A critical discourse analysis of president trump’s speech to the arab islamic american summit on may,21st, 2017

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULITY OF GRADUATE STUDIES  NGUYEN THI THU KHANH A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT TRUMP’S SPEECH TO THE ARAB ISLAMIC AMERICAN SUMMIT ON MAY, 21st, 2017 (PHÂN TÍCH DIỄN NGƠN PHÊ PHÁN BÀI NĨI CHUYỆN CỦA TỔNG THỐNG TRUMP TẠI HỘI NGHỊ THƯỢNG ĐỈNH MỸ VÀ HỒI GIÁO Ả RẬP NGÀY 21/05/2017) MINOR THESIS Field :English Linguistics Code :8220201.01 Hanoi, 2018 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULITY OF GRADUATE STUDIES  NGUYEN THI THU KHANH A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT TRUMP’S SPEECH TO THE ARAB ISLAMIC AMERICAN SUMMIT ON MAY, 21st, 2017 (PHÂN TÍCH DIỄN NGƠN PHÊ PHÁN BÀI NĨI CHUYỆN CỦA TỔNG THỐNG TRUMP TẠI HỘI NGHỊ THƯỢNG ĐỈNH MỸ VÀ HỒI GIÁO Ả RẬP NGÀY 21/05/2017) MINOR THESIS Field :English Linguistics Code :8220201.01 Supervisor : Prof Nguyen Hoa Hanoi, 2018 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I hereby certify that the thesis entitled ― A critical discourse analysis of President st Trump‘s speech to the Arab Islamic American Summit on May, 21 , 2017‖ is my own study in the fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts at Faculty of Post-Graduate Studies, University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It would not have been possible to complete this thesis without the kind supports and helps of many people First and foremost, I express the greatest gratitude to my enthusiastic supervisor, Prof Nguyen Hoa, for his guidance and constant supervision as well as providing necessary information regarding the study in the completion of this thesis My high appreciation also goes to all my lecturers and officers from Faculty of Post-Graduate Studies, University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, who facilitated in the most possible way during my whole course of studying I have made efforts in this thesis I would like to take this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude and sincerest thanks to all of them Finally, I wish to say sincerest thanks to my family and friends who have encouraged and assisted me during the process of my writing this paper Hanoi, March, 2018 Nguyen Thi Thu Khanh i TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PART I: INTRODUCTION Rationale of the study Aims of the study Scope of the study The significance of thesis Methodology of the study Background of the data Structure of the study PART II: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Definition of key terms What is discourse? 1.1.1 Discourse 1.1.2 Political discourse 1.2 What is CDA? 1.3 Power in language 1.4 Language and ideology The review of previous researches CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 2.1 Data 2.2 Procedure 2.2.1 Fairclough‘s analytical framework 2.2.1.1 Description ii 2.2.1.2 Interpretation 17 2.2.1.3 Explanation 17 2.2.2 Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) and its roles in CDA 18 2.2.2.1.Ideational Function 19 2.2.2.2 Interpersonal Function 20 2.2.2.3 Textual Function 20 2.2.2.4 Thematic system 20 CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 22 3.1 Text (Description) 22 3.1.1 The structure of the text 22 3.1.2 Vocabulary 26 3.1.2.1 Experiential value of words 26 3.1.2.2 The relational value of words 29 3.1.2.3 The expressive value of words 30 3.1.2.4 Metaphors 31 3.1.3 Grammar 32 3.1.3.1 The use of personal pronouns ‗I‘, ‗we‘ and ‗you‘ 32 3.1.3.2 Passive/active Voice 34 3.1.3.3 Mode of sentences 34 3.1.3.4 Modality 35 3.1.3.5 Connective value of text 37 3.1.3.6 Transitivity system (process and participants) 38 3.1.4 Textual analysis 40 3.2 Interpretation(Interaction) 41 3.2.1 Situational context 41 3.2.2 Speech acts 42 3.2.3 Inter-textual context and presupposition 44 3.3 Explanation (Context) 44 iii PART III: CONCLUSION 46 1) Summary and conclusion 46 2) Limitation of the study 48 3) Suggestions for further study 48 REFERENCES 49 APPENDIXES 50 Appendix 50 President Trump‘s Speech to the Arab Islamic American Summit 50 Appendix 2: Content Analysis 60 Appendix 3: Transitivity Analysis in detail 68 Appendix 4: Speech act analysis 75 iv ABSTRACT In my study, I employ Fairclough‘s theoretical framework and Halliday‘s Systemic Functional Grammar to analyze a case study which is a political speech named ―President Trump‘s Speech to the Arab Islamic American Summit‖ The study aims at deciphering the relationship between language, ideologies and power behind the discourse To fulfill above mentioned purposes, the linguistic strategies are analyzed to see how the ideologies of speech are constructed The result after analyzing this discourse draws out the major findings that language is not only shaped by the society around it, but an effective tool to convey ideas and at the same time affects the thinking of the hearers and the society Language constructs one‘s themes or ideologies By analyzing this case study, it can be seen that Trump has flexibly used his linguistic strategies to get his opinions across and persuade the audience to action according to his policies v LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure1 The Three-Dimensional view of discourse [adapted from Fairclough, Norman 1992 Discourse and Social Change (Page 93, Figure 5-2) Cambridge: Polity Press] 15 Figure 2: Explaination ( Fairclough, 2001:136) 18 Table 1:The distribution of ‗I‘, ‗we‘, and ‗you‘ 32 Table 2: Distribution of modal verbs 36 Table 3: Summary of Process types 38 Table 4:Transitivity analysis of the speech 38 Table 5: The distribution of speech act 42 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CDA Critical Discourse Analysis PDA Political Discourse Analysis CL Critical linguistics SFG Systematic Functional Grammar vii Saudi Arabia to take part in the Hajj In addition to ancient wonde this country is also home to modern ones—including soaring achievements in architecture Egypt was a thriving center of learning and achievement thousand years before other parts of the world The wonders of Giza, Luxor Alexandria are proud monuments to that ancient heritage All over the world, people dream of walking through the ruins of Petra in Jordan Iraq was the cradle of civilization and is a land of natural beauty And the United Arab Emirates has reached incredi heights with glass and steel, and turned earth and water into spectacular works of art The entire region is at the center of the key shipping lanes of the S Canal, the Red Sea, and the Straits of Hormuz The potential of this region has never been greater 65 percent of i population is under the age of 30 Like all young men and women they seek great futures to build, great national projects to join, and place for their families to call home But this untapped potential, this tremendous cause for optimism, i held at bay by bloodshed and terror There can be no coexistence this violence There can be no tolerating it, no accepting it, no excusing it, and ignoring it Every time a terrorist murders an innocent person, and falsely inv the name of God, it should be an insult to every person of faith Terrorists not worship God, they worship death If we not act against this organized terror, then we know what happen Terrorism‘s devastation of life will continue to sprea Peaceful societies will become engulfed by violence And the futu of many generations will be sadly squandered If we not stand in uniform condemnation of this killing—then n only will we be judged by our people, not only will we be judged history, but we will be judged by God This is not a battle between different faiths, different sects, different civilizations This is a battle between barbaric criminals who seek to obliterate human life, and decent people of all religions who seek to protect This is a battle between Good and Evil When we see the scenes of destruction in the wake of terror, we se no signs that those murdered were Jewish or Christian, Shia or Su When we look upon the streams of innocent blood soaked into the ancient ground, we cannot see the faith or sect or tribe of the victi – we see only that they were Children of God whose deaths are an insult to all that is holy But we can only overcome this evil if the forces of good are united 63 and strong – and if everyone in this room does their fair share and fulfills their part of the burden Terrorism has spread across the world But the path to peace begins Call up against terrorism right here, on this ancient soil, in this sacred land America is prepared to stand with you – in pursuit of shared interests and common security But the nations of the Middle East cannot wait for American power to crush this enemy for them The nations of the Middle East will have to decide what kind of future they want for themselves, for their countries, and for their children It is a choice between two futures – and it is a choice America CANNOT make for you A better future is only possible if your nations drive out the terror and extremists Drive Them Out DRIVE THEM OUT of your pla of worship DRIVE THEM OUT of your communities DRIV THEM OUT of your holy land, and DRIVE THEM OUT OF THI EARTH For our part, America is committed to adjusting our strategies to m evolving threats and new facts We will discard those strategies th have not worked—and will apply new approaches informed b experience and judgment We are adopting a Principled Rea rooted in common values and shared interests Our friends will never question our support, and our enemies will never doubt our determination Our partnerships will advance sec through stability, not through radical disruption We will ma decisions based on real-world outcomes – not inflexible ideology will be guided by the lessons of experience, not the confines of rig thinking And, wherever possible, we will seek gradual reforms – sudden intervention We must seek partners, not perfection—and to make allies of all w share our goals Above all, America seeks peace – not war Muslim nations must be willing to take on the burden, if we are g to defeat terrorism and send its wicked ideology into oblivion The first task in this joint effort is for your nations to deny territory to the foot soldiers of evil Every country in the region absolute duty to ensure that terrorists find no sanctuary on their so Many are already making significant contributions to regiona security: Jordanian pilots are crucial partners against ISIS in Syr and Iraq Saudi Arabia and a regional coalition have taken strong action against Houthi militants in Yemen The Lebanese Arm hunting ISIS operatives who try to infiltrate their territory Emirat troops are supporting our Afghan partners In Mosul, Americ 64 troops are supporting Kurds, Sunnis and Shias fighting together fo their homeland Qatar, which hosts the U.S Central Command, is crucial strategic partner Our longstanding partnership with Kuwa and Bahrain continue to enhance security in the region And courageous Afghan soldiers are making tremendous sacrifices in fight against the Taliban, and others, in the fight for their country As we deny terrorist organizations control of territory and populations, we must also strip them of their access to funds We cut off the financial channels that let ISIS sell oil, let extremists pa their fighters, and help terrorists smuggle their reinforcements I am proud to announce that the nations here today will be signing agreement to prevent the financing of terrorism, called the Terrori Financing Targeting Center – co-chaired by the United States and Saudi Arabia, and joined by every member of the Gulf Cooperatio Council It is another historic step in a day that will be lon remembered I also applaud the Gulf Cooperation Council for blocking funder from using their countries as a financial base for terror, and designating Hezbollah as a terrorist organization last year Sa Arabia also joined us this week in placing sanctions on one of the most senior leaders of Hezbollah Of course, there is still much work to That means honestly confronting the crisis of Islamist extremism a the Islamist terror groups it inspires And it means standing togeth against the murder of innocent Muslims, the oppression of women persecution of Jews, and the slaughter of Christians Religious leaders must make this absolutely clear: Barbarism w deliver you no glory – piety to evil will bring you no dignity If yo choose the path of terror, your life will be empty, your life will be brief, and YOUR SOUL WILL BE CONDEMNED And political leaders must speak out to affirm the same idea: hero don‘t kill innocents; they save them Many nations here today hav taken important steps to raise up that message Saudi Arabia‘s Vis for 2030 is an important and encouraging statement of tolera respect, empowering women, and economic development The United Arab Emirates has also engaged in the battle for hear and souls—and with the U.S., launched a center to counter the on spread of hate Bahrain too is working to undermine recruitment a radicalism I also applaud Jordan, Turkey and Lebanon for their role in hostin refugees The surge of migrants and refugees leaving the Middle E depletes the human capital needed to build stable societies a economies 65 Instead of depriving this region of so much human potential, Midd Eastern countries can give young people hope for a brighter future their home nations and regions That means promoting the aspirations and dreams of all citizens w seek a better life – including women, children, and followers of al faiths Numerous Arab and Islamic scholars have eloquently argue that protecting equality strengthens Arab and Muslim communitie In that spirit, after concluding my visit in Riyadh, I will travel to Jerusalem and Bethlehem, and then to the Vatican – visiting many the holiest places in the three Abrahamic Faiths If these three fait can join together in cooperation, then peace in this world is possib including peace between Israelis and Palestinians I will be meetin with both Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palesti President Mahmoud Abbas Starving terrorists of their territory, their funding, and the false al of their craven ideology, will be the basis for defeating them But no discussion of stamping out this threat would be com without mentioning the government that gives terrorists all three— safe harbor, financial backing, and the social standing needed fo recruitment It is a regime that is responsible for so much instabil in the region I am speaking of course of Iran From Lebanon to Iraq to Yemen, Iran funds, arms, and trai terrorists, militias, and other extremist groups that spread destruc and chaos across the region For decades, Iran has fueled the fires sectarian conflict and terror It is a government that speaks openly of mass murder, vowing the destruction of Israel, death to America, and ruin for many leaders and nations in this room Among Iran‘s most tragic and destabilizing interventions have be Syria Bolstered by Iran, Assad has committed unspeakable crime and the United States has taken firm action in response to the use banned chemical weapons by the Assad Regime – launching tomahawk missiles at the Syrian air base from where that murdero attack originated Responsible nations must work together to end the humanitarian c in Syria, eradicate ISIS, and restore stability to the region The Iranian regime‘s longest-suffering victims are its own people Iran has a rich history and culture, but the people of Iran have end hardship and despair under their leaders‘ reckless pursuit of confl and terror Until the Iranian regime is willing to be a partner for peace nations of conscience must work together to isolate Iran, de funding for terrorism, and pray for the day when the Iranian peop 66 have the just and righteous government they deserve The decisions we make will affect countless lives King Salman, I thank you for the creation of this great moment in history, and for your massive investment in America, its industry its jobs I also thank you for investing in the future of this part of world This fertile region has all the ingredients for extraordinary success rich history and culture, a young and vibrant people, a thriving sp of enterprise But you can only unlock this future if the citizens of Middle East are freed from extremism, terror and violence We in this room are the leaders of our peoples They look to us fo answers, and for action And when we look back at their faces, be every pair of eyes is a soul that yearns for justice Today, billions of faces are now looking at us, waiting for us to ac the great question of our time Will we be indifferent in the presence of evil? Will we protect our citizens from its violent ideology? Will we let its venom spr through our societies? Will we let it destroy the most holy sites on earth? If we not confront this deadly terror, we know what the future bring—more suffering and despair But if we act—if we leave this magnificent room unified an determined to what it takes to destroy the terror that threatens t world—then there is no limit to the great future our citizens will h The birthplace of civilization is waiting to begin a new renaissanc Just imagine what tomorrow could bring Glorious wonders of science, art, medicine and commerce to insp humankind Great cities built on the ruins of shattered towns New jobs and industries that will lift up millions of people Parents wh longer worry for their children, families who no longer mourn for their loved ones, and the faithful who finally worship without fear These are the blessings of prosperity and peace These are the des that burn with a righteous flame in every human heart And these the just demands of our beloved peoples I ask you to join me, to join together, to work together, and to FIG together— BECAUSE UNITED, WE WILL NOT FAIL Thank you God Bless You God Bless Your Countries And God Bless the United States of America 67 Appendix 3: Transitivity Analysis in detail Line 10 11 Participant I I I We You The founder of Kingdom King Abdulaziz Your father 12 13 15 16 17 18 20 21 21 22 24 25 26 26 27 28 30 32 He We Let me You I I I I Nation I I America 35 36 37 37 38 40 43 43 44 Our vision Our goal this historic and unprecedented gathering of leaders I The United State This A new spirit of optimism We That There I My meetings 46 47 We That 68 49 50 51 53 56 58 69 59 60 62 63 This landmark agreement We This agreement We We This groundbreaking new center Countries I I I 64 64 65 67 67 69 69 70 70 71 73 75 77 78 78 79 America Priority We We partnership We We We One goal That goal Boys and girls Men and women God‘s help Those We Gathering 81 83 84 87 89 90 91 93 93 95 95 96 97 This future Few nations America The nations of Europe Nations of… the deadliest toll They Some estimates 95 percent We That It No description 98 99 101 102 104 104 104 106 107 108 109 110 111 113 114 114 115 116 117 119 119 120 122 123 124 125 126 127 127 128 129 129 The true toll It The Middle East It The region Refugee Newcomer Saudi Millions of Muslim s This country 130 130 Peaceful societies Future 132 133 135 137 139 140 141 We We This This This We Those Egypt The wonder of… People Iraq the United Arab Emirates The entire region The potential 65 of percent They This tremendous cause There There A terrorist It Terrorist They We We Devastation of life 70 71 141 142 142 143 143 144 145 145 146 148 148 150 152 153 We Blood We We They Deaths We Forces of good Everyone Terrorism The path America Nations of… Nations of … 155 157 157 161 162 163 164 164 165 It A better future Your nation America We 165 166 167 168 169 171 171 173 174 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 Our enemies Our partnership We We We We We Principle Realism Our friends Americas Muslim nations We The first task Every country Terrorists Many Pilots Saudia… Army 72 182 183 185 185 186 187 189 190 190 191 191 193 193 196 197 Who Troops Qatar 198 200 201 203 204 204 207 207 208 208 209 209 211 211 212 212 213 216 217 218 219 220 222 224 224 226 226 I Saudia There That It It Leader Barbarism Evil You Your life Your Political leader Heroes They Many nations Vision Emirates Out partnership… Soldier We We We ISIS Extremist I Nations It That Bahrain I The surge of… Middle Eastern countries That Who Scholars Protecting 228 229 230 232 234 235 236 238 240 241 242 242 243 245 246 247 247 249 250 251 253 254 256 257 257 259 260 261 262 263 263 264 265 267 269 269 271 271 272 272 273 274 276 73 Middle East We Every men and women I Three faiths Peace I Starving No discussion The government It That I ….groups Iran It Government Syria ….Assad The United State Attacks Nations Victims Iran The people of Iran Iran regime All nations of… Iranian people They The decision We I I Region You Citizens We They We Pair of eyes That billions of faces We 74 276 277 278 279 279 279 281 We We We We We The future We 281 We 282 It 282 That 282 There 283 Out citizen 284 285 Civilization Tomorrow 287 Great cities 287 New jobs and industries 288 Parents 289 Families 290 The faithful 291 These 291 These 291 That 292 These 294 I Appendix Speech act analysis Line 10 11 12 13 15 17 17 18 20 21 24 26 28 30 33 35 35 37 38 43 45 46 46 49 50 52 53 56 58 60 62 64 65 69 75 70 73 75 78 81 83 84 87 90 91 93 95 96 97 99 101 102 104 106 107 108 110 111 113 114 115 117 119 120 122 124 125 127 128 132 135 137 139 140 145 148 150 152 76 155 157 161 165 171 174 176 178 179-188 189-192 193-197 198-201 203-206 207-210 211-215 216-218 219-223 224-227 229 232-237 238 240 244-246 247 249-253 254 256-258 259-262 264-266 26-270 271-273 274-275 279-280 281-283 284-285 286-290 291-293 294 296-297 77 ... Prof Nguyen Hoa Hanoi, 2018 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I hereby certify that the thesis entitled ― A critical discourse analysis of President st Trump‘s speech to the Arab Islamic American Summit. .. Speech to the Arab Islamic st American Summit is a convincing proof of that The speech was made on May,21 , 2017 It is a new step of President Donald Trump about diplomatic strategy between the. .. 4:Transitivity analysis of the speech 38 Table 5: The distribution of speech act 42 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CDA Critical Discourse Analysis PDA Political Discourse Analysis CL Critical