Cells and Organisms Reading Science Reading Strategy Find the Main Idea and Details What is the topic of this chapter? How are the pictures related to this topic? ✓ Reading Check Recall details Do you know what a dog, a tree, and a person have in common? They are all organisms, or living things, made of tiny cells These cells work together to keep things alive What does the big picture show? What the small pictures show? Make connections How the small pictures relate to the big picture? have in common share something alike Unit • Chapter 37 The Cell Reading Strategy Find the Main Idea and Details Which details on this textbook page seem important to you? How you know they are important? FOCUS QUESTION What one part all cells have? 1 cell A (plant) cell cytoplasm cell membrane chloroplast vacuole nucleus endoplasmic reticulum 8 ribosome Golgi complex 10 lysosome 10 11 mitochondria 12 cell wall 11 12 Word Study boxed item Multiple-Meaning Words The word cell has different meanings A cell is “a small room locked from the outside.” People in jail are kept in cells A cell is the “basic unit of living things.” Your body is made up of many cells 22 38 Unit • Chapter Reading Strategy Vocabulary in Context All living things are made up of one or more cells Cells are the smallest unit of life All cells have a cell membrane It controls what moves into and out of a cell Most cells have other parts, such as a nucleus, vacuoles, ribosomes, and lysosomes The nucleus controls all activity in the cell Vacuoles store water, food, and waste Ribosomes build proteins Lysosomes break down, or digest, material Find the Main Idea and Details What is the main idea of this paragraph? Identify two details that support this idea An (animal) cell caption illustration 11 10 Check Your Understanding Look at the plant cell and animal cell Name five parts that both cells have What does the nucleus do? What one part all cells have? Critical Thinking Making Inferences Why cells have many different parts? 23 ✓ Reading Check Use text elements What are two meanings of the word cell? Where did you find the information? Identify details What kinds of cells are shown on pages 22 and 23? How you know? Make connections Name one thing plant cells and animal cells have in common Unit • Chapter 39 Multicellular Organisms FOCUS QUESTION What is a multicellular organism? chapter title cell tissue organ organ system Reading Strategy Lung cell Find the Main Idea and Details What details in the diagram support the main idea of this page? Trachea Lung Lung tissue Respiratory system Word Study Word Parts Multicellular is made up of two word parts The prefix multi can mean “much” or “many.” The word cellular can mean “made of cells.” 30 40 Unit • Chapter A multicellular animal is made up of many cells Vocabulary in Context Trees, people, and many other living things are made up of many cells They are multicellular organisms Groups of the same kind of cell form tissues All the cells in a tissue the same kind of work For example, lung tissue helps you breathe Tubes in plant stems carry things between the roots and leaves Those tubes are a tissue Two or more different tissues that work together form an organ A lung is an animal organ A leaf is a plant organ Several organs that work together form organ systems For example, your lungs form part of your respiratory system The leaves, stems, and flowers on a plant are in the plant’s shoot system Leaf cell Reading Strategy Find the Main Idea and Details What is Flowers the main idea of this text? What is the main idea of the diagram? How the text and the diagram help you to understand the main idea of the page? Shoot system Stem Leaf tissue Roots Leaves ✓ Reading Check Check Your Understanding Look at the pictures What are tissues made of? D efineAnswer Give two examples of organs Give two examples of organ systems question in the “Check Your Understanding” box What is a multicellular organism? Critical Thinking Comparing and Contrasting How are tissues different from organs? 31 Use text elements Where did you find the answer to question in the “Check Your Understanding” box? photograph C ompare How is the respiratory system of an animal similar to the shoot system of a plant? Unit • Chapter 41 section Multicellular Organisms Kinds of Animal Cells Multicellular animals contain many different kinds of cells Each kind of cell has a certain job No other kind of cell can that job For example, red blood cells collect gases in the lungs White blood cells protect the body against disease They cannot collect gases in the lungs bold term table Kind of Cell What does this kind of cell do? cardiac muscle cell The heart is made up of cardiac muscle cells This kind of cell causes the heart to beat skeletal muscle cell Skeletal muscle cells are connected to bones This kind of cell forms tissues that help move bones smooth muscle cell This kind of cell forms organs that help move food in the digestive system It also lines blood vessels and the airways of the lungs bone cell The skeleton is made up of bone cells This kind of cell provides support and allows the body to move skin cell This kind of cell protects the outside of the body from injury and germs red blood cell This kind of cell carries gases to other cells in the body white blood cell This kind of cell fights disease in the body White blood cells hunt and eat germs and bacteria Animal Cells and Their Jobs Reading Strategy Science Skill A table presents information in rows and columns Sometimes a table will present details Details are small, important pieces of information Which two cells help protect the body? Which two cells help the body move? What are three jobs that muscle cells have in the body? Which cell causes the heart to beat? Find the Main Idea and Details Answer the “Science Skill” questions about details in the table Based on your answers, what is the main idea of this page? 42 Unit • Chapter Looking for Details 32 How Cells Divide Reading Strategy Cell division is the way an organism makes new cells or repairs an injury First, the cell copies its chromosomes Chromosomes are in the cell’s nucleus Chromosomes have information on how to make new cells Next, the two sets of chromosomes move away from each other Finally, the cell separates into two new cells Each new cell gets one set of chromosomes
Find the Main Idea and Details What is the main idea of this entire text? What information on this page helps you
understand the main idea better?
Word Study Phrasal Verbs Phrasal verbs are made up of two or three words Move away from means “to go to a different place.” Two sets of chromosomes move away from each other when a cell divides Check Your Understanding How red blood cells help the body? Cell Division How bone cells help the body? questions What are three important steps in cell division? Critical Thinking Applying Information You get a small cut What cells to help your skin heal? Research and Inquiry Use the internet, the library, or your Writing Suppose you science book to answer these questions fall and scrape your knee How your white blood cells help you heal? Write a paragraph Why is the skin an organ system? Why is an artiflcial heart not an organ? How skeletal muscles make bones move? ✓ Reading Check R ecall details 33 Answer question in the “Check Your Understanding” box U se text elements In what part of the text did you find the answer to question 1? Make an inference When might an organism have to make new white blood cells? Unit • Chapter 43 ... moves into and out of a cell Most cells have other parts, such as a nucleus, vacuoles, ribosomes, and lysosomes The nucleus controls all activity in the cell Vacuoles store water, food, and waste... Idea and Details What is the main idea of this paragraph? Identify two details that support this idea An (animal) cell caption illustration 11 10 Check Your Understanding Look at the plant cell and. .. cells are shown on pages 22 and 23? How you know? Make connections Name one thing plant cells and animal cells have in common Unit • Chapter 39 Multicellular Organisms FOCUS QUESTION What