A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES IN INTERPRETATION SKILLS FACED BY SENIORS IN ENGLISH FACULTY, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY AND SOME SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS

1 ABSTRACT Today, in the context of enhanced globalization and integration throughout the world, the role of interpreters in international relations is also increasingly enhanced The interpreters play important role in interpreting in important diplomatic and political conversation, directly affecting the image of the country in the eyes of international friends or interpreting commercial deal, contribute to the overall economy of the country That's the reason why the requirements for this profession are increasing Just knowing English does not mean you can become a good interpreter, it must be fluent and fluent in both words and grammar in both mother tongue and foreign language, knowledge of diplomacy and international integration, as well as understanding the differences between the two cultures to be able to convey content from words source language into the target language completely However, there are many seniors who have to face certain problems in interpretation skill Recognizing the negative impact of these difficulties, the researcher conducted a small study to identify some common problems during interpreting The purpose of the research is to identify and explain these difficulties, and to provide some methods for students to be good at interpreting and have their own experience in the following working process There are 120 people who are the fourth – year students of English Majors at Thuongmai University participate in this study They have taken the interpretation course and have experienced with doing interpreting test Therefore, in the hope of improving the students' interpreting competence with the enthusiastic help of participants, the researcher hopes this study will be useful for everyone ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the process of doing the graduation paper, I have received a lot of necessary help as well considerable encouragement and valuable guidance from my teacher, my family and friends that guide and encourage me to overcome all difficulties and finish this graduation paper First and foremost, I would like to show my gratefulness to my supervisor, Ms Phan Tu Lan, whose give me assistance, guidance, precious ideas, encouragement and kept me confident to accomplish successfully this study Also, I would like to show my sincere thanks to all my teachers at English faculty, Thuongmai University, who has given me useful knowledge and lessons, whole – hearted advice during four years studying here I’m grateful to fourth – year English majors at Thuongmai University for their enthusiastic participation and help Their sharing has been the prime sources of data in my study Last but not least, I would like to thank to my family, my friends who always support and become a great motivation to help me overcome difficulties in the process of doing this research Because of the limited time, knowledge and practical experiences, there will have some defect and mistakes in this study Therefore, I sincerely hope to take your remarks and suggestions for my better graduation paper Ha Noi, April 24th, 2020 Student Vu Thi Hoa TABE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS No Abbreviation Meaning TMU Thuongmai University US United State LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH 1.1 Research issues and reasons for selecting topics 1.1.1 Research issues In 2016, the app iTranslate Converse was launched The app iTranslate Converse has the ability to translate and speak languages directly on the device and supports translating/ interpreting more than 100 different languages Using this tool is very simple: Users only need to select the source language and target language, then hold down the screen and start speaking The length can be in a sentence, a word and released after speaking The application will interpret the text displayed on the screen and pronounce it for the opposite person, but this tool will not replace the role of the interpreters, because it is essentially a system It is just a system, so it cannot fully understand the meaning of sentences, especially when in sentences, paragraphs using cultural elements or words with multiple levels of meaning So sometimes this tool produces very funny interpretation results, for example, the word "bánh ít" which refers to a type of cake (glutinous rice cake), but this app interpreted this word into English: "little cake" because it does not understand the word "ít" does not mean little Only interpreters who have undergone a thorough training in language and interpretation skills can see it Interpretation is a job that requires logical thinking about language and skill in using fluent and fluent language, so it can never be "dead" and cannot be replaced by technology Recognizing the importance of interpreting in areas of life, Thuongmai University has standards for students in the English Faculty All students of English Faculty must pass interpretation course in the final year In my opinion, this is a great preparation for career in the future However, during the learning process, due to various reasons, students have encountered many problems leading to poor academic results These issues are largely related to differences in English and Vietnamese language and culture Recognizing these difficulties, the researcher wishes to find the right solution to solve an important contribution to help students learn better in this subject, thereby equipping themselves with good knowledge and experience Almost of study is about interpreting English into Vietnamese and contrary action 1.1.2 The reason to choose the topic As we all know, the high marks of interpretation course of seniors of English Faculty is slightly rare It is easy to see the reason here is that the new subject, many students cannot adapt immediately so the learning results are not high And there are many other reasons The bad study of the interpretation subject may be due to the fact that students have not actively learned and improved subject knowledge or have not studied well the subjects which are prerequisites or parallel to the Interpretation subjects such as Translation practice, Specialist English leading to uncertain knowledge about English and Vietnamese, which makes it impossible to learn interpretation Vietnamese is the language that is from the East and English is from the West, there are marked differences in grammatical structure, vocabulary & reflection in these different cultures If you learn interpreting without good foundation as well as you are not really hard to learn, the results will not be high In addition, complex sentence structures and specialized words are also a big obstacle for students, because having to work with a language that is strange to the everyday language makes it difficult for many students Therefore, in this study, the researcher wants to delve into some of the main issues in the interpretation skills: issues from majors, language differences, sentence structure and cultural factors At the same time, the researcher also suggests some solutions in the hope that enable partly solve these difficulties, thereby improving their academic results 1.2 Previous studies 1.2.1 Previous studies abroad In the foreign context, the Marta Arumí Ribas's study (2013) wrote about problems and strategies in consecutive interpreting The study looks into problems (objective obstacles) and difficulties (subjective obstacles) that simultaneous interpreters have in order to establish certain universalities as well as to address the issues related to skill acquisition The results are drawn from an experiment that was carried out with 18 interpreters (10 students and professionals).This study mainly aims to identify some general patterns in the emergence of problems and strategies reported by students at two different stages of training in consecutive interpreting This study has shown that there are some commonalities among all the students when tackling certain problems, novice students report more problems than the advanced students and the problems that crop up tend to be different in kind, depending on the level of training In the studies published in 2002 and 2009, Gile analyzed interpreting difficulties and strategies through his Effort Model In this Model, Gile talked about processing capacity, which is finite and which enables us to see the faults in the interpretation process and propose solutions to these difficulties In 1996, Alessandra Riccardi had a study that talk about the problems encountered and the strategies brought to bear by interpreters with differing degrees of experience as they tackle a simultaneous interpreting task From a more theoretical point of view, in 1998 Riccardi has reflected on the creative component in interpreting strategies In her study published in 1999, Riccardi emphasized that there are general strategies, which are applicable to all language combination, and specific strategies applicable to the individual language pairs in question 1.2.2 Previous studies in Viet Nam In Vietnam, there are some research articles on this topic The first study the researcher wants to mention is the study which is finished by Tran Thi Huyen (2017) This study was an attempt to identify difficulties caused by cultural differences in interpreting Vietnamese into English faced by English majored final year students at Ha Tinh University It gained significant results The writer clarified how English-majored seniors overcome cultural differences difficulties in interpreting As a result, some useful solutions to deal with these kinds of problems were presented in this study Another study the researcher wants to mention is the study of Nguyen Thi Mai Anh (2012) This study finds out the main difficulties in learning English – Vietnamese consecutive interpreting for the third-year English majors at Haiphong Private University and suggested solutions The study has the aim of improving interpreting performance, the teaching and study quality of interpretation, this research discusses the interpreting students’ difficulties that often occur in learning English –Vietnamese consecutive interpreting and suggested solutions Clearly, all of these studies have one thing in common: an analysis of difficulties in interpretation However, the objects of these studies are slightly common and not specific In my study, I want to research in a more deep way all difficulties that fourth-years students, particularly students of English Faculty in Thuongmai University have to encounter 1.3 Research questions This thesis firstly focuses on the general knowledge of the subject of interpretation skills, then, highlights the practical difficulties that seniors have to face This study was conducted at the time this group of students had just completed the Interpretation course Therefore, the writer poses three research questions as follows: 10 4.1.2 Raise your general knowledge Surely, you cannot hear and understand things you have never known That is reason why you need background knowledge to hear the speaker's the speech correctly The interpreters need to improve their understanding in many areas However, if understanding in all the fields is too difficult then you may just prepare for the areas that you encounter frequently in interpretation For example, at TMU, teachers often choose areas such as economics, politics, environment for testing students (seniors of English faculty), students should pay attention to improve their knowledge of these areas 4.1.3 Calm down and relax in the interpretation As I mentioned in previous part, psychological problems make it harder for the interpreters to concentrate on the listening and they may miss some information in the speech Everything they need to to solve this problem is being relax and calm down in the process of listening 4.1.4 Keep the shorten distance with the speaker and reduce noises and avoid echoes These are measures to avoid objective problems Keeping a close distance will definitely help the interpreters hear the speech more clearly Besides, it is advisable to choose places with little noise and obstructions for an effective interpretation While these strategies may not resolve subjective issues, it will certainly help the listening process take place more smoothly 4.1.5 Use your eyes and ears and guess main ideas Quick eyes and ears will help a lot with interpreting So, this method is used by a lot of students when they take interpreting course For this strategies, before listening, you need to read the documents to see what the speaker will talk about and deduce the informations to capture During the listening process, you listen and pay close attention to the speaker to guess as well as memorize important words (keyword),then, deduce the main idea of the listening These words are often stressed words, or repeated many times in the listening process 41 After hearing and writing shorthand, ask yourself questions to find and link information Based on the familiar question words: who, what, when, where and how to ask related questions and this will help you navigate a whole set of linked content in the listening (guess main ideas) 4.2 Strategies to resolve difficulties of poor vocabulary and lack of grammar 4.2.1 Read English novels and stories Books have long been a treasure of valuable materials and a great aid to the discovery of new language Obviously, books also help the learners in the process of cultivating English skills Through reading books, you can supplement your vocabulary and learn many new grammar structures It is also very important to choose suitable books to read If you force yourself to read an inappropriate book, you will get bored easily There are many different genres for you to choose such as fairy, traveling, detective or specialized books on business, marketing, psychology In the first time, you can refer to a few Young Adults novels such as To all the boys I've loved before, Eleanor & Park, Wonder, Fangirl Choosing a book that suits for your ability will help you find it easily easier to read, and you won't get bored with the appearance of many new words 4.2.2 Use an English-studying app Our society is more and more advanced, especially in technology This helps students learn vocabulary and grammar structure more easily and conveniently Today, students can learn English anytime and anywhere through online / offline English-learning app These apps are not only easy to use but also motivate learners through interesting interface The researcher wants to propose some specialized apps that help learners improve vocabulary and grammatical structures such as Quizlet, Memrise, Elevalte, Lumosity These apps are also the apps that interviewers suggested and used 42 4.2.3 Chat with native speakers There have long been many websites of language exchanges These are ideal tools for foreign language learners By visiting these useful websites, you can not only chat and interact with new friends from all over the world, but also practice your vocabulary and grammatical structure This new way of learning is called Language Exchange That is, you want to learn English, you will find Americans or British, Australians to teach you English and you teach them Vietnamese You will have classmates not teachers, this strategy is simpler, more comfortable and more natural than studying with foreign teachers at English centers Some of the websites that are most used are Busuu, Hellotalk, Coefee Learning This method of learning is similar to using English learning app, but this way is more interesting 4.2.4 Use songs, TV shows or movies This is a combination of learning and relaxation So this way does not put too much pressure on the learners, but it helps the learners expand their vocabulary and grammatical structure naturally Regarding learning new words through films, Mr Ronan said: “ Movies with subtitles will help you both hear and know how the word sounds, used in any situation, so it's easy to identify that word" The advice of the researcher is that the students should choose the gentle psychological drama, with clear sounds For action films or about fast-paced gangsters, that have fast conversations and language can be offensive because of the use of slang words, which are not suitable for learning For songs or TV shows, learners should choose their favorite programs or music This is a method that many learners are using, not only the students of interpretation, because it is really a great tools for enriching vocabulary and grammar structure 4.2.5 Do exercises more and more This strategy is a traditional method and there are not many people choose it because of its aridity Doing homework seems very boring for students However, if you can work hard with your exercises, you can enrich your English 43 vocabulary and grammar structure very effectively With this method, you can also select and adjust the learning route 4.3 Strategies for cultural barriers 4.3.1 Reading books, newspapers to increase cultural knowledge For the learners who are studying a language, the cultural barrier is no stranger However, not everyone have much knowledge or knowledgeable about British cultural One of the measures that is proposed by the researcher to solve this problem is reading books, newspapers, magazines to supplement cultural knowledge Selected books and magazines should not be ordinary types of book but should be cultural books and newspapers.These books can be about people, customs, habits of the British and it can also be written in English or Vietnamese Because what we need is improving our knowledge of culture In my all knowledge, this is a powerfull strategy 4.3.2 Make friends with native speakers and exchanging cultural knowledge In the previous section, the researcher introduced a number of websites to make friends and learn English with native speakers These websites are also tools for you to make friends and exchange cultural knowledge with them This is a simple and practical way, we all know no one knows native speaker's culture than themselves From this method, we can improve our knowledge about culture easily 4.3.3 Watch TV shows Just like reading books or newspaper to increasing cultural knowledge, you don't need to see only the English programs, but it can be Vietnamese programs, as long as you can understand more about this culture The programs that you choose can be about food, travel or simply be the sports spirit of the British This is a natural and easy way to improve cultural knowledge, because the learners not have to remember everything they see, but memorize as much as possible The knowledge that you gain will be the great help in interpreting 44 4.4 Strategies for difficulties about background knowledge 4.4.1 Find the fields that you are unclear and improve it The interpreters should improve their background knowledge proactively Because every time they interpret some of speech, they have to get involved in different fields Everyone has unprecedented fields, or the areas about which they have little knowledge Therefore, the interpreters should be proactive in finding hard fields while improving their understanding of those areas If you know your strengths and weaknesses, you can improve your knowledge of fields more comprehensively and interpret more effectively 4.4.2 Exchange information and knowledge with teachers, friends, colleagues Many students have said that they often exchange information and knowledge in various fields with their teachers, friends, colleagues and they feel this helps them a lot in improving background knowledge This knowledge is easier to remember naturally because we often remember the words of our loved ones Besides, the teachers are knowledgeable and they can share a lot of useful knowledge The action of exchanging or sharing knowledge with friends and colleagues also makes you feel more comfortable because these conversations are not very different from chatting, but their effect is far larger 4.4.3 Reading books, newspapers in order to know about various fields It is not the same to when you read books to improve cultural knowledge In this method, you need to read books, newspapers about different fields such as politics, environment, science even when you don't really like those topics No one knows exactly what topics you will encounter in the next interpretation Therefore, in this section, the researcher recommends the students reading a variety of books Of course, you don't need to have a thorough understanding in every field, because the knowledge is an infinite source But the more fields you understand, the less difficulty you will have in interpreting For example, if you 45 hear some information from the speaker and it is about an area that you already know, you will interpret more fluently 4.4.4 TV shows, internet… Today, there are many TV shows, gameshows that are organized to share knowledge for viewers You can actively search for this kind of programs to improve your background knowledge Besides, the internet is also a tool that help you learn about everything They are no stranger to anyone and they are also effective tools if you want to increase general knowledge 4.5 Strategies to overcome difficulties about weak re-expression ability 4.5.1 Practice in front of the mirror to raise the confidence If we could all have one quality that would get us ahead in every area of life, it would be confidence Because it is the tool that can help us jump-start every day and be a winner in life The mirror technique is a confidence-building exercise It lets you use your innermost mind to appear and feel more confident in a matter of minutes All you need to is look at your reflection and say positive, successful, motivational statements about yourself as a person and your life in general This strategy also helps you improve your ability to speak in public as well interpreting skill 4.5.2 Learn to express the certain content through various words and grammar structures in English The researcher proposed this method because the words are great tools that can help people understand each other through different ways of speaking, different words and grammatical structures Students should try to interpreting a sentence into different ways to practice their flexibility The flexibility means that when you forget this way of interpreting you can use other expressions without being embarrassed Practicing to express in new ways is a strategy for students to use words more effectively and elaborate when they interpret 46 4.5.3 Learn the way the professional interpreters use to express The professional interpreters often have very interesting and effective expressions That is the reason why the students need to learn from them to be able to interpret more effectively You should watch and listen to well-known presentations, famous talk shows to see how the professional interpreters have expressed, the words and grammatical structures they use This method will not only help you improve your ability to re-express but also help you increase your vocabulary and you can know how to use words properly 4.5.4 Improve interpersonal skills (body language, non-verbal cues…) Interpersonal skills are sometimes referred to as social skills, people skills, soft skills, or life skills Good interpersonal skills allow us to build better and longer-lasting relationships, both at home and at work And, these skills will play a significant role in your interpretation You need to improve interpersonal skills such as verbal communication, motional intelligence, influencing skills to make the listeners feel comfortable and easier to understand It takes time to improve but not difficult to improve these skills 47 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 5.1 Summary As stated earlier, the thesis is an attempt to present the difficulties in interpretation of fourth – year student of English Majors at Thuongmai University The purpose of the research is not only to identify and explain these difficulties, but also to provide some methods for students to be good at interpreting and have their own experience in the working process in the future To reach the aims of the researcher, the study was divided into five chapters The first chapter has briefly described the general theories of the research Chapter two in this study reviewed literature directly relevant to the topic being investigated It is the theoretical background about interpreting skill as well the factors affecting to interpretation The third chapter presented the research methodology and findings of interpreting skill at Thuongmai University through questionnaires and interviews This chapter also helped the researcher find out the answers for three questions as mentioned previous in chapter one Chapter four is some recommendations to improve interpreting skills for the seniors of English Majors at Thuongmai University in particular and all of the students in general 5.2 Limitations of the study Despite considerable devotion of time and efforts, because of limited time, lack of sources, and the ability of the researcher, the study cannot avoid some shortcomings and mistakes which can be mentioned as below: First of all, the number of participants is not all of the seniors of English faculty at TMU Only 120 fourth-year students of English faculty at Thuongmai University were selected by the researcher with her own criteria while the English faculty has over 250 students who are fourth year students Therefore, the results obtained may not be generalized to the seniors of English majors Another drawback faced during the research process is the researcher conducts the questionnaire and interview methods but cannot conduct other 48 methods such as case-study, classroom observation which can make the results obtained more reliable Besides, the techniques suggested in this research are selected from different reliable but limited sources 5.3 Suggestions for further studies The study only investigated the difficulties in interpreting skills of 120 students who are the fourth – year students of English majors at TMU Therefore, for further studies, the researcher suggests conducting the survey as well interview more students with different background in order to gain deeper and clearer data about the problems which students experienced with interpreting skills and causes of these problems as well suggest more specific strategies Moreover, further researchers should also change the research method by observing students' learning through interviewing teachers to have a deeper insight into the difficulties and strategies Teachers are those who can look at students' abilities and difficulties generally, so they can give the researchers more reliable data and more practical solutions Finally, other researchers may concern about translating skills which are the foundation for interpreting skill, in my opinion 49 REFERENCES Authors - Studies Marta Arumí Ribas (2013) Problems and strategies in consecutive interpreting: A pilot study at two different stages of interpreter training Gile (2009) The Effort Models Alessandra Riccardi (1996) Language: Specific strategies in simultaneous interpreting Alessandra Riccardi (1998) Interpreting strategies and creativity Alessandra Riccardi (1999) Interpretazione Simultanea: Strategie Generali e Specifiche Tran Thi Huyen (2017) Exploring difficulties caused by cultural differences in interpreting Vietnamese into English faced by English majored final year students at Ha Tinh University Nguyen Thi Mai Anh (2012) Difficulties and suggested solutions in learning English - Vietnamese consecutive interpreting for the third - Year english majors at Haiphong private university Pochhacker (2004) Introducing Interpreting Studies Roderick Jones (2002) Conference interpreting explained 10 Jing Ma (2013) A Study of Interpreting Skills from the Perspective of Interpreting Process 11 Schmitt (2000) Vocabulary in Language Teaching 12 Laufer and Nation (1999) A vocabulary-size test of controlled productive ability 50 Websites: https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/meta/2012-v57-n3-meta0694/1017092ar/ https://www.alessandravita.com/giles-effort-model-interpreting/ https://benjamins.com/catalog/btl.16.30ric https://benjamins.com/catalog/btl.27.24ric https://arts.units.it/handle/11368/1688330?mode=full.7 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ad65/f992091fa5ce374322addfb8da46e917e378.pdf https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Difficulties-and-suggested-solutions-and- learning-Nguy%E1%BB%85n/bdfb3ff3fef4256329b225880b17e644ecc6d753 https://epdf.pub/introducing-interpreting-studies.html https://www.amazon.com/Conference-Interpreting-Explained-TranslationPractices/dp/1900650576 10 http://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/jltr/vol04/06/11.pdf 11 http://assets.cambridge.org/052166/0483/sample/0521660483WSN01.pdf 12 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249869895_A_vocabularysize_test_of_controlled_productive_ability 13 http://www.languagescientific.com/6-major-types-of-interpreting/ 51 APPENDIX 1: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES The survey is about difficulties in interpreting faced by seniors of English Faculty at Thuongmai University Thank you for spending your time answering my questionnaire General information I Question 1: What is your name: ………………………… Question 2: What is your class: ………………………… Standpoint and competence of participants II Question 3: In your opinion, how is interpretation skill important?    Extremely important Not very important Unimportant Question 4: In your opinion, what kind of interpreting is more difficult?   Vietnamese-English interpreting English-Vietnamese interpreting Question 5: Which skill you find the most important in EnglishVietnamese interpreting?     Listening skill Memorization skill Note-taking skill Re-expression skill Question 6: Which skill you find the most important in VietnameseEnglish interpreting?     Listening skill Memorization skill Note-taking skill Re-expression skill Question 7: What level of interpretation skill you have?   Excellent Good 52   Average Bad Interpreting practice frequency and the difficulties in interpreting III Question 8: How often you practice to improve your interpretation?     Always Sometimes Rarely Never Question 9: What source of language (English) you often practice?     CD VOA/ BBC TV Other sources Question 10: Which difficulties you face in English-Vietnamese interpreting?      Difficulty hearing the speaker Poor vocabulary and grammar Cultural barriers Lack of materials (background knowledge) Weak re-expression ability Question 11: Which difficulties you face in Vietnamese-English interpreting?      Difficulty hearing the speaker Poor vocabulary and grammar Cultural barriers Lack of materials (background knowledge) Weak re-expression ability Question 12: In your opinion, what is the hardest problem to resolve?      IV Difficulty hearing the speaker Poor vocabulary and grammar Cultural barriers Lack of materials (background knowledge) Weak re-expression ability Recommendations Question 13: What you to resolve difficulties in listening? 53       Calm down and relax in the interpretation Use your eyes and ears and guess main ideas Keep the shorten distance with the speaker Try to reduce noises and avoid echoes Raise your general knowledge Practice to improve listening skills Question 14: How your-self increase your vocabulary and grammar?      Read English novels and stories Use an English-studying app Chat with native speakers Use songs, TV shows or movies Do exercises more and more Question 15: What you to overcome cultural barriers?    Reading books, newspapers to increase cultural knowledge Make friends with native speakers and exchanging cultural knowledge Watch TV shows Question 16: How you resolve problems about background knowledge?     Find the fields that you are unclear and improve it Exchange information and knowledge with teachers/friends/colleague Reading books, newspapers in order to know about various fields TV shows, internet… Question 17: What you to improve your re-expression ability?  Practice in front of the mirror to raise the confidence Learn to express a content through various words and grammar structures in   English Learn the way the professional interpreters use to express Improve interpersonal skills (body language, non-verbal cues …)  54 APPENDIX 2: INTERVIEW Question 1: The interviewers were asked to interpret the following paragraph into English: “Quần đảo Hawaii nằm trung tâm nhiệt đới Thái Bình Dương, bao gồm 132 đảo lớn nhỏ Do nằm trung tâm nhiệt đới nên Hawaii chịu điều tiết khí hậu biển, bốn mùa mát mẻ Chính mà quanh năm nơi thu hút nhiều khách du lịch tới tham quan nghỉ dưỡng Nằm đảo Maui Hawaii đường Hana dài 112 km nằm thành phố Kahului Hana Đây đường lọt vào danh sách đường nguy hiểm giới.” Question 2: The researcher gave the interviewers some English audios and asked the listener to interpret this audio Question3: What you to resolve difficulties in listening? Question4: How your-self increase your vocabulary and grammar? Question5: What you to overcome cultural barriers? Question 6: How you resolve problems about background knowledge? Question7: What you to improve your re-expression ability? 55 ... mean little Only interpreters who have undergone a thorough training in language and interpretation skills can see it Interpretation is a job that requires logical thinking about language and. .. Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and the US There will have three relay interpret cabins, using English as a common language: English- Vietnamese cabin, 14 English- Lao cabin, English- Cambodian cabin When... Interpretation skills 2.1.1 Definition of interpretation By studying some linguistic scholars’ works on subject of interpretation and translation, I have to conclude that there is not any regular definition