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Nhưng thường thì giới từ được chuyển về cuối mệnh đề và trong trường hợp này mệnh đề quan hệ xác định có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ hoặc dùng that thay thế cho whom và which.. - VD: Th[r]
(1)Bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ môn tiếng Anh lớp 10 ĐỊNH NGHĨA VÀ CÁCH SỬ DỤNG
Hướng dẫn bạn đọc số cách dử dụng đại từ quan hệ hay cách dùng who whom which that whose thông dụng đặc biệt mang tới cho bạn trải nghiệm cực kì thú vị
1 Định nghĩa
- Mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề phụ nối với mệnh đề đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ quan hệ: Who, What, Which, That…vvv
- Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng sau danh từ, bổ sung ý nghĩa cho danh từ, có chức bổ sung ý nghĩa tính từ nên cịn gọi mệnh đề tính ngữ
VD: + I live in Hanoi where you visited last year
Mệnh đề quan hệ: Where you visited last year mệnh đề có chức làm rõ nghĩa cho danh từ Hanoi, câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ “Where” để nối mệnh đề với mệnh đề phụ
1 Các loại mệnh đề quan hệ
WHO : dùng cho chủ từ - người WHOM : dùng cho danh từ - người WHICH : dùng cho danh từ - vật
WHEN : dùng cho thời gian WHERE : dùng cho nơi chốn
THAT : dùng cho tất chữ ( có ngoại lệ xem phần ) WHOSE : dùng cho sở hửu ,người / vật
OF WHICH : dùng cho sở hữu vật WHY : dùng cho lý ( reason /cause )
+ WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT lược bỏ chúng tân ngữ MĐQH 1 WHO:
- làm chủ từ mệnh đề quan hệ - thay cho danh từ người … N (person) + WHO + V + O 2 WHOM:
- làm túc từ cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ - thay cho danh từ người
… N (person) + WHOM + S + V
Ở vị trí túc từ, whom thay who
Ex: I‟d like to talk to the man whom / whoI met at your birthday party 3 WHICH:
- làm chủ từ túc từ mệnh đề quan hệ - thay cho danh từ vật
(2)… N (thing) + WHICH + S + V 4 THAT:
- Có thể thay cho vị trí who, whom, which mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định * Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”:
- sau hình thức so sánh nhất - sau từ: only, the first, the last - danh từ trước bao gôm người vật
- sau đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none Ex: He was the most interesting person that I have ever
met It was the first time that I heard of it These books are all that my sister left me
She talked about the people and places that she had visited * Các trường hợp không dùng that:
- mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định - sau giới từ
5 WHOS:
dùng để sở hữu cho danh từ người vật, thường thay cho từ: her, his, their, hoặc hình thức „s
… N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V …
- Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định: Là mệnh đề quan hệ dùng đề bổ sung ý nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, thiếu mệnh đề quan hệ nghĩa danh từ khơng rõ ràng, người nghe, đọc hiểu
VD: The man who is wearing the blue sweater is my husband
- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định: dùng để giải thích thêm cho danh từ đứng trước, thiếu mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định danh từ có nghĩa rõ ràng VD: I live in Hanoi where you visited last year
6 WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason
… N (reason) + WHY + S + V …
Ex: I don‟t know the reason You didn‟t go to school for that reason → I don‟t know the reason why you didn‟t go to school 7 WHERE: thay từ nơi chốn, thường thay cho
there … N (place) + WHERE + S + V … (WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
(3)(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ex: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day → Do you still remember the day when we first met?
→ Do you still remember the day on which we first met? I don‟t know the time She will come back then → I don‟t know the time when she will come back 2. Các đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ tiếng Anh 2 Các đại từ quan hệ tiếng Anh
Đại từ quan hệ Cách dùng ví dụ:
Who Làm chủ ngữ, dùng đại diện cho người The women who is long hair is my teacher which Làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ, dùng đại diện cho đồ vật, động vật
Bổ sung cho câu đứng trước The book which is on the table is Ho Chi Minh author whose Dùng để sở hữu cho người vật The man whose yellow car you see is your new boss
whom Dùng đại diện cho tân ngữ người The girl whom you met yesterday in my house is my sister
That Dùng đại diện cho chủ ngữ người, vật, đặc biệt mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (who, which có thê sử dụng được) The book that is on the table is Ho Chi Minh auther My father is the person that I admire most
2 Các trạng từ quan hệ tiếng Anh Trạng từ
Cách dùng &Ví dụ
When Thay cho cụm thời gian The month when you visited your mother Where Thay cho nơi chốn The place where we married
Why Thay cho lí The reason why he left me 3 Giới từ với đại từ quan hệ tiếng Anh
- Khi Whom Which tân ngữ giới từ tiếng Anh trang trọng giới từ được đặt trước đại từ quan hệ Nhưng thường giới từ chuyển cuối mệnh đề trong trường hợp mệnh đề quan hệ xác định lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ dùng that thay cho whom which
- VD: The man about whom you are talkingis my brother The picture at which you are looking is very expensive
NHỮNG LƯU Ý KHI DÙNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ ( WHO ,WHICH ,WHOM ) 1 Khi dùng dấu phẩy ?
Khi danh từ đứng trước who ,which,whom : + Danh từ riêng ,tên
Ha Noi , which Mary ,who is
(4)This book ,which
+ Có sở hửu đứng trước danh từ : My mother ,who is
+ Là vật biết : ( Sun ( mặt trời ) ,moon ( mặt trăng ) The Sun ,which
2 Đặt dấu phẩy đâu ?
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ dùng dấu phẩy đặt đầu cuối mệnh đề My mother , who is a cook , cooks very well
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ cuối dùng dấu phẩy đặt đầu mệnh đề ,cuối mệnh đề dùng dấu chấm
This is my mother , who is a cook
3 Khi lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ WHO ,WHICH ,WHOM
- Khi làm túc từ phía trước khơng có dấu phẩy ,khơng có giới từ ( whose không được bỏ
This is the book which I buy
Ta thấy which túc từ ( chủ từ I ,động từ buy ) ,phía trước khơng có phẩy hay giới từ gì nên bỏ which :
-> This is the book I buy
This is my book , which I bought years ago
Trước chữ which có dấu phẩy nên khơng thể bỏ This is the house in which I live
Trước which có giới từ in nên không bỏ which đựơc This is the man who lives near my house
Who chủ từ (của động từ lives) nên bỏ 4 Khi KHƠNG ĐƯỢC dùng THAT :
- Khi phía trước có dấu phẩy giới từ :
This is my book , that I bought years ago (sai) phía trước có dấu phẩy -phải dùng which This is the house in that I live (sai) phía trước có giới từ in - phải dùng which 5 Khi bắt buộc dùng THAT
- Khi danh từ mà thay gồm danh từ trở lên vừa có ngừơi vừa có vật The man and his dog that
That thay cho : người chó
I Cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ tiếng Anh Có dạng đề rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ: 1 V-ing: present participle
Chỉ rút gọn MĐQH thể chủ động Cách rút gọn sau: Bỏ từ quan hệ
Bỏ động từ "tobe" có
(5)=> The man sitting on the chair is my father 2 V-ed/pp: past participle
Chỉ rút gọn MĐQH thể bị động Cách rút gọn sau: Bỏ từ quan hệ
Bỏ động từ "tobe"
Đưa động từ MĐQH dạng V-pp cột
Ví dụ: My Tam who was known as a famous singer is over there
=> My Tam, known as a famous singer is over there 3 To-inf
Công thức sau: S + V + (for + Someone) + to-inf Ví dụ:
English is an important language which we have to master => English is an important language for us to master Lưu ý:
Trong mệnh đề quan hệ có động từ dạng "to be" bỏ "to be" đại từ quan hệ
Trong mệnh đề quan hệ có động từ khơng phải dạng "to be" đổi động từ chính sang dạngV-ing bỏ đại từ quan hệ
Ví dụ:
Bill Clinton, (who is) the President of the US, is from Arkansas (sau to be danh từ) Clothes (which are) wet from the rain can be here (sau to be tính từ)
People (who are) from Iowa are especially nice (sau to be giới từ)
The money (which/that was) lying on the table or The money which/that lay on the table
= The money lying on the table was mine
The money (that had been) placed on the table was mine II Luyện tập rút ngắn mệnh đề quan hệ
1 The man who is standing there is a clown
2 The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it
3 Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives
4 My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house
5 The student don't know how to exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday 6 The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of 1812
7 The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator
8 All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless 9 All students don't hand in their papers will fail in the exam
(6)13 Mr John, who teaches my son, is my neighbor
14 Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London 15 The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam 16 We are driving on the road which was built in 1980
17 Customers who complain about the service should see the manager 18 The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt 19 My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm
20 The vegetable which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals KEYS
1 The man standing there is a clown
2 The envelop lies on the table has no stamp on it
3 Benzene, discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives
4 My grandmother, being old and sick, never goes out of the house
5 The student don't know how to exercise given by the teacher yesterday
6 The diagrams made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of 1812
7 The gentleman living next door to me is a well-known orator
8 All the astronauts orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless 9 All students not handing in their papers will fail in the exam
10 I saw many houses destroyed by the storm 11 The street leading to the school is very wide 12 The system used here is very successful 13 Mr John, teaching my son, is my neighbor
14 Trains leaving from this station take an hour to get to London 15 The candidates sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam 16 We are driving on the road built in 1980
17 Customers complaining about the service should see the manager 18 The city destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt
19 My brother, meeting you yesterday, works for a big firm 20 The vegetable sold in this shop are grown without chemicals * Một số lưu ý mệnh đề quan hệ- cách nhớ kiến thức nhanh * CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
Các đại từ quan hệ dùng để quy chiếu với danh từ đứng trước cho người hay vật
Xác định Xác định không xác định
Chủ từ
people
that
who
things which
Túc từ
people
that/ Ø
who(m)
things which
(7)Lưu ý: That dùng để người hay vật, thay cho chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ mệnh
đề quan hệ That đặc biệt sử dụng danh từ đứng trước all, everyone, everybody, anyone, someone hay danh từ đứng trước cho người lẫn vật
- That, who không dùng sau giới từ
- That không dùng sau dấu phảy (trong mệnh đề không xác định)
Đại từ quan hệ lược bỏ làm tân ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ & khơng đứng sau giới từ
* MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ XÁC ĐỊNH (Defining relative clauses)
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định sau cụm danh từ làm rõ người vật nói Ex: - People who drink and drive are a danger to everyone
- This is the horse that won last year‟s race
- A member whose car breaks down can ring this number
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định sau a/an- danh từ
Ex: The book is about a boy who run away from home
Giữa danh từ/ đại từ mệnh đề quan hệ xác định dấu phảy
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định thành phần lược bỏ câu
* MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ KHÔNG XÁC ĐỊNH (Non- defining relative clauses)
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định sau cụm danh từ xác định từ trước mà không cần định nghĩa giải thích thêm
Ex: Bill, who won the race last year, hopes to win again His new car, which he paid $ 15,000 for, has broken down Her car, whose tyres were bad, skedded on the wet road
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định cung cấp thêm thơng tin người vật nói đến
Ex: Peter, who spoke French well, offered to interpret
- Giữa danh từ/ đại từ mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định có dấu phảy - Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thành phần lược bỏ câu Bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ
EXERCISE RELATIVE CLAUSES
Ex1: Fill in the blank with the correct relative pronoun
1 There are eighteen different kinds of penguins live south of the equator Thank you very much for the present you sent me
3 This is Mrs Jones, son won the championship last year
4 His girlfriend, he trusted absolutely, turned out to be an enemy spy The bus crashed into a queue of people, four of _ were killed
6 A man bought in a little girl, hand was cut by flying glass
7 Mary, boyfriend didn‟t turn up, ended by having lunch with Peter
8 He paid me $5 for cleaning ten windows, most of _ hadn‟t been cleaned for at least a year
9 In prison they fed us on dry bread, most of was moldy 10 The chair in _ I was sitting suddenly collapsed 11 The bed I slept on has no mattress
12 The man _ I was waiting for didn‟t turn up
(8)Ex2: Put a tick if the relative pronoun in the following sentences can be deleted, and put a cross if it is not
1 We lit a fire, which soon dried out clothes
2 The report, which should have taken an hour and a half, took three hours The children who I was looking after were terribly spoilt
4 She thanked him for the kind help that she received
5 There wasn‟t any directory in the telephone box from which I was phoning The man who was driving us didn‟t know the way
7 The Smiths, whose house was destroyed in the explosion, were given rooms in the hotel The car which we hired from the airport broke down on the road
9 My boss, who I really wanted to see, was too busy to meet anyone
10 Mr and Mrs Jones, who were out playing cards, knew nothing of the burglary
Ex3: Choose the best answer
1 I have two sisters are doctors
A both of which B who both C both of whom D whom both
2 Do you remember the day ? I first met you on that day A Do you remember the day where I first met you ? B Do you remember the day when I first meet you ? C Do you remember the day on which I first met you ? D B and C are correct
3 Mexico City , _ is the fastest growing city in the world , has a population of over 10 million
A what B which C that D where
4 We visited the church _ in the 18th century
A was built B which built C building D which was built
5 Ms Young, to many of her students are writing, is living happily and peacefully in Canada
A who B whom C that D whose
6 She is the woman sister looks after the baby for us
A who B whom C that D whose
7 Mr Smith, is a retired teacher, does volunteer work at the hospital
A that B whom C who D is
8 I want to know the reason he told you last night
A Why B which C where D when
10 I like the teacher I learnt English with her in high school A I like the teacher with whom I learnt English in high school B I like the teacher whom I learnt English with in high school C I like the teacher that I learnt English with in high school
D all are correct
11 The banker to I gave my check was quite friendly
A who B that C whom D which
12 All of us are waiting for the man _ son was lost
A who B which C whom D whose
(9)B is talking to the lady over there D talking to the lady over there 14 My computer, _ mouse doesn't work, cannot be used now
A while B because C whose D which
15 What‟s the name of the man _car you borrowed?
A who B which C that D whose
16 The young woman who lives next door is very kind to my family A The young woman to live next door is very kind to my family B The young woman he lives next door is very kind to my family C The young woman living next door is very kind to my family D The young woman lived next door is very kind to my family
17 She didn‟t tell me the reason _ she came late
A when B for which C why D both B and C
18 This is the best play I have ever seen
A which B what C whom D that
19 I know a nearby restaurant _ has seafood
A that B who C where D whose
20 Taj Mahal, _ by Shah Janhan for his wife, is thought to be one of the great architectural wonders of the world
A being built B was built C which was built D been built
21 Mr Jones, I was working, was generous about overtime payments
A he B for whom C for him D whom
22 Is this the address to you want the package sent ?
A where B which C that D whom
23 London is the city I have visited several times
A in which B where C in that D which
24 One of the girls in that company caused an accident
A worked B who worked C whom worked
D whose worked 25 The computer, _ hard disk has just been upgraded, is among the
latest generations
A that B whose C of which D which of
26 The girl me this gift is my best friend
A presented B was presenting C presenting D be presenting
27 He lent me many picture-books, most of I had read
A whom B who C whose D which
28 Don't drink too much beer, will make us fat
A which B when C who D whom
29 The friend to he was talking on the phone is English
A who B whose C whom D which
30 Why you always believe in everything he says?
A who B which C when D that
(10)A who B whose C whom D which
32 Aberdeen, my brother lives, is a town in Scotland
A where B which C who D when
33 My parents live in the same house they bought 50 years ago
A that B which C where D A and C
34 August is the month I always give my birthday parties
A which B in which C what D why
35 The people to _she was speaking didn't know German
A who B whose C that D whom
36 Sunday is the day _ most of the Christians usually go to church
A in which B when C that D at which
37 Joyce Bews, was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England,
she still lives, was 100 last year
A that / in which B who / where C that / where D whom / where
38 According to the research, the time at most road accidents happen is early evening
A when B which C whose D that
39 The girls and the flowers _he painted were vivid
A who B which C whose D that
40 We go to school regularly,
A that makes our teacher happy B which makes our teacher happily
C it makes our teacher happy D which makes our teacher happy
41 The letter _ grandma was kept carefully in a box
A you wrote B which you wrote to
C to whom wrote D which wrote
42 Sue lives in the house The house is opposite my house A Sue lives in the house which is opposite my house B Sue lives in the house who is opposite my house
C Sue lives in the house where is opposite my house D Sue lives in the house and which is opposite my house
43 Computers cannot operate without the programmes, are often called software
A which B that C in which D with which
Ex 4: Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns :
1 The man didn‟t come back again I shouted at him
………
2 The television never worked again I dropped it
………
3 The machine was broken I hired it
………
4 The clothes were beautiful She bought some clothes
………
5 The wall fell down after three weeks They built the wall
(11)6 The policeman wasn‟t very helpful I asked him
(12)7 I didn‟t really like the car We bought it
………
8 I lost the money I borrowed it from John
………
9 She is the most intelligent woman I‟ve ever met this woman
………
10 This doctor is famous You visited him yesterday
………
11 These children are orphans She is taking care of these children
………
12 My father goes swimming everyday You met him this morning
………
13 The man is my father I respect this man most
………
14 The man is my father I respect his opinion most
………
15 Mary and Margaret are twins You met them yesterday
………
16.I‟ll introduce you to the man His support is necessary for your project
………
17 The middle-aged man is the director My father is talking to him
………
18 The boy is my cousin You make fun of him
………
19 The student is from china He sits next to me
………
20.I thanked the woman This woman had helped me
………
Ex : Write relative pronouns to complete these sentences
1 We visited the school _ my father taught I met her last month, _ she came to our house We all looked at the place _ the fire had started Did they tell you the reason _ they were late?
5 The cat sat on the wall _ it had a good view of the birds They arrived in the evening, at a time _ we were all out I couldn‟t understand the reason _ they were so rude I met him in the cafeù _ he was working as a waiter
9 I listen to music late at night, _ the children have gone to bed
10 I bought them in August, _ I was in France 11 Let me see all the letters _ you have written 12 Is there any one can help me this?
(13)15 It was the nurse told me to come in
16 The teacher with , we studied last year no longer teaches in our school 17 They showed me the hospital buildings had been destroyed by US bombings 18 We saw many soldiers and tanks were moving to the front
19 Dr Fleming, _ discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945
20 He joined the political party _ was in power
21 Love, is a wonderful feeling, comes to everyone at some time in his life 22 Freedom is something for _ millions have given their lives
23 It is easy to find faults in people we dislike
24 The really happy people are those _ enjoy their daily work