khứ phân từ (past participle phrase) đ ược dùng đ ộng từ mệnh đề qu an hệ thể bị động (p assive).=> PII
Ví dụ: The novel which wa s written by Peter’s father is ver y inter esting ⇾ The novel written by Peter’s father is ver y interesting
2 Cụm động từ ngu yên mẫu (to-infinitive phrase)
To-infinitive dùng đ ại từ q uan hệ làm chủ ngữ đứng sau first, second, …, last, next, only, d ạng so sánh ho ặc để mục đích, cho phép
Ví dụ: Tom is the last agent who left the office yesterday evening ⇾ Tom is the last agent to leave the office yesterday evening Please take us to a cafeter ia where we can ve a delicio us meal ⇾ Please take us to a cafeteria to have a delicious meal
3 Ngữ danh từ (nou n phrase)
Ví dụ: Ms Young, who is the scho ol libraria n, often lends me reference books ⇾ Ms Young, the school librarian, often lends me reference books I MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence I was talking to a businessman works with my father
A which B when C who D –
2 That’s the car crashed into his house
A what B that C which D B & C She likes sleeping in the bed her mother used to sleep
A which B where C that D -
4 Do you know the man watch is made of gold?
A which B who C whose D that
5 Kate Simpson, husband died last year, has lost her job
A who B whose C whom D her
6 He came to congratulate me, seemed a surprise to everyone
A who B that C which D whom
7 Nha Trang is a famous beach in Vietnam, is very crowded in summer A which B , which C , that D , where This is Mary volunteers to come to Vietnam to teach the poor children
A , whom B , who C who D that
9 The book was written a long time ago can not be used as references
A ,which B which C , that D what
10 Do you remember Ha Long Bay, has many beautiful caves?
A that B where C what D which
11 The literature book was not expensive at all
(3)13 The reason she didn’t come home last night was unacceptable?
A when B why C which D that
14 the teacher had told me came true
A what B which C that D whom
15 He is a cricket player abilities include fast bowling and powerful batting A where B whose C whom D of which 16 You may enroll our course by e-mail _ can be faster than other registration forms
A who B where C which D when
17 Bournemouth, we are going to visit, is a real paradise for the retired
A that B what C which D where
18 She is the famous actress everybody admires
A who B whom C which D whose
19 My nephew chose a lot of toys at the Toy World store for his father, is my elder brother, paid a large amount of money
A which / whose B whom / who C which / who D who / who 20 We’ll come in August the schools are on holiday
A that B where C which D when 21 This is the village in my family and I lived for six years
A which B that C whom D where
22 The pupils we took to the amusement park behaved themselves very well
A whose B with whom C whom D which
23 The engineer our company relies is on holiday
A who B whom C whose D on whom
24 The pollution they were talking is getting worse
A that B about which C which D whom 25 The girl I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully
A whose B from whom C from whose D whom 26 The people to she was speaking didn't know German
A who B whose C that D whom
27 My school has got new classrooms, all of are air-conditioned
A what B which C that D them
28 Jane has three sons, all of work in the army
A them B which C who D whom
29 Bournemouth, we are going to visit, is a real paradise for the retired
A that B where C which D in which
30 I don’t know the reason she hasn’t talked to me recently
A on which B for which C of which D about which Exercise 2: Find the part that needs correcting
1 The girl who (A) Tuan is talking is the most intelligent (B) one (C) I have ever known.(D) She is in charge of (A) making (B) the candidate list which (C) I want to add myself (D) The village which (A) Napoleon lost (B) the last battle (C) was (D)Waterloo
4 The light has gone out (A), this (B) makes it (C) difficult to continue (D)the lesson You will enjoy (A) the views in (B) Hanoi which (C) is the capital of (D) Vietnam What are (A) the people who lives (B) in the other (C) parts of Vietnam like (D)? My father will fly (A) to Ha Noi, that (B) is the (C) capital city of (D) Vietnam
8 Every (A) student who majors (B) in English are (C) ready to participate in (D) the orchard contest Mother’s Day (A) is the day (B) when children show their love to (C) their mother on.(D) 10 Do you know (A) the reason (B) when (C) English men travel to the left? (D)
11 Thank you for (A) your letter, which (B) you invited (C) me to (D) your wedding 12 This is the (A) picture of (B) the missing (C) girl for whom (D) we are looking 13 She is (A) the most (B) beautiful woman who (C) I have ever (D) met
14 The singer about who (A) I told (B) you yesterday is coming (C) here tomorrow.(D) 15 Mother’s Day (A) is the day (B) when children show their love (C) to their mother on.(D) 16 Nancy is always (A) late for (B) class which (C) makes the teacher angry.(D)
17 Pele, of whom (A) I respect most (B) is the most (C) famous football player all the time (D) 18 Neil Armstrong was the first (A) man who (B) walked on (C) the moon.(D)
(4)20 He was the only (A) man who (B) reached the top (C) of the (D) mountain Exercise 3: Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given: This man studies biology What you call him?
A What you call a man who studies biology? B What you call a man, who studies biology? C What you call a man studies biology? D What you call a man whom studies biology?
2 Hemingway developed a very concise writing style His name is well- known throughout the world A Hemingway, his name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style B Hemingway, whose is name well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style C Hemingway, whose name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style D Hemingway, who developed a very concise writing style, his name is well- known throughout the world This is the battle field The soldiers fought there
A This is the battle field which the soldiers fought B This is the battle field that the soldiers fought
C This is the battle field where the soldiers fought there D This is the battle field where the soldiers fought
4 He was born in 1983 There was a severe drought that year A He was born in 1983 when there was a severe drought B He was born in 1983 when was there a severe drought C When there was a severe drought in 1983 he was born D He was born in 1983, there was a severe drought when John Montagu was an English Earl He invented the sandwich A John Montagu, whose invented the sandwich, was an English Earl B John Montagu, who invented the sandwich, was an English Earl C John Montagu, that invented the sandwich, was an English Earl D John Montagu, invented the sandwich, was an English Earl Flies carry diseases They come mostly in the summer
A Flies, that come mostly in the summer, carry diseases B Flies which come mostly in the summer carry diseases C Flies, which come mostly in the summer, carry diseases D Flies that carry diseases come mostly in the summer, There was a candle It was burning in the room A There was a candle burnt in the room B There was a candle was burning in the room
C There was a candle to burn in the room D There was a candle that was burning in the room I see a boy He is running across the street
A I see a boy is running across the street B I see a boy to run across the street
C I see a boy, who is running across the street D I see a boy who is running across the street He drew from the bag a watch It had been given for his birthday A He drew from the bag a watch had been given for his birthday B He drew from the bag a watch that was given for his birthday C He drew from the bag a watch which had given for his birthday D He drew from the bag a watch which had been given for his birthday
10 One of the drivers told me all about what had happened He witnessed the whole accident A One of the drivers told me all about what had happened, who witnessed the whole accident B One of the drivers who witnessed the whole accident told me all about what had happened C One of the drivers who told me all about what had happened witnessed the whole accident D One of the drivers told me all about what had happened witnessed the whole accident 11 They asked me a lot of questions I couldn't answer most of them
A They asked me a lot of question which I couldn't answer most of them B They asked me a lot of questions, I couldn't answer most of which C They asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer
(5)12 Mary has three brothers All of her brothers are married A Mary has three brothers, all of them are married B Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married C Mary has three brothers all of whom are married D Mary has three brothers of who are married
13 Neil couldn't come to the party This was a pity A Neil couldn't come to the party that was a pity B Neil couldn't come to the party, that was a pity
C Neil couldn't come to the party which was a pity D Neil couldn't come to the party, which was a pity
14 Mr Carter is very interested in our plan I spoke to him on the phone last night A Mr Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan B Mr Carter who I spoke to him on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan C Mr Carter, who is very interested in our plan, I spoke to on the phone last night D Mr Carter is very interested in our plan to whom I spoke on the phone last night 15 That's the place The accident occurred there
A That's the place where the accident occurred B That's the place where the accident occurred there B That's the place in that the accident occurred D That's the place in which the accident occurred there 16 He was born in 1983 There was a severe drought that year A He was born in 1983 when there was a severe drought B He was born in 1983 when was there a severe drought C When there was a severe drought in 1983 he was born D He was born in 1983, there was a severe drought when 17 That is hopelessly inaccurate She told it to you A What that she told you is hopelessly inaccurate B Everything that she told you hopelessly inaccurate C She, who is hopelessly inaccurate, told you such a thing D What she told you is hopelessly inaccurate
18 Ann’s children couldn’t swim She said that there should be more notices warning people A Ann’s children, who couldn’t swim, said that there should be more notices warning people B Ann said that there should be more notices warning people whose children couldn’t swim C Ann, whose children couldn’t swim, said that there should be more notices warning people D Ann’s children couldn’t swim who said that there should be more notices warning people 19 The wedding took place last Friday Only members of the family were invited to
A The wedding, which only members of the family were invited to, took place last Friday B Only members of the family were invited to the wedding which took place last Friday C The wedding took place last Friday, when only members of the family were invited to D The wedding, where only members of the family were invited to, took place last Friday 20 The book is about the usefulness of how to keep fit I’m so keen on it
A The book is about the usefulness of how to keep fit, which I’m so keen on B The book I’m keen on is about the usefulness of how to keep fit
C I’m keen on the book, that is about the usefulness of how to keep fit D I’m keen on the book which about the usefulness of how to keep fit II REDUCED FORMS OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence Tourists _ from all over the world visit the romantic rivers in Italy
A to come B come C coming D came
2 The man _ to the policeman is my uncle
A talking B to talk C talk D talks The novel _ by Patrick is a best-seller
A writing B written C wrote D write She was the last woman in the village _ by that factory
A to employ B employing C to be employed D employed The house _ three years ago actually belonged to us
(6)6 I _ a novel _ by O.Henry at seven yesterday evening
A read / was written B was reading / was written C was reading / written D read / written
7 The poor man _ his life has just committed suicide
A boring with B bored with C being boring with D to be bored with Can you remember the girl _ you the way?
A shows B showed C showing D to show
9 Do you know the man in red _ towards your sister?
A came B comes C to come D coming
10 Credit cards _ in international trade are very convenient
A used B using C which used D uses 11 The boy is the only child in his family _ all his parents’ property
A to inherit B inheriting C inherited D being inherited 12 The lady _ in blue is her aunt
A dressed B dressing C is dressing D in dress 13 Marie Curie, _, had great contributions to the world’s science
A to be a famous physicist B being a famous physicist C a famous physicist C was a famous physicist 14 Dinner _ over, they returned home
A being B be C is D was
15 The man in that picture, _ Genghis Khan, was a Mongol emperor in the Middle Ages A his name B named C naming D with name
16 Galileo, _ works _ that the Earth revolves around the Sun, continued his scientific experiments even when he went deaf and blind
A published/ to prove B to publish/ proving C publishing/ proving D publishing/ proved 17 Any credit in this semester requires approximately three hours of classroom work
A given B giving C to be given D to give
18 The young man after the court was found innocent of all the charges against him A released B to be released C releasing D to release 19 Nobody in the club the coming party will have to give any amount of money
A attending B will attend C attended D to attend
20 The students for cleaning the classroom before the party should come an hour earlier A responsible B responsibility D responsibly D responded
Identify the underlined part that needs correction
1 The (A) experiment conducting (B) by Dr Adams last (C) week was unsuccessful.(D) They read (A) the words (B) “No Entry” writing (C) in (D) large letters
3 Mary and (A) her dog are standing (B) over there go (C) to the (D) park every day That was (A) the (B) man to talk (C) to (D) your sister yesterday
5 The first (A) May Day celebrated (B) in (C) England was in (D) 1890 She is (A) the most (A) beautiful woman working (C) in (D) our company
7 Amelia Earhart, to be (A) one of the pioneers in aviation, (B) attempted to fly (C) the world in 1937, but she and her plane mysteriously disappeared over (D) the Pacific Ocean
8 The (A) man helped (B) you yesterday is (C) a television reporter.(D)
9 The policeman (A) must try to catch (B) all the men driving (C) dangerously.(D)
10 My dad, being surprised (A) at (B) my strange behaviors, asked (C) me to give (D) clear explanation
Choose one option A, B, C or D corresponding to the sentence which has the same meaning as the original one(s)
1 It is more than one hundred years since the birth of Charles Dicken, the famous Novelist A It is more than one hundred years when Charles Dicken, the famous novelist, born B More than one hundred years ago, Charles Dicken, the famous born
C Since Charles Dicken is a famous novelist, he was born more than a hundred years ago D Charles Dicken, the famous novelist, was born more than one hundred years ago
2 She was the first woman in the Philippines She was elected as the president of the country A She was the first woman to be elected as the president of the Philippines
(7)D She was the first woman elected as the president of the Philippines Our company holds the monopoly over the import of these chemicals
A Our company is one of the few companies allowed to import these chemicals B Ours is the only company allowed to import these chemicals
C All companies but ours are allowed to import these chemicals
D These exported chemicals are held by our company, which is monopoly Visitors come to admire the relics that were excavated from the ancient tombs A Visitors come to admire the relics excavating from the ancient tombs B Visitors come to admire the relics excavated from the ancient tombs C Visitors come to admire the relics being excavated from the ancient tombs D Visitors come to admire the relics to be excavated from the ancient tombs
5 A picture was stolen by art thieves It was painted by Munch A Stolen by art thieves, a picture was painted by Munch B Painted by Munch, a picture was stolen by art thieves C A picture painted by Munch was stolen by art thieves D All are correct
KEY PHẦN
EX1
1C 2D 3B 4C 5B 6C 7B 8B 9B 10D
11D 12B 13B 14A 15B 16C 17C 18B 19D 20D
21A 22C 23D 24B 25B 26D 27B 28D 29C 30B
EX2
1A 2C 3A 4B 5C 6B 7B 8C 9D 10C
11B 12D 13C 14A 15D 16C 17A 18B 19B 20B
EX3
1A 2C 3D 4A 5B 6B 7D 8D 9D 10B
11C 12B 13D 14A 15A 16A 17D 18C 19A 20B
PHẦN EX1
1C 2A 3B 4C 5C 6C 7B 8C 9D 10A
11A 12A 13C 14A 15B 16C 17C 18A 19D 20A
EX2
(8)EX3