Phrasal verbs have been the source of challenges for learners of English. Many students talk about the difficulties they have using the phrasal verbs. While phrasal verbs are widely used by native speakers of English, they have been found to be difficult for second language learners. This may be caused by the following facts: There are lots of them; It’s often difficult to guess its meaning; One given phrasal verb can have different meanings; Some phrasal verbs can be seperated while some other can’t ; There are two word phrasal verbs and there are also three word phrasal verbs. Phrasal verbs form an integral part of the English language as spoken every day. They also appear in most writing, except the very formal. Unless you are comfortable with them, you may find yourself scratching your head and asking questions like, What does up (or into, or down, or under) mean in this sentence?. Apart from understanding phrasal verb usage, another reason you should learn some is so that you sound more fluent and comfortable with the language. Although teaching phrasal verbs has been daunting and difficult for teachers, and therefore tedious for learners, it is necessary to develop our students’ skills in understanding and using them. Another reason that I choose this topic is that phrasal verbs appear in almost every English test in general and once for the University Entrance Examination or now National School Education Examination. In fact, the phrasal verb related questions account for from 6 to 8 percent of the total marks of the whole test. Thus, in this minor study, I want to focus mainly on how to teach English phrasal verbs in class with the purposes of both helping my students to prepare for the National School Education Examination and giving them a good chance to practise using English language more fluently in daily communication.
CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI THPT QG source of frustration for learners about English the difficulties Many students talk verbs Phrasal verbs are widely used English by but native they speakers have been of language learners to master (Moon, subject 1997; of how Kao, best 2001) to The controversial Although teaching of daunting phrasal and verbs difficult has been for for learners, itmanner is necessary to develop understanding our students’ and using skills inaais frequently used by native speakers spoken English, both in students written and need “There is no specified way or programmed student can learn all in which adjectives, and idioms The authors way to acquire observe such that knowledge the only listening” (Al-Sibai, 2003) MÔN : TIẾNG ANH PHRASAL VERBS FOR NATIONAL EXAM PREPARATION TABLE OF CONTENTS A INTRODUCTION I Rationale II Objectives of the study - 31 B DEVELOPMENT I Grammatical explanation of phrasal verbs 4-7 8-16 II Common phrasal verbs 17-25 III Teaching procedure 26-31 IV Exercises for selfstudy C RESULT OF APPLICATION 32 D CONCLUSION 33 REFERENCES 34 A INTRODUCTION I RATIONALE Phrasal verbs have been the source of challenges for learners of English Many students talk about the difficulties they have using the phrasal verbs While phrasal verbs are widely used by native speakers of English, they have been found to be difficult for second language learners This may be caused by the following facts: There are lots of them; It’s often difficult to guess its meaning; One given phrasal verb can have different meanings; Some phrasal verbs can be seperated while some other can’t ; There are two word phrasal verbs and there are also three word phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs form an integral part of the English language as spoken every day They also appear in most writing, except the very formal Unless you are comfortable with them, you may find yourself scratching your head and asking questions like, "What does up (or into, or down, or under) mean in this sentence?" Apart from understanding phrasal verb usage, another reason you should learn some is so that you sound more fluent and comfortable with the language Although teaching phrasal verbs has been daunting and difficult for teachers, and therefore tedious for learners, it is necessary to develop our students’ skills in understanding and using them Another reason that I choose this topic is that phrasal verbs appear in almost every English test in general and once for the University Entrance Examination or now National School Education Examination In fact, the phrasal verb -related questions account for from to percent of the total marks of the whole test Thus, in this minor study, I want to focus mainly on how to teach English phrasal verbs in class with the purposes of both helping my students to prepare for the National School Education Examination and giving them a good chance to practise using English language more fluently in daily communication II OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The study is designed to obtain the following objectives: • • • Revise the overview of phrasal verbs Recommend the way to teach phrasal verbs in class Help students to prepare for the National School Education Examination B DEVELOPMENT I GRAMMATICAL EXPLANATION OF PHRASAL VERBS A phrasal verb is a phrase or expression that consists of a verb and another word or two, like this: get up; hand in; take off; look forward to • There are some types of phrasal verbs formed from a single-word verb: • verb + adverb eg: look up These phrasal verbs can be: • transitive (direct object) • intransitive (no direct object) Examples of transitive and intransitive Phrasal verbs: meaning example sentence direct object put off postpone We will have to put off the meeting turn down refuse They turned down my offer get up rise from bed I don't like to get up break down stop working He was late because his car broke down transitive intransitiv e Separable When this type of phrasal verb has a direct object, we can usually separate the two parts For example, "turn down" is separable We can say: "turn down my offer" or "turn my offer down" Example sentences: They turned They turned However, if the direct object is a pronoun, we have no choice We must separate the two parts of the verb and insert the pronoun Look at these examples with the verb "switch on" Note that the last one is impossible: John sw John sw John sw John sw Separable or inseparable? Many dictionaries tell you when a phrasal verb is separable If a dictionary writes "look (something) up", you know that the phrasal verb "look up" is separable, and you can say "look something up" and "look up something" It's a good idea to write "sthg/sby" as appropriate in your vocabulary book when you learn a new phrasal verb, like this: • get up • break down • break sthg off turn sthg/sby down verb + preposition eg: look after This type of phrasal verb is also called a "prepositional verb" Because a preposition always has an object, all prepositional verbs have direct objects (if they are transitive) Examples of prepositional verbs: prepositional verb meaning example sentence believe in have faith in the existence of I believe in God look after take care of He is looking after the dog talk about discuss Did you talk about me? wait for await John is waiting for Mary direct object Prepositional verbs cannot be separated That means that we cannot put the direct object between the two parts For example, we must say "look after the baby" We cannot say "look the baby after": Who is looking af Who is looking th It is a good idea to write "something/somebody" in your vocabulary book when you learn a new prepositional verb, like this: • believe in something/somebody • look after sthg/sby This reminds you that the verb needs a direct object (and where to place it) verb + adverb + preposition eg: look forward to This type of phrasal verb is also called a "phrasal-prepositional verb" Examples of phrasal-prepositional verbs: phrasalprepositional verb meaning example sentence get on with have a friendly relationship with He doesn't get on with his wife put up with tolerate I won't put up with your attitude look forward to anticipate with pleasure I look forward to seeing you run out of use up, exhaust We have run out of eggs direct object Because phrasal-prepositional verbs end with a preposition, there is always a direct object And, like prepositional verbs, phrasal-prepositional verbs cannot be separated Examples: It is a good idea to write "something/somebody" in your vocabulary book when you learn a new phrasal-prepositional verb, like this: • get on with somebody • put up with sthg/sby • run out of something This reminds you that the verb needs a direct object (and where to place it) Summary: There are types of phrasal verbs: Type 1: Separable Phrasal Verbs (Transitive) The object may come after the phrasal verbs or it may separate the two parts: • You have to this paint job over • You have to over this paint job When the object of the phrasal verbs is a pronoun, the two parts of the phrasal verb must be separated: • You have to it over Type 2: Inseparable Phrasal Verbs (Transitive) The parts of these phrasal verb cannot be separated The objects always come after the phrasal verbs: • "Who will look after my estate when I'm gone?" Type 3: Intransitive Phrasal Verbs These phrasal verbs are not followed by an object: • "Once you leave home, you can never really go back again." Type 4: Three-Word Phrasal Verbs (Transitive) These phrasal verbs are made up of three parts: • "My brother dropped out of school before he could graduate." II COMMON PHRASAL VERBS These are lists of common phrasal verbs most of which are used in English course books They are also useful for preparing for the National School Education Examination Separable Phrasal Verbs ( Transitive) No Verb blow up explode The terrorists tried to blow up the railroad station bring up mention a topic My mother brought up that little matter of my prison record again bring up raise children It isn't easy to bring up children nowadays call off cancel They called off this afternoon's meeting over repeat a job Do this homework over fill out complete a form Fill out this application form and mail it in fill up fill to capacity She filled up the grocery cart with free food find out discover My sister found out that her husband had been planning a surprise party for her Meaning Example 10 11 12 13 14 15 give away give something to someone else for free The filling station was giving away free gas give back return an object My brother borrowed my car I have a feeling he's not about to give it back hand in submit something (assignment) The students handed in their papers and left the room hang up put something on hook or receiver She up the phone before she up her clothes hold up delay I hate to hold up the meeting, but I have to go to the bathroom hold up (2) rob Three masked gunmen held up the Security Bank this afternoon leave out omit You left out the part about the police chase down Asylum Avenue look over examine, check The lawyers looked over the papers carefully before questioning the witness (They looked them over carefully.) look up search in a list You've misspelled this word again You'd better look it up make up invent a story or lie She knew she was in trouble, so she made up a story about going to the movies with her friends make out hear, understand He was so far away, we really couldn't make out what he was saying pick out choose There were three men in the line-up She picked out the guy she thought had stolen her purse pick up lift something off something else The crane picked up the entire house (Watch them pick it up.) point out call attention to As we drove through Paris, Francoise pointed out the major historical sites put away save or store We put away money for our retirement She put away the cereal boxes put off postpone We asked the boss to put off the meeting until tomorrow (Please put it off for another day.) 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 put on put clothing on the body I put on a sweater and a jacket (I put them on quickly.) put out extinguish The firefighters put out the house fire before it could spread (They put it out quickly.) read over peruse I read over the homework, but couldn't make any sense of it set up to arrange, begin My wife set up the living room exactly the way she wanted it She set it up take down make a written note These are your instructions Write them down before you forget take off remove clothing It was so hot that I had to take off my shirt talk over discuss We have serious problems here Let's talk them over like adults throw away discard That's a lot of money! Don't just throw it away try on put clothing on to see if it fits She tried on fifteen dresses before she found one she liked try out test I tried out four cars before I could find one that pleased me 35 turn down lower volume Your radio is driving me crazy! Please turn it down 36 turn down (2) reject He applied for a promotion twice this year, but he was turned down both times turn up raise the volume Grandpa couldn't hear, so he turned up his hearing aid turn off switch off electricity We turned off the lights before anyone could see us turn on switch on the electricity Turn on the CD player so we can dance use up exhaust, use completely The gang members used up all the money and went out to rob some more banks 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 37 38 39 40 Inseparable Phrasal Verbs (Transitive) No Verb Meaning Example call on ask to recite in class The teacher called on students in the back row call on (2) visit The old minister continued to call on his sick parishioners come across find st by chance I came across my friend’s lost pen while arranging my locker I am counting on you to submit the assignment by tomorrow morning Count on rely on or depend on something or someone get over recover from sickness or disappointment I got over the flu, but I don't know if I'll ever get over my broken heart go over review The students went over the material before the exam They should have gone over it twice go use up; consume through They country went through most of its coal reserves in one year Did he go through all his money already? look after take care of My mother promised to look after my dog while I was gone look into investigate The police will look into the possibilities of embezzlement 10 run across find by chance I ran across my old roommate at the college reunion 11 run into meet Carlos ran into his English professor in the hallway settle on choose or decide I thought on which career to take, and I finally settled on civil engineering take resemble My second son seems to take after his mother 12 13 10 B end up C die out They with the building project despite warnings from safety inspectors A ended up B went ahead C moved in You were living in Laos for a while, weren't you? When did you _? A grow up B get back C hold on 10 We _ having dinner at the new Japanese place downtown A ended up B dropped by C caught on 11 She should be here by now When is she going to _? A take off B show up C watch out 12 Get to bed so we can _ early in the morning A set off B slow down C speak out 13 You're going too fast You need to _ A slow in B slow up C slow down 14 If you don't _, no one will A speak in B speak out C speak around 15 Our plane _ in two hours A takes off B takes up C takes in 16 I tried making beef stew for the first time It didn't _ well A turn out B turn in C turn off 17 I was so tired that I got home and just _ A passed in B passed on C passed out 18 I don't trust him You should _ C watch off 25 B watch around C watch out 19 Let's get together this weekend and _ A catch in B catch up C catch on 20 I think you missed the exit We need to _ A turn over B turn around C turn behind Period 5: Three-Word Phrasal Verbs (Transitive) Practice: Game: Phrasal verb – definition cards 26 IV EXERCISES FOR SELFSTUDY Exercise Complete the sentences with appropriate phrasal verbs I have to my notes once again to make sure I have learned all important details before the exam A) stand for B) put up with C) take after D) pull down E) go over My check-up results indicate that I have to all my bad habits at once A) keep on B) let down C) give up D) put across E) bring up 27 We haven't been able to decide on who is going to our baby while we are on the business trip next week A) fall out B) come to C) get by D) look after E) go on Today, there is a tendency in our culture to the people who haven't been to a university A) take off B) show off C) turn over D) look down on E) run out The soldier will be brought to trial because he is thought to have state secrets to the enemy A) backed up B) given away C) broken out D) turned off E) run over 28 In order not to lose its market share, our company must the latest technological developments A) hold up B) drop in C) fall apart D) wear out E) keep up with It is obvious that the new law has some revolutionary changes in the current tax system but there are still some points to be revised A) brought about B) broken away C) taken in D) pulled out E) come at If it weren't for the loan I got from the bank, it would have been impossible for me to my own business A) set up B) cross out C) drop off 29 D) take down E) throw up Though he loved his fiancée very much, the boy acted in accordance with his parent's wishes and with her A) set out B) turned out C) made up D) broke up E) looked in 10 The fact that the inflation rate has in recent months indicates that the government isn't following a reliable economic policy A) put forward B) come down with C) given off D) gone up E) put out Answer: E C D D B E A A D Exercise Complete the sentences with appropriate phrasal verbs How are you _ at the new school? Is it OK? 30 10 D getting on getting up getting in When you _ for the summer holidays? break in break up break out The police are still _ the thief looking into looking for looking through Just _ this form and sign it fill in fill up fill up on The doctor said if I _ sugar I'll lose weight cut down on cut up on cut off Be quiet! You'll _ the children! 31 wake in wake on wake up Most of the shops _ years ago closed out closed down closed up We _ the lights and TV and went to bed switched off switched over switched around I'll try to _ to see you soon drop off drop out drop in 10 It's _ ! I can see blue sky clearing off clearing up clearing out Answer: getting on break up looking for 32 fill in cut down on wake up closed down switched off drop in 10 clearing up Exercise Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions Helen usually her childhood with great pleasure A talks back to B thinks back on C turns back to D falls back on One member of the project group the boss and was fired immediately A came up against B came up with C talked back to D put up with The government is trying not to the money they are spending on vocational training A drop out of B drop in on C go on with D cut down on My grandparents often us without warning A drop in on B keep up with C drop out of D catch up with Linda was about to take a part-time job, but she decided to her studies instead A keep up with B go on with C get on with D drop out of Many students school to set up their own businesses and become self-employed A move out of B cut down on C drop out of D drop in on I'm searching for websites offering career advice so that I can a plan A come up against B come up with C draw up with D come across with I'm so under with work at the moment - it's awful A iced B rained C snowed D fogged The company's announced it's off over 1,000 workers A leaving B laying C setting D giving 10 They're planning to down their operation in Greece and concentrate on Eastern Europe A wind B tie C roll D stretch 11 The job offer was too good for him to down A put B cut C turn D shut 12 I'm not sure I'm doing it right, but I'll try to ahead with it anyway A drive B bang C touch D press 13 Something's just up, so I'm afraid I won't be able to make it this afternoon 33 A shown B pulled C cropped D cut 14 Could you lend me some money to me over to the end of the month? A hand B tie C get D make 15 I didn't out to be a millionaire - I just wanted to run a successful business A set B go C begin D watch 16 Mona's going to leave early this afternoon but she says she'll up the hours tomorrow A find B make C catch D bring 17 I was in for the actual manager while she was away on maternity leave A heading B staying C standing D sitting 18 Over three hundred workers were made redundant because they had to one factory A pull down B cut down C take down D close down 19 I am seeing you at a job interview A waiting for B looking for C looking forward to D hoping to 20 The company I'm working for at the moment is planning to expand, so they're _ new staff A taking on B bringing in C carrying on to 5.B 8.C Answer: 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 6.C 7.B 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.D 19.C 20.A 34 D pulling in C RESULT OF APPLICATION RESULT IN SCHOOL YEAR 2018-2019 No number of sts 12A2 37 12A4 35 12A7 41 113 class point 8-10 0 2 % 0.00 0.00 4.88 1.77 point point point point % % % % 6,5-8 5-6,5 3,5-5