Investigation, assement for current environment of tourist areas in bac lieu province and proposing management solution masters thesis major sciences and management of the environment

THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY DANG THI BICH NGOC INVESTIGATION, ASSESSMENT FOR CURRENT ENVIRONMENT OF TOURIST AREAS IN BAC LIEU PROVINCE AND PROPOSING MANAGEMENT SOLUTION Major: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT MASTER’S THESIS HOCHIMINH CITY, 2018 The project was completed at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City Supervisor‟s name: (Write full name and signature) The thesis was taken at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City date month year Committee members (name): - Committee Chair - Commissioner - Secretary (Write full name and signature) COMMITTEE CHAIR DEAN OF INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I hereby declare that this thesis has been written by me and that it is a record of my own research work It has neither in whole nor in part been presented for another degree elsewhere Works by other researchers have been duly cited by references to the respective authors and all assistance received acknowledged accordingly I would like to send my sincere thanks to the professors of University of Liege and IESEM, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, who have imparted knowledge to me in recent years It is very important for me to be able to successfully complete my dissertation I am highly indebted to my supervisors Dr Le Viet Thang for his persistent effort in guiding, supervising and encouraging me throughout the course of study I would like to thank Prof HAUGLUSTAINE Jean-Marie, for his advice and encouragement I would like to thank Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City for securing funds for this study Finally, thanks a lot! Author Dang Thi Bich Ngoc ABSTRACT Bac Lieu tourism has developed fast and flourishes, sustainability; improved travel infrastructure; the new cultural tourism projects were invested These projects have created many unique, special products which attach a lot of tourists Besides the contributions that tourism brings, the tourism sector is becoming the main agent causing environmental pollution in tourist areas in the province Therefore, the subject "Investigation, assessment for current environment of tourist areas in Bac Lieu province and proposing management solution" are needed and take the practical implications contributes to sustainable development of tourism of Bac Lieu province Through the process of surveying and assessing the current status of the tourism environment in Bac Lieu province area, water quality and air quality in tourist destinations of the province is relatively good Environmental pollution mainly occurs locally in some locations near residential and urban areas, traffic points, restaurants and hotels… Environmental protection activities of the province in recent years have achieved many practical results However, the state management system of the environment in the tourist areas in the province is too thin and not corresponding to the requirements and tasks set out Investment for environmental protection is also still low In addition, a certain number of citizens, tourists and managers' awareness of environmental protection at tourist attractions is quite low as well The environmental impact of tourism activities is reflected in the pollution of surface water, waste water, waste at tourist attractions and current drawbacks of environmental management at tourist attractions in the province, which are factors that affect the sustainable development of tourism Therefore, effective implementation of solutions proposed by the task is to improve the quality of environmental management in the sustainable development of the province TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLE LIST OF FIGURE INTRODUCTION The reason for choosing the topic Objectives of the study 10 Subject and scope of the study 11 Implications 11 Implemetation methodology 11 CHAPTER THE CURRENT STATUS OF TOURISM RESOURCES AND BAC LIEU PROVINCE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 21 1.1 Travel resources 21 1.1.1 Status of tourism resources 21 1.1.2 Current status and planning of Bac Lieu tourism development 30 1.2 Current status of environmental management in tourist activities in Bac Lieu36 1.2.1 Overview of environmental impacts from tourism activities 36 1.2.2 The current status of environmental organization and management in t0ourism activities 41 1.2.3 Organizational structure of environmental management in tourism activities 45 1.2.4 The shortcomings in the tourism environment protection 46 CHAPTER CURRENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AT TOURISM SITES, BAC LIEU PROVINCE 50 2.1 Current status of environmental quality at tourism sites 50 2.1.1 Current Status of surface water quality 50 2.1.2 Current status of underground water quality 59 2.1.3 The state of the surrounding air environment 64 2.2 Map of current environmental quality at tourism sites 67 2.2.1 Water quality mapping 67 2.2.2 Mapping the current status of air quality 70 CHAPTER EVALUATION OF CURRENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT BAC LIEU TOURIST SITES 72 3.1 Assessment of tourist visitor on environmental quality of provincial tourism72 3.1.1 Types of tourism business activities at tourist destinations generating waste 72 3.1.2 Assessment of environmental quality at tourist attractions 72 3.2 Evaluation of the amount of pollutants generated from the operation of tourist destinations 75 3.2.1 Currrent status of waste water generation 75 3.2.2 Current status of solid waste generation 83 3.2.3 Emission current status 86 3.3 Evaluation of the compliance with the law on environmental protection and environmental management at tourist destinations 89 3.3.1 Current status of legal compliance with environmental protection of tourist sites 89 3.3.2 Environmental management work 90 CHAPTER SOLUTIONS PROPOSED FOR TOURISM ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 101 4.1 Technical solutions 101 4.1.1 Prevention and control of pollution in tourism business 101 4.1.2 Models of environmental protection at tourist attractions 103 4.2 Solutions to managing and protecting tourism environment 107 4.2.1 General management solutions 107 4.2.2 Environmental management solutions at tourist attractions 112 CONCLUSION 118 REFERENCES 119 LIST OF TABLE Table 0.1 Location of surface water sampling at tourist sites 13 Table 0.2 Location of underground water sampling at tourist sites 14 Table 0.3 Location of wastewater sampling at tourist sites 15 Table 0.4 Location of ambient air sampling at tourist sites 16 Table 0.5 Analytical methods for air samples 16 Table 0.6 Assignment of water quality assessment according to WQI 17 Table 0.7 Compare the level of air quality 19 Table 2.1 Results of calculating and comparing WQI at 07 sampling sites 68 Table 2.2 Results of calculating and comparing hourly AQI at 10 locations 70 Table 3.1 Wastewater discharge at tourist sites 75 Table 3.2 Load of pollutants generated in wastewater daily at tourist sites 83 Table 3.3 Volume of solid waste generated at tourist sites 84 Table 3.4 Composition of waste at tourist sites 85 Table 3.5 Pollution load coefficient of vehicles 87 Table 3.6 Volume of pollutant emissions 88 Table 3.7Current status of legal compliance of environmental protection at tourist sites 89 Table 3.8 Situation of wastewater management at some key tourist sites of Bac Lieu province 91 Table 3.9 Results of public toilets inspection for tourists 93 Table 3.10 Situation of waste management at some key tourist sites of the province 97 Table 3.11Situation of emission management at some key tourist sites of Bac Lieu province 99 LIST OF FIGURE Figure 0.1 Garbage on the coastl areas at Nha Mat (Bac Lieu provinces) 10 Figure 0.2 Garbage on Vinh Hung pagoda (Bac Lieu provinces) 10 Figure 1.1 Bac Lieu Bird Sanctuary 21 Figure 1.2 Bac Lieu antique longan garden 22 Figure 1.3 Nam Hai Mausoleum 23 Figure 1.4 Ganh Hao sea door 23 Figure 1.5 Nha Mat Resort 23 Figure 1.6 Bac Lieu Dandy‟s house 25 Figure 1.7 Cao Van Lau Composer Memorial 25 Figure 1.8 Guanyin Buddha station 26 Figure 1.9 Tac Say church 26 Figure 1.10 Uncle Ho's temple 27 Figure 1.11 The Party Committee's bases 28 Figure 1.12 Dong Noc Nang National Monument 28 Figure 1.13 Xiem Can pagoda 29 Figure 1.14 Domestic visitors market for travel purposes 34 Figure 1.15 International tourist market for tourism purposes 34 Figure 1.16 Waste status is not collected at tourist sites 47 Figure 1.17 Current status of rivers and canals contaminated at tourist sites 48 Figure 2.1 Results of analysis of pH in surface water 50 Figure 2.2 Results of TSS concentration analysis in surface water 51 Figure 2.3 Analysis of DO concentration in surface water 52 Figure 2.4 Analysis of COD concentration in surface water 53 Figure 2.5 Results of BOD5 concentration in surface water at tourist sites 54 Figure 2.6 Results of analysis of N-NH4 + concentration in surface water 55 Figure 2.7 Results of P-PO4 concentration in surface water at tourist sites 55 Figure 2.8Results of analysis of N-NO2 concentration in surface water at tourist sites 56 Figure 2.9 Results of analysis of N-NO3 concentration in surface water 56 Figure 2.10 Results of analysis of coliforms concentration in surface water 57 Figure 2.11 Analysis of Fe concentration in surface water 58 Figure 2.12 Results of pH analysis in groundwater 60 Figure 2.13 Analysis of Fe concentration in groundwater 60 Figure 2.14 Analysis of Cl concentrations in groundwater 61 Figure 2.15 Analysis of hardness in underground water at tourist sites 61 Figure 2.16Results of analysis of coliform concentrations in groundwater at tourist sites 62 Figure 2.17 Analysis of nitrate concentration in groundwater 62 Figure 2.18 Analysis of nitrite concentration in groundwater 63 Figure 2.19 Analysis of sulfate concentration in groundwater 63 Figure 2.20 Analysis of SO2 concentration in ambient air 65 Figure 2.21 Analysis of NO2 concentration in ambient air 65 Figure 2.22 Analysis of CO concentration in ambient air 66 Figure 2.23 Analysis of dust concentration in ambient air 66 Figure 2.24 Results of noise analysis (dBA) in ambient air at tourist sites 67 Figure 2.1 Map of current status surface water quality 69 Figure 2.2 Map of current status of air quality 71 Figure 3.1 Types of business at key tourist destinations 72 Figure 3.2 Quality of Bac Lieu tourism environment as assessed by tourists 73 Figure 3.3 Environmental quality at tourist destinations as assessed by tourists 74 Figure 3.4 Current status of wastewater flow 76 Figure 3.5 Results of pH analysis of wastewater 77 Figure 3.6 Results of BOD5 value analysis of wastewater 78 Figure 3.7 Results of TSS analysis of wastewater 79 Figure 3.8 Results of TDS analysis of wastewater 79 Figure 3.9 Results of the ammonium value analysis of wastewater 80 Figure 3.10 Results of nitrate analysis of wastewater 80 Figure 3.11 Results of phosphate analysis of wastewater 81 Figure 3.12 Results of coliform value analysis of wastewater at tourist sites 81 Figure 3.13 Results of oil and grease value analysis of wastewater at tourist sites 82 Figure 4.1 Volume of solid waste generated daily 85 Figure 4.1 Waste management model at tourist sites 104 Figure 4.2 Waste water management model from tourist sites 106 ... causing environmental pollution in tourist areas in the province Therefore, the subject "Investigation, assessment for current environment of tourist areas in Bac Lieu province and proposing management. .. Bac Lieu province Objectives of the study 2.1 General Objective Investigation, assessment for current environment of tourist areas in Bac Lieu province and proposing management solution for sustainable... tourism in Bac lieu province Subject and scope of the study 3.1 Research subject The research subject of the thesis are the tourist resorts in the province of Bac Lieu 3.2 Research scope The scope of